Enye yezimfanelo ezibaluleke kakhulu zomlimi ophumelelayo ukusatshalaliswa kwabafanele kwabasebenzi nesikhathi. Kukhona umsebenzi omningi njalo phansi, ngakho-ke, uma usukwenzile imisebenzi ethile ekwindla, ungaziqabula kancane entwasahlobo. Kepha yini engenza umsebenzi wentwasahlobo ube lula? Impendulo izitshalo zasebusika!
Yini izitshalo zasebusika?
Incazelo yokuthi yiziphi izitshalo zasebusika ezihambelana negama lokukhiqizwa kwezolimo - izilimo ebusika. Kuhlwanyela imbewu emibhedeni endaweni yokushisa yomoya ezinzile esifundeni esingu-0 ° С kanye nokushisa kwenhlabathi + 2 ... + 4 ° С okubizwa ngokuthi izilimo zobusika. Ezindaweni ezihlukene zezulu, lo mzuzu kwenzeka ngezikhathi ezahlukahlukene, uma endaweni ethile esifundeni esiseduze kokuphela kuka-Okthoba, bese kuba nakwezinye izindawo ngoNovemba.
Ukutshala ugarliki wasebusika.
Yiziphi izinzuzo zezilimo zasebusika?
Inzuzo yokutshala imifino ebusika inkulu ngokwanele futhi kufanelekile ukuthi ungayidebeseleli.
- Okokuqala, kuthola isivuno I-2 - 3, kanye nendawo yokukhosela yamafilimu namaviki ama-4 ngaphambilikunokuhlwanyelwa kwentwasahlobo.
- Okwesibili, ukuthola ukumelana ngaphezulu nokubuya kwesithwathwa, izifo nezinambuzane zezithombo.
- Okwesithathu, kubalulekile ukonga isikhathi ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo.
- Futhi ekugcineni umphumela omkhulu endaweni efanayo, ngokusebenzisa amandla okusebenzisa izitshalo eziphindaphindwayo.
Yini engahlwanyelwa ngaphambi kobusika?
Ukukhethwa kwezilimo ezihlwanyelwe ekwindla kubanzi ngokwanele. Lokhu: isipinashi, ulethisi weqabunga, isithombo, iparsley, dill, ubhungane, izaqathe, isaladi yesinaphi, anyanisi, ileki, sorrel, utshani bekhukhamba, i-ruccola, ipnnip, ikhoramu, rhubarb, umbala, inhloko ebomvu futhi iklabishi le-chinese.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufika phansi ebusika kuyazuzisa ugarlic futhi i-anyanisi isethi, futhi kulabo abathanda amakhambi akhulayo, - ukuhlwanyela i-sage, ikhemisi le-chamomile futhi I-Valerian officinalis.
Ungatshala kanjani imbewu ekwindla sekwephuzile?
Ukuze izilimo zobusika zingalethi ubunzima, kuyadingeka ukuzilungiselela kusukela ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba - ukuqala kuka-Okthoba. Ukulungiselela kuqukethe ngokumba, ukufaka umquba nokwakha imibhede, ukukhetha imbewu, ukuthenga amasheya wokutshala.
Beka kwezilimo zasekwindla kuyadingeka ukhethe ilanga, hhayi umoya, uphakanyisiwe - ungahlushwa ukumiswa komswakama wentwasahlobo.
Imbewu khetha ngokucophelela: thenga izinhlobo ezimelana namazinga okushisa aphansi nokuqhakaza, udinga amahora omfishane wosuku, obonakala ngokuvuthwa kokuqala.
Kungenzeka ukufaka isicelo ngaphansi kwezilimo zasebusika, zombili izinto eziphilayo kanye nomanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, kepha ngaso sonke isikhathi kubhekiselwa esitshalweni ezihlwanyelwe.
Kuyadingeka ukuqala ukutshala lapho izinga lokushisa lizinza kulo lonke uphawu lwe-zero lwe-thermometer, imvamisa lesi yisikhathi seqhwa lokuqala ekuseni. Kodwa-ke, akufanele uphuthume ngokuhlwanyelwa - uma inhlabathi iqina bese ibhula, lokhu kungavusa ukuhluma kwezimbewu bese kuthi ukufa kwazo.
