I-Araucaria - i-spruce yasekhaya

Indawo okwazalelwa kuyo lesi sitshalo yi-Australia, New Zealand kanye naseNingizimu Melika. Umuthi onethezekile weConiferous ukuphela kweconiferous phakathi kwezitshalo zasendlini. I-Araucaria kulula ukuyikhulisa futhi iyathandeka ekuhlobiseni ikhaya.

I-Chilean Araucaria (Araucaria araucana)

Uhlobo lwe-Araucaria lomndeni wakwa-Araucaria luhlanganisa izinhlobo eziyi-19 e-Australia naseziqhingini zaseNew Guinea, New Caledonia neNorfolk kanye nezinhlobo ezi-2 eMelika. Lezi zihlanganiswa ngamaqabunga aqinile noma omugqa we-lanceolate. Kusatshalaliswa, njengoba sekuphawuliwe, e-Australia naseNingizimu Melika. Imbewu iyadliwa, izinkuni zisetshenziselwa ekwakheni, ekwenzeni ifenisha.

Izinhlobo eziningana zidalwe njengokuhlobisa ogwini lolwandle olumnyama iCaucasus.

I-Araucaria ingelinye lama-conifers angamagagasi angahlala akhula angatshalwa ebhodweni ekhaya. Ukhule njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa amahlamvu. Sebenzisa emasikweni ebhodwe nasezivandeni zasebusika ezitshalweni ze-tapeworm. Ukuqhakaza ngaphakathi kwe-araucaria kunzima. Kukholelwa ukuthi i-araucaria, njengama-conifers amaningi, ihlanza umoya.

I-Araucaria © Lusitana

Izici

Ukushisa: Ngasiphi isikhathi sonyaka, kulesi sitshalo, kubalulekile ukukhetha indawo epholile egumbini, izinga lokushisa elifunwayo ngu-10-12 ° C, izinga lokushisa ngenhla kwe-15-16 ° C isitshalo alibekezeleli, izinaliti ziqala ukuphenduka ziphuzi.

Isibani: Isibani esikhanyayo esikhanyayo, isithunzi esincane esilinganiselwe. Ehlobo, uzizwa engcono ngaphandle emthunzini.

Ukunisela: Lesi sitshalo sidinga ukuchelela okuningana futhi akubekezeleli ukoma kokhilimu wobumba. Akunconyelwe futhi ukuhambisa amanzi kanzima. Ngakho-ke, i-araucaria iniselwa ngamanzi avikelwe kakhulu, imvula noma amanzi abilisiwe.

Umanyolo: Ukondla i-araucaria sebenzisa umanyolo ovamile wamaminerali kumthamo wesigamu, i.e. okuphindwe kabili kunakwezinye izitshalo zasendlini. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa kusuka ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti ngemuva kwamasonto amathathu. Umanyolo we-organic awusetshenziselwa i-araucaria.

Umswakama womoya: Emakamelweni afudumele, isitshalo sidinga ukufafazwa izikhathi ezimbili ngosuku. Inhlabathi ebhodweni imbozwe nge-sphagnum moss, evame ukuthambisa.

Ukufakelwa: Ukufakelwa kwenziwa okungenani kanye ngeminyaka engama-4-5, kuze kufinyelele engxenyeni yesigatshana se-peat equkethe ukusabela kwe-asidi kungafakwa engxenyeni evamile yenhlabathi yezitshalo zasendlini (ezithengiswayo njengomhlabathi we-rhododendrons). Lapho ufaka, zama ukungalimazi izimpande.

I-Araucaria columnaris (Araucaria ikholaris)

Ukunakekelwa

Emakamelweni anokushisa okuphakathi nomoya owomile, i-araucaria ekhulayo inzima impela. I-Araucaria ikhula kahle ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Lapho uthenga lesi sitshalo, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukungahambisani nemibandela yokugcina i-araucaria kungaholela ekufeni kwesitshalo noma isifo saso.

Isitshalo sithanda ukukhanya okugqamile okugqamile, kepha, kusukela elangeni eliqondile ehlobo kungcono ukubopha i-araucaria; ikhula emthunzini Ehlobo ingavulelwa umoya ovulekile, kepha kufanele ivikelwe elangeni eliqondile nasekushayweni kwezulu. Izitshalo zabantu abadala ze-araucaria zifakwe ezindaweni eziqhakazile zamakamelo aphakathi namakhulu. Kungcono ukubeka i-araucaria emakamelweni lapho ukukhanya kuwela kusuka ezinhlangothini ezimbili. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-araucaria izodinga ukujikeleza i-axis yayo njalo - cishe ama-90 degrees ngesonto. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukukhula kwezitshalo ezilinganayo.

Isitshalo sidinga umoya omusha negumbi elipholile. Ehlobo, izinga lokushisa lingaba lokushisa kwamakamelo, ukulunga kungaphakathi kwama-20 ° C. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi ebusika izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lapho i-araucaria likhona lingakhuphuki ngaphezu kuka-14-15 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa elikhulu lingaba ngu-10 ° C.

Kuyadingeka ukunisela i-araucaria unyaka wonke, usebenzisa amanzi axazululiwe. Ebusika, ukuthambisa okulinganiselayo kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi lapho kugcinwa egumbini elipholile, futhi entwasahlobo nasehlobo kuyasebenza kakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi, ukomisa ukoma kobumba kuyingozi kakhulu, noma kunjalo, amanzi akumele neze axege ebhodweni.

