Amakhowe asephenduke isikhathi eside kusuka kubahlali basehlathini aba izitshalo ezitshaliwe, abalimi abaningi bafuna ukufunda ukuthi bangawakha kanjani amakhowe e-oyster ekhaya. Kungani kufanelekile amakhowe e-oyster? Yebo, ngoba azithobeki kakhulu futhi athela kakhulu amakhowe otshaliwe. Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe e-oyster cishe amakhilogremu ayishumi ngemitha skwele ngenyanga, aqala ukuvuna kuphela inyanga nesigamu ngemuva kokutshala. Ngakho-ke, yilawa makhowe lapho udinga ukuqala.
Ungawakhulisa kanjani amakhowe e-oyster ekhaya, lapho ungathola khona i-mycelium
Noma yimuphi amakhowe akhula kusuka ku-mycelium - okungukuthi, i-mycelium, equkethe imicu emincane yombala omhlophe. I-Mycelium ingakhula kusuka ezinhlafunweni zefungus eziwele endaweni esemanzi noma endaweni emanzi ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokukhula kwazo. Emvelweni yemvelo, izimo ezinjalo zenzeka ehlathini, lapho bebevame ukukha khona amakhowe ukuze balime amakhowe ekhaya. Kamuva bafunda ukususa i-mycelium (mycelium) elabhorethri bese beyithengisa.
I-Mycelium kufanele ithengwe ezitolo ezikhethekile noma ezinkampanini ezibandakanyeka kulinywe lawa makhowe. Inketho yesibili iyathandeka, ngoba izinkampani ezikhulisa amakhowe kufanele zishintshe i-mycelium minyaka yonke, bese ithengisa esetshenzisiwe. I-mycelium enjalo ishibhile kakhulu kunoyintsha, yize ikwazi ukuzala amakhowe.
Lapho uthenga i-mycelium, qiniseka ukuthi umbala wayo umhlophe, okuvumelekile okuncane kwe-substrate kuvunyelwe. Amakhowe angamahlathi kuphela angahogela i-mycelium enhle. Okokuqala, kwanele ukuthenga ikhilogremu ye-mycelium, kufanele igcinwe esiqandisini.
Ukuthenga i-mycelium eyenziwe kahle, umlimi usengozini yokuthola umkhiqizo osezingeni eliphansi, futhi lokhu kuzokonakalisa ibhizinisi lonke. Kunengqondo ukufunda ukuthi ungazikhulisa kanjani i-oyster mushroom mycelium ngokwakho. Lokhu kwenziwa ngale ndlela:
- Kuthathwa amakhowe amasha anempilo anqunywe, asikwe phakathi bese ucezu lwesigqoko luhlukaniswe ngama-tweezers.
- Lesi siqeshana siphathwa nge-hydrogen peroxide yokuhlonza amagciwane bese kuthi ishubhu lifakwe okusanhlamvu okuchotshoziwe okuyi-millet noma enye ingxenye esemhlabeni.
- Ishubhu elivaliwe lishiyelwe izinsuku eziyi-14 endaweni efudumele ngaphandle kokubhaliwe nokukhanya kwelanga.
Le misebenzi idinga inzalo! Izitsha namathuluzi kufanele kwenziwe inzalo, ukuxhumana kwe-substrate nemvelo kungafakwa.
Uma izinhlamvu eziningi kakhulu zingena kwi-tube yokuhlola, noma uma izinga lokushisa lasekamelweni lingaphezu kokujwayelekile, kungaqhuma i-mycelial crust, khona-ke ukuhlinzwa kufanele kuphindwe. Futhi, konke kuzodingeka kwenziwe kabusha uma kunephunga elivela ngaphandle futhi ingaphezulu limbozwe ngumswakama, okukhombisa ukuthi isitho esingaphansi saso singenwe ngamagciwane.
I-mycelium elungele ukubukeka ibukeka ngathi emhlophe i-fluffy coating futhi inephunga lamakhowe amasha.
Ukulungiselela okuphansi komhlaba
Ngokungafani namanye amasiko ezwe, amakhowe awakhuli emhlabathini, ngenxa yalokho, nganoma iyiphi indlela yokulima, kubalulekile ukulungiselela isizinda esingaphansi sama-oyster amakhowe ekhaya. Abalandeli abangathí sina mayelana nokulungiselela lo mgatshana bayaphoxeka kulenkqubo, bengasiboni isivuno esilindelekile. Eqinisweni, ukwenza i-substrate ejwayelekile akunzima kangako, udinga nje ukufunda imithetho yokulungiselela kwayo. Okuvame ukusetshenziswa njenge-substrate:
- isikhumba sembewu yelanga;
- utshani kakolweni, ibhali, i-nokunye okubhakiwe nokunye okusanhlamvu;
- ukhuni oluqinile;
- bran;
- iziqongo zommbila, umhlanga.