Uma isikhathi siphuthelwa, ungahlwanyela imbewu kumasithwathwa amancane, ungafafazi kuphela ngenhlabathi kusuka emibhedeni, kodwa ngenhlabathi eyomile esele ilungisiwe. Imvamisa yakhiwa ngezilinganiso ezilinganayo zesihlabathi somfula, umquba obunjiwe nenhlabathi engadini evulekile.
Izinga lokutshala imbewu yezilimo zasebusika lenyuka ngamaphesenti angama-25 - 50 maqondana nezincomo ezijwayelekile.
Ukujula kokubekwa kwembewu kuncike kuhlobo lomhlabathi: ekuhlwayeleni okukhanyayo, akhiqizwa ngokujulile ngo-0.5 cm kunokujwayelekile.
Futhi cha izitshalo zasebusika azinamanzi! Kepha kumele zifakwe emanzini amponjwana.
Ayihlwanyela isithombo.
Izitshalo zasebusika
Ukutshala ugarliki wasebusika
Namuhla, kunezindlela ezimbili zokutshala ugarliki wasebusika. Umehluko wabo ulele ekujuleni kokufakwa kwamazinyo, futhi ngenxa yalokho isikhathi somsebenzi.
Indlela yendabuko kusho ukujula kokutshala okungu-3 kuya ku-5 cm futhi kwenziwa amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-3 ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo. Ngokwesifunda esiphakathi lokhu ukuphela kukaSepthemba, eningizimu nasentshonalanga - ukuqala kukaNovemba.
Indlela yesibili - Indlela yokufika ejulile. Kwenziwa ngobuningi bamazinyo we-10 - 15 cm, okuvumela ukuthi uqale ukusebenza kusuka maphakathi no-Agasti kuze kube maphakathi no-Okthoba. Kodwa-ke, kunengqondo kakhulu ezimweni sezulu ezibandayo, ngoba kukhombisa imiphumela emihle lapho.
Kepha ukukhetha indlela yokubamba akukaphumeleli nge-100%. Ngegalikhi, udinga ukulungiselela imibhede kahle. Futhi nakhu umthetho obalulekile ukungafaneleki kokwethula umquba ngaphansi kwesiko, ngoba ifinyelela kulomanyolo ngokukhula okunodlame kwamahlamvu, ukwakheka kwamakhanda axegayo nokuqina kwezifo.
Ukufaka umhlabathi emibhedeni yegalikhi kuyadingeka ngokusebenzisa umquba umgquba obunjiwe kahle (3 - 4 kg nge-sq. M.), Futhi nomanyolo wezimbiwa, isibonelo, i-nitrofoski (20 - 30 g nge-sq. M). Uma inhlabathi ine-acidic - kufakwa ulamula ngaphansi komanduleli, ubumba - ngaphansi kwesihlabathi sokumba. Omile, kanye nenhlabathi yobumba engavuthiwe kagalikhi okhulayo ayifanele.
Ngokutshala, kungcono ukhethe amazinyo amakhulu kunawo futhi anempilo kakhulu wezinhlobo ezibunjiwe. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izinto zokutshala kufanele zifakwe ngesisombululo se-0,1% manganese.
Ukuze kutshalwe ngempumelelo lesi sitshalo, kubalulekile futhi ukuzungeza kwezitshalo. Musa ukutshala ugarlic ngemuva kwe-anyanisi namazambane, ngoba nabo, njengalesi siko, bathanda i-potassium futhi balinyazwa yizifo ezifanayo, futhi ngemuva kwamakhukhamba, amathanga, upelepele, utamatisi kanye nama-eggplant. Uma, noma kunjalo, ugarlikhi otshalwe kugalikhi, khona-ke ngemuva kokuqoqa isivuno esedlule emibhedeni, kubalulekile ukuhlwanyela i-vetch, kulandelwe ngokufaka isisindo esiluhlaza emhlabathini.
Isakhiwo esijwayelekile sokubeka ugarliki embhedeni wengadi ngu-10 × 15 cm.
Ukufika ebusika kuka-anyanisi.
I-anyanisi ebusika isethiwe
Ukusebenza kahle kunikezwa ngokutshala ubusika bama-anyanisi isethi, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezibandayo, lapho kungagcinwa khona kuphela isivuno sangaphambilini, kepha kutholakala isivuno esiphakeme. Amabhule etshalwe ekwindla awathinteki kangako yizimpukane zika-anyanisi, isikhutha esinamandla, kulula kuwo ukhula. Futhi ukuze ugcine okokutshala kuze kube sentwasahlobo, udinga ukuzama kanzima, ngakho-ke ama-sebus athengiwe ahlelwa ngokushesha futhi alungele ukutshala.
