I-Asparagus isitshalo sokuhlobisa esingowomndeni wakwa-Asparagus. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-300 ezahlukahlukene kuhlobo. Ezinye zazo ziyadliwa futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ama-asparagus. Ezinye zitshalwa endlini nasezindaweni ezingadini. Cabanga ngesisekelo sokunakekelwa kwasekhaya.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya
I-Asparagus ithandwa ngabatshali bezimbali hhayi kuphela ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo zokuhlobisa, kepha futhi nokuzithoba kwayo. Ukunakekela yena akunzima.
Indawo efulethini
Lapho ubeka, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-asparagus uthanda ukukhanya okukhanya okukhanyayo, noma kunjalo, imisebe eqondile ibekezelelwa kahle uhlobo olulodwa kuphela lwesiko - i-Sprenger asparagus. Abanye badinga ukuvikeleka elangeni eliqondile.
Beka isitshalo endaweni ekhanyayo, kepha ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondileKungcono ukubeka isitsha sesiko entshonalanga noma efasiteleni lasempumalanga noma eduze kwalawa mafasitela kubhasikidi wokulengela noma esitofini sezimbali esikhethekile ukuze kube khona i-tulle emincane phakathi kwewindi nesitshalo.
Uma igumbi liseningizimu, khona-ke kuzodingeka ukuthi ubeke lesi sitshalo kude nehhashi. Ebusika, lapho i-asparagus ingahlupheka ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, kungakuhle ukuthi udlulisele lesi sitshalo usise ezindaweni ezinokhanyo kahle.
Umswakama nokunisela
Ehlobo ngidinga ukunisela isitshalo okungenani izikhathi ezi-3 ngesonto. Ungqimba oluphezulu lwenhlabathi kufanele lube nesikhathi sokoma, futhi phansi lahlala limanzi.
Ebusika, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe, kodwa kunoma yikuphi, inhlabathi akufanele ihlale yomile isikhathi eside, kuyathandeka ukuthi i-substrate ihlala imanzi kancane. Kungcono ukunisela kancane, kodwa kaningi.
Isiko likhetha umswakama ophezulu. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuthi ufafaze isitshalo njalo. Ukufafaza kusiza imifino ukuhlala ihlala inejusi futhi okusha, futhi kunikeze isitshalo umphumela wokuhlobisa.
Futhi, akukuhle kakhulu ukufaka isitsha samanzi eduze nesiko noma ugcwalise ipani lokubhaka ngamatshe amatshe futhi moisturize njalo amanzi ayo.
Naphezu kwesikhathi sohlelo lokunisela, ungavumeli inhlabathi ukuba yomile.Ukushisa nokukhanyisa
Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lomoya kufanele libe ngu-24 degrees. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kufanele lehliselwe ku-15 degrees.
I-Asparagus ayikubekezeleli ukubanda noma ukushisa. Ekushiseni okwedlulele, izitshalo kufanele zifafazwe kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka bese zibiliswa ukukhanya kwelanga. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngu-0 degrees kuyingozi ngokulahla zonke izinaliti.
Isiko likhetha ukukhanya okugqamile. Ukushaya imisebe akufiseleki kuzo zonke izinhlobo ze-asparagus ngaphandle kweSprenger. Ngakho-ke, awudingi ukubeka isitshalo ewindini eliseningizimu, kungcono ukhethe amafasitela asentshonalanga nasempumalanga.
Inhlabathi nomanyolo
Tshala ukukhetha umhlabathi omncane one-asidi. Ingalungiswa ngokuzimela noma ithengwe isilungile esitolo sezimbali. Ekuphekeni okuzimele, kuzodingeka lezi zinto ezilandelayo:
| Umhlaba weHumus | 1 ingxenye (33%) |
| Umhlaba onqobayo | 1 ingxenye (33%) |
| Isihlabathi samalahle | 1 ingxenye (33%) |
Isendlalelo sokudonsa amanzi siyadingeka ezansi kwembiza. Ngale njongo, amatshe amatshe amahle, ubumba olwandisiwe noma isitini esaphukile kufanelekile.