Ngayinye yalezi zinto zokwenziwa zingasetshenziswa ngawodwana, noma ingaxutshwa nganoma iyiphi ingxenye, ngemuva kokugaya izingcezu ezinobukhulu obuyi-0.5 kuya ku-3 cm. Kubalulekile ukuthi impahla leyo yome, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokubumba futhi ayinalo iphunga elingajabulisi. Wabasaqalayo, ama-10 kg we-substrate anele. Ilungiselelwe kusetshenziswa ubuchwepheshe obulandelayo:
- Ingxube, ichotshozwe usayizi ofanele, ithululelwa ngamanzi abilayo ukuze ichithe microflora eyingozi. Ukuze uthembeke kakhudlwana, abanye ochwepheshe batusa ukupheka lesi sixa amahora amabili.
- I-substrate enensimbi futhi exutshwe igcotshwe esitsheni esinjengomgqomo futhi ivunyelwe ukudumba amahora angama-12.
- Isigaxa sokuvuvukala sisatshalaliswa kwifilimu ngesendlalelo esincanyana sokupholisa.
Ukubheka ukuthi i-substrate inomswakama owanele, ungakwenza lokhu: uyinyise esandleni sakho. Uma ngasikhathi sinye amanzi engaphumi kuyo, nesigaxa sibambe ukwakheka kwawo, khona-ke umswakama uvamile.
Yini engcono ukukhulisa amakhowe e-oyster
Amakhowe e-Oyster angatshalwa ekhaya ezindlini zombili ezingaphansi komhlaba kanye namagatsha okugcina izithombo, amaseshi, amachibi enkukhu namanye amakamelo okusetshenziselwa ukusebenza, uma nje izimo ezidingekayo zakhiwa lapho
Izimo ezifanele zamakhowe e-oyster akhula ngale ndlela elandelayo:
- umswakama ongaphansi kwama-70%;
- lokushisa komoya kusuka kuma-20 kuye kwangama-30 degrees;
- Kudingeka umoya omncane kakhulu;
- ukukhanyisa okwenziwe ngenkani.
Okulandelayo, udinga ukuqonda ukuthi amakhowe e-oyster akhula kanjani ekhaya. Lezi zimo zihlangabezana kangcono ne-basement noma i-cellar yendlu yangasese. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukwakhiwa kudinga ukulungiswa ngokucophelela nemishini. Ekuqaleni, kunconyelwa ukubulala amagciwane: hlanza ukungcola, fafaza ngesisombululo se-sulfate, phunga izindonga nophahla, noma uphathe nge-sulfate yethusi. Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, yonke iminyango namafasitela avale izinsuku ezimbili, bese omiswa umoya omncane.
Ukulawula izinga lokushisa, i-thermometer iyadingeka, futhi umswakama uyanconywa ukuba ugcinwe ngokunisela noma ngokusebenzisa umswakama womoya.
Ngomswakama owanele ngokwanele, amanzi akufanele aqongeleleke phezulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kungabonakala isikhunta, esizokuba nomphumela olimazayo esithelweni.
Esinye isimo esibalulekile ukuvikela izinambuzane ezindizayo ukuthi zingangeni egumbini, ngakho-ke konke ukuvuleka komoya kufanele kufakwe inetha lomiyane.
Lapho kukhula amakhowe e-oyster ekhaya, isibani esinamandla asidingeki, isibani esisodwa nje esinamandla wama-watts angama-50 noma isibani se-fluorescent ngemitha yesikwere sinele.
Ukukhulisa amakhowe e-oyster udinga izinga lokushisa njalo, ngakho-ke ebusika uzodinga i-heater encane.
Inqubo yokukhula
Kulula kubaqalayo ukuthi bangafunda kanjani ukutshala amakhowe e-oyster ezikhwameni. Ngaphezu kwale ndlela, kukhona abanye, ngokwesibonelo, eziziqubeni, ezitsheni, ezitsheni zengilazi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuvela izinketho ezintsha, ngoba umcabango wabahlali bethu basehlobo awunamkhawulo. Ubuchwepheshe obuhlongozwe lapha ekukhuliseni amakhowe e-oyster ekhaya kubhekwa njengengabizi kakhulu.
Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulungiselela amabhlogo. Amabhulokhi imvamisa izikhwama zepulasitiki (ezinye iziqukathi zingenzeka), zigcwele ingxubevange ye-substrate ne-mycelium. Izikhwama zincoma ukukhipha igciwane kwikhambi elilodwa le-bleach.
Ungatshala kanjani i-oyster mushroom mycelium ezikhwameni? I-inoculation ye-mycelium yenziwa egumbini elihlanzekile, eliqale lifafazwe nge-hydrogen peroxide, bese liyenziwa. Izembatho kufanele futhi zihlanzeke, isigqoko namagilavu ​​kuyadingeka. I-mycelium ixutshwe okusanhlamvu okuhlukile ngaphambi kokuxubana ne-substrate. Ngaso leso sikhathi, umbala omhlophe uyanyamalala, kepha lokhu akudingeki wesabe - i-mycelium izosala. Ukuxuba kwenziwa etafuleni noma esitsheni.
Ingakanani i-mycelium edingekayo esikhwameni ngasinye kuya ngosayizi wesikhwama. Ububanzi obukhulu besikhwama bungama-35 cm, amagremu ama-300 e-mycelium azokuya kuwo. Kunconywe ukupakishwa kwabantu kusuka ku-400 kuya ku-500 amagremu we-substrate ilitha ngalinye lesikhwama.
Ngemuva kokugcwalisa, iphakethe liboshwe - ibhlokhi lokukhulisa amakhowe e-oyster ekhaya selilungile.
Amabhulokhi abekwa egumbini ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene, okulula kakhulu ukulengiswa ezintanjeni, ukufakwa mpo noma okuvundlile kuma-rack nako kuvunyelwe. Into esemqoka ukuthi izikhwama zazifakwe ngokuqinile futhi azikwazanga ukugcwalisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuvimba amabhlogo kuqine kakhulu kufanele kugwenywe ukuze umoya ukwazi ukujikeleza ngokukhululeka phakathi kwabo.
Izigaba kanye nezindlela zokutshala
Isikhathi sokufuduka sithatha amasonto amabili:
- izinga lokushisa lokutshala i-oyster amakhosi ngalesi sikhathi ligcinwa ebangeni le-19 - 23 ° C;
- umswakama womoya kufanele ulingane nama-90 - 95%;
- ukukhanyisa kulesi sigaba akudingekile;
- umoya ngalesi sikhathi nakho akufanele, ngoba i-carbon dioxide ekhishwa amakhowe iyadingeka ukuze ikhule.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-4 kuye kweziyi-5, i-mycelium kufanele ivele ngesibhamu esinsundu. Ngemuva kwezinye izinsuku ezingama-4, umbala wayo uzoshintsha ube nsundu, okhombisa ukuvuthwa kwe-mycelium. Kulokhu, sonke isikhwama sizogcwaliswa ngemicu emhlophe.
Esigabeni esilandelayo sokukhulisa amakhowe e-oyster ekhaya, udinga izinga lokushisa lika-10 kuye ku-16 ° kanye nokukhanyisa okungenani amahora angama-8 ngosuku. Ezikhwameni, izimbobo zisikwa ukuze kukhule esigabeni ngasinye. m. munye ngasikhathi. Ububanzi bezimbobo bufika ku-5 cm.
Ukunakekelwa okuthe xaxa kuqukethe ukunisela izikhwama ngamanzi afudumele kanye ngosuku kanye nomoya omncane. Ukuze ulondoloze umswakama ophezulu egumbini, ngaphezu kokunisela, kunconywa ukunisela izindonga naphansi ngamanzi ngesibhamu sokufafaza.
Ikhula kanjani i-oyster mushroom? Izinsuku eziyi-10 zidlula ukusuka esikhathini sokufakwa kwesinye isikhathi kuze kufike ukuvuna kokuqala. Mayelana nokulungela kukakhowa we-oyster ukuqoqwa kusho ukukhanyiswa okuthile kwezigqoko. Ngemuva kwamanye amasonto amathathu, i-fruiting yesibili iqala, kepha iphansi kakhulu kuneyokuqala.
Ngokuncika kukho konke ukunconywa kokukhulisa amakhowe e-oyster ekhaya izikhathi ezimbili, ungaqoqa ufike kuma-45 kg amakhowe nge-100 kg yangaphansi eyodwa.