Izinsuku zokutshala ze-sevka zihambisane nokutshala ubusika ugalikhi, kodwa uma udinga ukukhetha ukuthi yisiphi isivuno okufanele uthathe okokuqala, khona-ke u-anyanisi ungalinda kancane. Ukukhethwa kwesayithi lokutshala u-anyanisi akuhlukile. Kodwa-ke, imibhede ye-anyanisi yomhlaba kufanele ihlale kahle ngesikhathi umsebenzi uqala, ngakho-ke ilungiswa kusengaphambili amasonto amabili kuya kwayi-3. Izincomo kwabandulelayo azihlukile.
Ukuze isitshalo sika-anyanisi siphumelele, kungcono ukhethe izinhlobo ezikhethekile zasebusika ezihlwanyelwe ekwindla futhi uqiniseke ukuthi ukhetha izinto zokutshala ezinempilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kukhona ukukhetha, kuyadingeka ukutshala izinhlobo ezibukhali - zibusika kahle, ungazidubuli, futhi ngesikhathi sokuvuna zinosayizi ofanayo nalowo ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo.
Ukuhamba ngamasethi, izingxenyana ezi-4 ziyahlukaniswa: nge-cm engu-1 kuye ku-1.5 cm, kusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 cm, ngaphezu kuka-3 cm kuya ku-1 cm (oatmeal). Ngayinye yazo inezimpawu zayo futhi ngenxa yalokho ifakwe ngokwahlukana.
Ingxenyenamba yokuqala (ububanzi kuze kufike ku-1.5 cm) kanye ukwengamela -ukukhetha okuhle kokuhlwanyelwa ubusika, njengoba benganiki imicibisholo, okusho ukuthi banikeza abalimi inkathazo engaphansi. Zidinga ukutshalwa ngokuya ngephethini engu-3 × 15 cm futhi zikhule ukuze zakhe amakhanda ahambelana nezinhlobonhlobo.
Ubukhulu be-sevc ukusuka ku-1.5 kuye ku-3 cm imvamisa isitshalwa izimpaphe zakuqala. Kulokhu, kukhule ngokubekelwa phansi noma ngezidleke - ama-3 bulbs esidlekeni ngasinye.
Amabhuleki angaphezu kuka-3 cm ububanzi abatshala ngokuya ngohlelo 8 - 10 x 15 - 20 cm.
Ukujula kokuhlwanyela kunqunywa ekubalweni kwamasayizi ama-3 e-bulb, kanye no-1.5 cm, noma ukuphakama kwe-bulb ephindwe ngo-3, kanye no-2 - 3 cm we-mulch.
Amahlumela of izaqathe ezihlwanyelwe ekwindla.
Izaqathi zokutshala ubusika
Ibekezelela izitshalo zasebusika kanye izaqathe.
Lapho ulungiselela umbhede waso, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi leli siko lithanda inhlabathi evundile futhi alibekezeleli izinto ezingashintshiwe nhlobo (umbhede otshaliwe ungasetshenziselwa izaqathe kuphela iminyaka emi-2 - 3). Ngakho-ke, umhlaba ongaphansi kwawo usembiwe kahle, umlotha, umanyolo wamaminerali (ngokwesibonelo, i-superphosphate - 20-25 g nge-skwele ngasinye kanye ne-potassium chloride - i-10-15 g) noma umquba ovuthiwe (ama-3-5 kg ngemitha yesikwele) uyangezelelwa futhi, uma inhlabathi iyasinda, kuyengezwa isihlabathi, uma u-acidic - u-lime noma ufulawa we-dolomite. Vumela umhlaba ukuthi uhlale, futhi lapho kuqala amazinga okushisa aphansi (+ 2 ... + 4 ° C) baqala ukuhlwanyela.
Izandulelo u-celery awunakuba ngaphansi kwama-izaqathi, kepha ukhukhamba, amazambane, u-anyanisi, iklabishi kuzokwenza. Ukuze uthole isivuno esiphumelelayo, kukhethwa izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa nokuvuthwa okuphakathi kokukhula, noma izinhlobo ezinikezwe izitshalo zasebusika. Kungcono kakhulu uma imbewu i-granular, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, yomile!
