Ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlobo ze-aphid emhlabeni, izinhlobo eziningana zikhethe i-pearl, zenze ukulimala okukhulu esihlahleni. Ama-aphid esephawini - yini okufanele uyihlolisise? - umbuzo ovame ukubuzwa. Kodwa kuyadingeka: kanjani futhi nini ukucubungula i-pearl ukuze iqukethe ama-aphid. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwazi inkathazo "mathupha", izigaba zokuthuthuka nokuzala. Akunakwenzeka ukunqoba ububi bendawo yonke, kepha umuntu ufundile ukubamba izinombolo ngaphansi kwemikhawulo yokulimala okuncane.
Yini esesabisayo
Imvamisa, isihlahla sethanga sihlalwa ngama-apula, ansundu, ama-aphid, aqoka umthombo owodwa wezondlamzimba womjikelezo ogcwele wokuthuthuka. Izinambuzane ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi ama-monoecious. Kukhona ama-dioecious, athi ngesizini athuthele kwezinye izinhlobo zezitshalo ezitshaliwe.
I-Aphid isinambuzane se-cephalopod esingekho ngaphezu kuka-3 mm. Kungaba luhlaza, nsundu, kumnyama, kubomvu. Ekuthuthukisweni, baphasa isigaba sezingane. Umuntu wokuqala uzovela eqandeni elishiywe ekwindla kwesiqu semithi noma emhlabathini isiyingi esiseduze.
Ama-aphid okuqala aqala ukuzala, anikeze inzalo amahlandla ayi-16 ngaphezulu ehlobo. Leli koloni likhula ngokukhula, lidlangile. Umuntu ngamunye olandelayo ubekela amaqanda angama-60. Iziqongo zamahlumela ziyeka ukukhula, amaqabunga ayagoqa abe yishubhu, bese enza indawo yokukhosela ikholoni. Funda ukuthi ama-aphid abukeka kanjani ekhasini eliphakathi esithombeni:
Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, kuvela ama-aphid aphakathi kwe. Kufanele andize kwesinye isihlahla andise lapho. Ekupheleni kwehlobo, ama-aphid, anamaphiko futhi angekho koloni, azovela ku-clutch. Ekwindla, zizofaka izinsikazi, zizalele amaqanda ukuqhubeka nohlobo ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ama-aphid wethanga akaguquki nje kuphela ukwakheka kwesithako seseli, abangele ukuba iqabunga leqabunga lihlume kabusha. Lesi sikhwama, esigcwele ujusi wamaselula, sinikeza ukunyakaza kwamathumbu. Izintuthwane zidla epanini elimnandi, futhi isikhunta sosizi siqala kuso. Umuthi uvinjelwe, i-photosynthesis ikhubazekile. Kepha abancinyane bayandiza. Futhi bangakwazi ukudlulisela leli gciwane kusuka esihlahleni esinegciwane liye kwesinye esinempilo ngamathe. Ungawacubungula kanjani ama-aphid kumapheya ngokuya ngesilinganiso sokuhlala nesikhathi.
Ukuba khona kwenani elikhulu lezintuthwane esizeni kuzokuholela nakanjani ekuvuseleleni kabusha kwe-aphid. Ngakho-ke, umzabalazo wokuhlanzeka kwengadi kufanele ube yinkimbinkimbi futhi uhleleke.
Izinhlobo ze-aphid
Phakathi kwezinhlobo eziningi zama-aphid, izinhlobo ezingama-20 zihlala kumapheya. Bathanda ukunambitheka kwejusi lethanga.
Ama-aphid aluhlaza akahlali nje ezihlahleni zamaparele, kodwa futhi nakwezinye izihlahla zokuzwa. Kusuka entwasahlobo impela lapho kuveza khona amahlamvu obuthakathaka avela emuva. Amacembe asontekile, ihlumela liyeka ukukhula.
Amakhambi we-Folk ayasebenza esikhathini sokuqala. Lapho nje ishidi seligongqelwa ku -hubhu, alunawo uthuli noma ithonsi lomsizi lingene ngaphakathi kulo. Izinambuzane ezingenhla zizobhujiswa, kepha ikoloni libuye libuyele.