Ungakhula kanjani amakhowe e-oyster ku-sawdust
Ukhulisa amakhowe e-oyster ezikhwameni ezinezihlahla zokwenza sawubona kuyindlela eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kodwa futhi isebenza ngempumelelo. Ukuhlanzeka kabusha kwe-sawdust kubaluleke kakhulu, ngoba ama -organic pathogenic angakhula kuma-stale ones.
I-softwood sawdust ayilungele i-oyster mushroom substrate.
I-Sawdust kumele yomiswe ifike ezingeni lomswakama we-7 - 10%, kuyilapho kufanele ilula, ikhulule futhi yomile lapho kuthintwa. Kukhona izakhamzimba ezimbalwa ku-sawdust, kunconywa ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwabo ngokungeza ubhiya. Ingathengwa e-burwery noma ilungiswe ngokuzimela.
Ukulungiselela okuphansi komhlaba
Okusanhlamvu noma okusanhlamvu, okuhlanzwa ngamanzi agobhozayo, kugcwalisa ezinye izitsha ezinjengephepha lokubhaka elinendlalelo elingekho amasentimitha amabili. Lesi singqimba simbozwe ngamanzi abandayo futhi sishiywe usuku olulodwa nesigamu. Ngemuva kwalokhu, uketshezi luyakhanywa, bese okusanhlamvu kuvuziwe embozwe ngephepha likotini. Indwangu igcinwa inomswakama ngokunisela ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili, okusanhlamvu kuzohluma. Lapho amahlumela efinyelela kubude obufika ku-8 mm, okusanhlamvu kuyomiswa kuhhavini ngo-60 ° C. Ungawomisa ngokumane usabalalise okusanhlamvu ngaphezulu kwetafula emazingeni okushisa ajwayelekile.
Umalale omisiwe ungaphansi kokuvumelana kwekhofi yomhlabathi. Ihlanganiswe ngamanzi ngokususelwa engxenyeni eyodwa ye-powder, izingxenye ezinhlanu zamanzi. Le nhlanganisela ifakwa emanzini okugeza amanzi ihora nesigamu, ivusa ngezikhathi ezithile. Ngemuva kokubheka, ingxube ihlungiwe nge-cheesecloth. I-wort ephumayo iqukethe ushukela omningi, ocebile ngamavithamini nama-amino acid.
Qala inqubo
Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa izikhwama nge-sawdust, i-pasteurization iyadingeka. Kwenziwa kanje:
- I-Sawdust ibekwe esitsheni, uthele amanzi abilayo nge-wort ngesilinganiso se-200 g nge-1 litre lamanzi. Uketshezi kufanele luphindwe kathathu kune-sawdust.
- Izitsha zimbozwe ngokucophelela futhi zishiywe amahora angama-8 - 10. Ngemuva kwalokho ketshezi olwedlulele luyakhanywa.
I-substrate epholile ne-mycelium ifakelwe izingqimba zibe yizikhwama.
I-substrate ne-mycelium kufanele ibe nokushisa okufanayo ukuze i-mycelium ingavuthi.
Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-45, isikhwama siyavulwa, ukusikeka okwenziwe ngokunqamula okwenziwa ezinhlangothini. Ngemuva kokuvela kwe-primordia yamakhowe, ukuthambisa kuqala futhi ukukhanya kukhanyiselwe amahora angama-8 ngosuku.
Amakhowe avuthiwe wokuthathwa asontekile, kusale i-hemp. Izimbambo kufanele zivalwe ngothayela ukuze umswakama osezikhwameni ungaphumi, bese ulinda ukuvela kwe-mycelium. Bese kuza owesibili, bese kuba negagasi lesithathu lokuqhakaza izithelo.
Uma uqala ukubona, amakhowe e-oyster akhula ekhaya angabonakala njengebhizinisi elinobuqili. Kepha uma ufunde ngokucophelela zonke izincomo futhi wenza le nqubo okokuqala, uyicabangela, uzothola isipiliyoni esibaluleke kakhulu. Esikhathini esizayo, zonke izenzo zizojwayela futhi ngeke zidale ubunzima. Isilimo esivelayo siyoletha hhayi kuphela izinzuzo futhi sisindise isabelomali somndeni, kodwa futhi sizonikeza ithuba lokuziqhenya ngokufanele ngomsebenzi wabo.