Ehlobo ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa kanye kanye ngesonto, futhi ebusika - kanye ngenyanga. Njengengubo ephezulu, kusetshenziswa izixazululo ezibuthakathaka zamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic.
Ukuthena kwe-Asparagus
Ukuthena kufanele kwenziwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Kuphela amahlumela amadala kuphela lapho kungekho amaqabunga angasuswa. Izihlahla yisisusa sokukhula kwamahlumela amasha.
Ngokuvamile akuthengwa ukuthenwa, ngoba i-asparagus ayikubekezeleli kahle.
Amahlumela ahlanganisiwe bayeke ukukhula kwabo okuqhubekayo. Lesi yisici salesi siko.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinambuzane ezivame kakhulu:
- Isicabucabu;
- Ama-Thrips;
- Isihlangu.
Isikhala sesicabucabu ishiya i-plaque ngohlobo lwama-cobwebs ezansi kweshidi. Udinga ukubhekana nayo ngesixazululo sensipho nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
Ama-Thrips - Lezi izinambuzane ezincane, umsebenzi wazo okuholela ephuzi nasekufeni kwamaqabunga. Yilwa nabo ngama-insecticides.
Empini yokulwa isikali Isixazululo esisebenzayo sotshwala bezokwelapha kanye nama-insecticides.
Isigcabha, ngokungafani nezinye izimuncagazi, kulula ukukubona ngamehlo anqunuUdinga ukuthi uqaphele ngama-insecticides, ngoba i-asparagus ayikubekezeleli. Kungcono ukuzama ukuvimbela ukwanda kwezinambuzane noma ukuzisaphaza masisha kunokufuna ukwelashwa ngale mishanguzo.
Ukushintshwa okungazelelwe kwezinga lokushisa, kanye nomswakama omningi womhlabathi kungaholela ekwakhekeni kwesifo sokukhunta njenge ukubola okungwevu. Lokhu kuzodinga ukwelashwa kwesitshalo ngama-fungicides.
Ukufakelwa
Izinhlobo ezinconyiwe zinconywa ukuthi zitshalwe kabusha minyaka yonke, kanye nabantu abadala - njalo eminyakeni emithathu. Ububanzi bembiza kufanele bube bukhulu khudlwana kunangaphambili, kepha bungabi bude kakhulu.
Ungashintsha kanjani:
- Isitshalo siyasuswa emhlabathini kanye nesigaxa sobumba;
- Umhlaba unyakazisiwe usuka ezimpandeni, izimpande ezonakalisiwe ngokubola ziyasuswa, futhi ezinempilo zincishisiwe kancane;
- Phansi ebhodweni kuyafana ungqimba lwamanzifuthi ngaphezulu kwembiza kugcwele inhlabathi entsha;
- Isitshalo sibekwa ebhodweni, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kahle.
Ukuzala
Ungasakaza isiko ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:
- Imbewu;
- Ukusika;
- Ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Kunezindlela ezintathu zokusakazeka ezitholakalayo kubalimiImbewu
- Hlwanyela imbewu ngokushesha emva kokuqoqwa (kusuka kuJanuwari kuya kuMashi);
- Kwezitshalo umhlabathi ophuma ku-peat nesihlabathi usetshenzisiwe, othathwa ngezingxenye ezilinganayo;
- Umhlabathi umanzi kakhulu;
- Imbewu ibekwa phezu kwenhlabathi;
- Ukusuka phezulu, isitsha esinezitshalo kufanele simbozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu yepulasitiki;
Kuyadingeka ukugcina izilimo emazingeni okushisa angaba ngama-20 degrees endaweni ekhanyayo
- Kudingeka ukuhlwanyela ngezikhathi ezithile khipha umoya;
- Lapho izithombo zifinyelela kubude obungaba ngu-10 cm, zidinga ukufakwa ebhokisini elivulekile;
- Ekuqaleni kwehlobo, izithombo zitshalwa emabhodweni ahlukene, ububanzi bawo kufanele bube yi-10 cm.