I-brown aphid yisidleke sethanga. Iqanda elimnyama elicwebezelayo elinamathiselwe kumagxolo esihlahla. Ubude besinambuzane esidala bungu-2,5 mm. Umbala umnyama omnyama. Ukuvuvukala kusuka ujusi, i-aphid ithatha i-brown hue. Lesi sinambuzane sihlaba amaqabunga eceleni komongo weqabunga. Kukhona ukudumba kwesibungu. Amahlamvu alahlekelwa ukwakheka kwawo nombala. Umuthi uthatha umbala wekwindla
I-aphid yegazi iyisakhamuzi sezulu esifudumele. Ihlala izihlahla zama-apula, eliphakathi kwe. Ukwahluka kwale phasi ukuthi lapho ichotshozwa, uketshezi lubomvu, bese ikoloni lifana nebhola likotolo. Umuntu ngamunye embozwe nge-fluff emhlophe.
Ama-aphid wegazi adla amahlumela, iziqu, izimpande. Indawo lapho inxeba elivela khona oncelayo libonile aliqinisi, kuvela isilonda - isango eliqondile lezifo zokukhunta. Ukuhlasela okungaphezulu kwama-aphid wamagazi yizithombo ezincane, ezikuchitha. Amaqanda we-oviparous hibernate ezimpandeni. Ama-aphid amadala asala lapho. Izizukulwane zesizini 10, owesifazane ngamunye ukhulisa abantu abangama-200. Ehlobo, izintokazi ezinamaphiko zandisa indawo yazo.
Ngakho-ke uphatha kanjani ama-aphid emapheya ukukhulula isihlahla ebubini?
Izindlela zokuvimbela nokulawulwa kwama-aphid
Ngesikhathi sonyaka, umlimi uhlala ehlola ingadi, okuwukudla kwezinambuzane eziningi. Ukwenza izindlela zokuvimbela kungamisa isikhathi sokubukeka kwe-aphid, kunciphise inani, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuyiqeda ngokuphelele ingadi yayo. Ngaphambi kokulwa ne-aphid epanini, kungenzeka ukuvimba ukwenzeka kwayo.
- Amaqanda asebangeni lamahlahla abhujiswa ekwindla sekwephuzile. Amagxolo ahlanzwa ukungcola, imifantu iphathwa nge-antiseptic, ifakwe i-var. Ngemuva kokuthi isihlahla sihlanzwe. Gaya umbuthano wesiqu.
- Ekwindla, amagxolo esihlahla nombuthano wesiqu kuthululelwa ngamanzi ashisayo kakhulu, aze afike kuma-80 degrees. Isenzo sesikhashana. Amagxolo azosinda, amaqanda ezinambuzane azokufa.
- Entwasahlobo, umuthi uvikelekile kuma-aphid akhasa emhlabathini futhi ababambeli bawo, izintuthwane, bebeka ibhande elinamathela esiqwini sesihlahla.
- Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba ama-buds avuleke, izinambuzane ziphatha ama-aphid. Izibungu zokuqala zizoshabalala ngobuningi.
Ukwelapha ngamakhemikhali ngokumelene ne-aphid kungenziwa kuphela ngaphambi kokusethwa kwezithelo nangemva kokuvuna.
Indlela ephumelelayo yokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali prophylactic ibhekwa njengelashwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuvukala kweKinmix, ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ne-Agravertin, nangemva kwesithelo se-ovary - Iskra. Ngemuva kwalokho, amalungiselelo wamakhemikhali asetshenziswa ezimweni ezihlukile.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi yesintu ukwelapha ama-aphid ephakathi kungcono? Izinambuzane, izitha zemvelo zama-aphid - ama-ladybugs, izimpukane zabesifazane, izintambo, ama-aphelin ayagcinwa. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, zinganciphisa kakhulu ikholoni yezinambuzane.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-aphid iyagezwa ngumfudlana wamanzi abandayo, kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kufanele isuswe ngaphansi kwesihlahla, noma ibekwe ngomngcwabo ojulile. Isixazululo sensipho siyasiza - iphakethe lensipho ebhakedeni lamanzi. Ukukhishwa kwe-Ash kunomthelela olimazayo kuzo zonke izinambuzane - izinambuzane. Ukufakwa kwe-anyanisi husks, ugarlic, i-celandine, i-dandelion - zonke izindlela kanye ne-infusions, ama-decoctions anciphisa inani lezinambuzane. Kepha ukukhula kwekoloni kuzoqhubeka uma iqabunga selivele seliyindonda.
Noma eseqede yonke imisebenzi, umuntu ngeke abe nesiqiniseko sokuthi maphakathi nehlobo, ama-aphid ngeke aqhamukele ekhasini eliphakathi.