Ngokutshala ubusika izaqathe, izinga lokuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu lenyuka cishe ngama-20 - 25% (lokhu kucishe kube ngu-1 g ngemitha yesikwele), futhi bahlinzeka nokujula okukhulu kwezimbobo - 4-5 cm kanye nebanga phakathi kwama-grooves angama-20-25 cm.
Uma imbewu itshalwe efrijini elincane, imifino imbozwe nge-substrate eyakhiwe ngomumo eyakhiwe ngaphambilini noma ngesivande, inhlabathi engadini ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, umbhede ufakwe emanzini.
Lapho uhlwanyela izaqathe ekwindla, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukutshala kwasebusika kwezilimo kunamanani aphansi wokugcina, ngakho-ke akufanele uthathe izindawo ezinkulu zazo.
Ukuhlwanyela isithombo sebhitrudi ebusika
Ama-beet anconyelwa ukutshala ekwindla ngenxa yesizini ekhula kahle, efinyelela ezinsukwini ezingama-130 kwezinye izinhlobo. Ukutshala kwayo kwenziwa lapho isimo sezulu esibandayo esibandayo siqala ngaso emazingeni okushisa - 2 ... - 4 ° C, lapho kwezinye izindawo zesimo sezulu sesivele saziwa ekugcineni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba. Lapha umthetho omkhulu ngesidingo sokuqagela isikhathi sokuhlwanyela ukuze imbewu ingaqhume, kodwa kudumbe kuphela, uma kungenjalo bazokufa.
Ngokuhlwanyelwa ubusika, izinhlobo ezikhethekile ezingamelana nobandayo, noma izinhlobo zokuvuthwa kwangaphambi kokumelana nokudubula, zikhethiwe. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa yomile, kuya ekujuleni okungaba ngu-3 - 5 cm, kubude obuyi-5 - 10 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye, ngomugqa wesikhala ongama-30 - 40 cm.
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imibhede ivundiswa ngento ye-organic (ama-5 kg nge-sq. M.) Kanye nomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium (15 g nge-sq. M.), uma inhlabathi ine-acidic, engeza ufulawa we-dolomite (5 l nge-sq. M.).
Isibopho se-beets nokujikeleza kwezitshalo. Akunakutshalwa emva kwekherothi, iklabishi, futhi kunconywa ngemuva kwamatamatisi, u-anyanisi, ukhukhamba, amazambane kanye nopelepele.
Ukuze uthole isivuno kusuka emibhedeni ehlwanyelwe ngaphambi kobusika evikini ngaphambili, ama-beet angambozwa ngefilimu futhi asuswe ngokubonakala kokuhluma kokuqala.
Akufanele ukutshala ama-beet amaningi ekwindla, ngoba ayinawo amanani aphezulu okugcina.
Iparsley yasentwasahlobo.
Ukutshala ubusika be-parsley ne dill kanye neminye imifino
Lapho uhlwanyela i-parsley ne-dill ekwindla, kuyadingeka ukunamathela emithethweni efanayo nasebusika izitshalo zezinye izilimo: bamba futhi uvundise imibhede ngaphambi kwesikhathi, uhlwanyele kwisithwathwa esesifikile, ukhulise kancane ukujula kanye nezinga lokutshala, futhi ekugcineni komsebenzi, mulch ndawo nge-substrate eyomile.
Ukuhlwanyela iparsley, zakha izendlalelo ezingama-20 - 25 cm, kanti ukujula kokutshala imbewu yayo kungahluka kusuka ku-1 kuye ku-1.5 cm. Dill ekwindla bavala ibanga elingama-2,5 cm, bashiye ibanga phakathi kwamarowu angama-20 cm. Abandulelayo besambulelo ngeke babe izitshalo zomndeni wabo - i-cilantro, izaqathi, imbewu ye-caraway, i-fennel, kepha kungahle kube khona ukhukhamba, iklabishi, amazambane, ne-zucchini.
Ngaphezu kwe-parsley ne dill ebusika ungahlwanyela: isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi, isipinashi, i-rhubarb, utshani bekhukhamba, iparsnip, isinaphi yesaladi. Njengazo zonke ezinye izilimo zasebusika, zizovuka kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala kwentwasahlobo futhi zizothokozela, zikhumbula ukuthi konke kwenziwa ngendlela efanele.