Izimbumbulu
- Ukusakazwa ngokusikwa kwenziwa kwentwasahlobo;
- Ukusuka amahlumela aqinile kuyadingeka ukuthi unqume ukusikeka okungaba ngu-10 cm ubude;
- Ukusika kwe-rooting kuyadingeka esitsheni esigcwele isihlabathi;
- Isikhundla esiphakeme embozwe ngopulasitiki;
- Nsuku zonke kuyadingeka ukuze unike umoya wokusika bese uthambisa inhlabathi;
- Izithombo zigcinwa endaweni ekhanyayo emazingeni okushisa angaba ngama-20 degrees;
- Ngemuva kokukhula kwezingcambu, ukusikwa kutshalwe emabhodweni.
Ukwehlukanisa isihlahla
| Isigaba 1 | Inqubo yenziwa entwasahlobo. |
| Isigaba 2 | Uhlelo lwezimpande ludinga ukuhlukaniswa izingxenye eziningi. Inani lezingxenye ezitholwayo lincike ngosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande. |
| Isigaba 3 | U-Delenki otshalwe emabhodweni ahlukile endaweni engaphansi yezitshalo zabantu abadala |
Ubunzima obukhulayo
Abanikazi be-Asparagus bavame ukubhekana ngezinkinga ezilandelayo:
- Ukuphuzi nokuwa kwamaqabunga kuyisizathu sokuntuleka komswakama, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu lomoya, ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ukoma komoya ngokweqile;
- Uma emaphethelweni amaqabunga ephenduka ansundu, i-asparagus ihlushwa ukukhanya okweqile kokukhanya kwelanga kanye nokuntuleka kokunisela;
- Izindawo ezinamaqabunga wombala wokukhanya yilanga;
- Uma amaqabunga agqamile, i-asparagus ukukhanya okunganele;
- Uma iziqu ziphela, kungenzeka ukuthi izimpande zizobola ngenxa yomswakama ngokweqile emhlabathini;
- I-fleecy plaque emnyama esithelweni ibolile grey.
Isizathu esikhulu sazo zonke lezi zinkinga ubuchwepheshe bezolimo obungalungile.
I-Rot ibulala izitshalo zasendliniIndaba
Phakathi kwezinhlobo zamasiko angatholakala izihlahlana, izihlahlana kanye nemikhaba. Kusatshalaliswa isitshalo emhlabeni wonke. Phambilini i-asparagus yayithandwa kakhulu kwezimbali zasendlini nezingadi. Futhi amagatsha awo ayehlotshiswe ngezingoma zesimbali.
Ngemuva kwalokho ukuthandwa kwesiko kunciphile okwesikhashana. Namuhla, i-asparagus iphinde yazuza izinhliziyo zabadwebi bezimbali, ama-florists nabaqambi bemvelo.
Zonke izinhlobo zihlukile ngokubonakalayo. Amacembe esitshalo athathelwa indawo izinaliti ezincane eziluhlaza. Izimbali zincanyana, zinesimo esifanele, zimhlophe. Ekupheleni kokuqhakaza, kwakheka izithelo ezibunjiwe berry ngombala obomvu.
Izithelo ze-Asparagus ubuthi.
Hhayi i-asparagus kuphela eyingozi kubanikazi bayo. Sabeka izitshalo eziyi-10 ezinobuthi kakhulu ekhaya.
Izinhlobo
Inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo ze-asparagus ezaziwa kakhulu. Zonke ziyahlukahluka ngokubukeka.
Cirrus
Lesi isihlahla esiphansi sangesikhathi eside. Iziqu ziyashintsha. Amacembe abunjwe ngenaliti, ubude bawo abudluli ku-1.5 cm. Izimbali zincanyana, zimhlophe. Isitshalo sasendlini blooms kuyaqabukela.
I-Cirrus ehlukahlukene ayicwengi abanikazi bayo ngezimbali zasekhayaNgaphakathi
Ngaphakathi kwakhiwa izinhlobo eziningi zalesi simila, kufaka phakathi i-cirrus. Amacembe enaliti nezithelo ezibomvu noma ezimnyama zinikeza isitshalo umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Cishe akunakwenzeka ukufezekisa ukuqhakaza ezimweni zasekamelweni.
I-Racemose
Lesi yisiko elingakhula lide lifike kumamitha ayi-2. Ama-Shoots akhasa noma ahlebele. Izimbali ezincane zefomu elimhlophe noma eliphinki lama-inflorescence ngendlela yamabhulashi. Izimbali zenzeka ehlobo. Ukubuka kuvame ukusetshenziswa komunye umuthi.
Melloid
Isiko lihlukaniswa amahlumela lelo gatsha ngokuqinile. Imvamisa ikhule njengesiko le-ampel noma eliseduze kwama-pylons. Amahlamvu enesimo sokusaqanda.
Ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obukhulu, ayikhulelwanga egumbini, kodwa ilungele izingadi zasebusika.
Meyer
Lolu uhlobo oluhle kakhulu lwe-asparagus. Amagatsha aqondile, ngendlela yamakhandlela, ama-pubescent kakhulu. Izimbali eziqhakaza ehlobo, izimbali zimhlophe, zinamakha. Ekupheleni kwezimbali, kwakheka izithelo ezibomvu ezikhanyayo.
Okujwayelekile
Buka ehlukaniswa ngeziqu ezindeezinobuso obushelelezi. Kubonakala ngenombolo enkulu yamahlumela, lapho kutholakala khona amaqabunga amaningi e-scaly. Izimbali ziqala ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, izimbali zimhlophe, zincanyana.
Bristly
Leli igama lesibili le-cirrus asparagus.
Ukugula
Lesi sitshalo esikhanyayo, ubude bamahlumela bungafinyelela amamitha ayi-15 ngokwemvelo. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo, le asparagus ibekezelela ukuthenwa kahle. Izimbali ezincane ezimhlophe qhwa zinephunga elimnandi.
Izimbali zenzeka ehlobo. Izinhlobo zivame ukukhula. ezindlini zokugcina izithombo.
I-Asparagus
Lesi isihlahla esinamandla segatsha. Ubude bamahlumela bufika kumamitha ayi-2. Iziqu eziguquliwe zinombala oluhlaza ogqamile. Izimbali zincanyana ngosayizi futhi zimhlophe ngombala. Amajikijolo ane ukunambitheka kwe-citrus.
Superfine
Ngokubukeka, lesi sitshalo sifana nezinhlobo zezimpaphe. Kodwa-ke, amagatsha awo mancane. Ubude bamahlumela bufika kumamitha ayi-1.5. Izimbali zenzeka ehlobo.
Sprenger
Iziqu zinendawo ebushelelezi, embozwe ngamaqabunga amise okwenaliti. Izimbali zimhlophe, zinephunga elimnandi. Iqhakaza ehlobo.
Izinhlobo zeSprenger kulula ukuzihlukanisa kwezinye izinhloboIzimbali nezakhiwo
I-Asparagus blooms kusuka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni. Izimbali zimhlophe noma zibomvana. Zincane ngosayizi, ziqoqwe kuma-inflorescence ngesimo samabhulashi. Banephunga elimnandi. Ekhaya, i-asparagus cishe akuqhakaza.
I-Asparagus iyakwazi ukuhlanza umoya wezinto ezinobungozi, futhi ibhubhise namagciwane we-pathogenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo siqinisa izicubu zamaphaphu womuntu futhi sithuthukisa ukuphefumula.
Ngakho-ke, i-asparagus yisiko elihehayo, elihlobisayo elivame ukusetshenziswa kwezimbali, ekwakhiweni kwezimbali, nasekwenzeni komhlaba. Lesi sitshalo sibonisa ngokunakekelwa okungenasisekelo nokukhululeka kokulungiswa.