Ehlobo, kunconywa ukufafaza izinaliti ze-Araucaria ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi ebusika, emagumbini afudumele, lokhu kumele kwenziwe. Kuyelulekwa ukufafaza i-araucaria kabili ngosuku ngamanzi ahleliwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.

Ngenkathi yokukhula (esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo), ama-araucaria kufanele ondliwe njalo emavikini ama-2 ngomanyolo anokuqukethwe okuphansi kwe-calcium (isitshalo singezwa kahle kuso), kanti nesixazululo somanyolo asibuthakathaka. Ungondla ukumnika kwe-mullein kanye ngenyanga.

Kutshalwe kabusha ngoMashi-Ephreli kanye ehlobo. Izitshalo zitshalwa njengoba kudingekile, lapho yonke inhlama yobumba izoklanywa ngezimpande. Kuphakanyiswa kuphela amasampula akhula ngokweqile, ngoba i-araucaria ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa. I-araucaria enkulu izodinga ukufakelwa njalo eminyakeni emi-3-4. Izimbiza kufanele zithathwe banzi, zibe nesendlalelo esihle sedamu, i-araucaria ekhula emabhodweni amancane ivimbela ukukhula kwesitshalo.

Inhlabathi ye-araucaria iyadingeka ngokusabela okuncane kwe-asidi. I-substrate yakhiwa yi-turf, iqabunga, umhlaba we-peat kanye nesihlabathi (1: 2: 2: 1), noma umhlaba wumbumba we-turf-leaf nesihlabathi (2: 1: 0.5). Ingxube yezingxenye ezilinganayo zezwe ezinqumayo, ezinosawoti nezine-coniferous, i-humus, i-peat nesihlabathi, ngokufakwa kwengxenye engu-0,5 yomhlaba onobumbano, ifanelekile.

I-Araucaria - isitshalo esihle kakhulu sesiko le-hydroponic.

I-Araucaria heterophyllus (Araucaria heterophylla) © Kurt Stüber

Ukuzala

Kusakazwa imbewu futhi isiqu cuttings semi-lignified.

Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokuvunwa, njengoba zishesha ukulahlekelwa ukuqhuma. Kuhlwanyelwa kube munye ezimbizeni ezigcwele inhlanganisela yenhlabathi nesihlabathi, ngokufakwa kwenqwaba yamalahle noma kwiphepha, i-peat, umhlaba we-turf nesihlabathi. Humidify, amboze ngesendlalelo se-sphagnum ngaphezulu, bese ubeka amabhodwe egumbini elinokushisa okungu-18-20 ° C. Futha uphinde ukhiphe umoya ngezikhathi ezithile. Amahlumela avela ngokungalingani, kusukela emavikini amabili kuya ezinyangeni ezimbili. Izithombo ziyagobhoza ngemuva kokuvela kwenqwaba yezinaliti, kepha uma izithombo zitshalekile ngasikhathi sinye ebhodweni, azishwibeka, kodwa zihambe kuze kube yilapho izimpande zesitshalo ziluma yonke inhlama, emva kwalokho zidluliselwe ezitsheni ezinkulu.

Lapho zisakazwa ngemisiko enezinhlaka ezincanyana, zigxila ngoMashi-Ephreli. Iziqongo zesitshalo esidala ezinamabala amancane zinqunywa zibe yizicucu, ezi-3-4 cm ngaphansi kwesiqobelo. Ngaphambi kokutshala, izihlahla ezisikiwe zomile endaweni enomthunzi wosuku. Ngemuva kwalokho lezi zingxenye zihlanzwa ngejusi elinezinhlungu futhi zixutshwe namalahle. Futhi, ngaphambi kokutshala, ukunqunywa kwezihlahla ezisikiwe kungalashwa nge-fementi ekhuthaza izimpande (i-heteroauxin). Ama-cutways atshalwe ukuze abolelwe eyodwa ngasikhathi, ku-substrate emanzi equkethe i-peat nesihlabathi (1: 1) noma umane esihlabathini. Ikhava ephezulu ene-cap esobala (imbiza, ibhodlela lepulasitiki). I-Rooting yenzeka ngokushesha endaweni eshisayo efudumele ephansi. Gcina izinga lokushisa likububanzi obungu-24-26 ° C, njalo ufafaze futhi uvule umoya. Ukuqala kwe-wokusika kwe-araucaria kuyinqubo ende, kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili. Uma izinga lokushisa lapho izingqimba ziqukethwe ziphansi, khona-ke ukubamba kwezimpawu kungathatha izinyanga ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu. Ngemuva kokuthi i-coma ihlanganiswe nezimpande, amajikijolo agxilile atshalwe endaweni esemuva efanele isitshalo esidala.

Ubunzima obungahle bube khona

Ithiphu ye-araucaria idinga ukuphathwa ngokucophelela kakhulu - kukhona iphuzu lokukhula, uma lonakalisiwe, isitshalo siyeka ukukhula okuvamile nentuthuko.

Ezimweni zasendlini, lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi sihlushwa umoya owomile, izinga lokushisa eliphansi ebusika, ukuntuleka kokukhanya.

Ukusuka ekubekweni okufudumele ngokweqile noma ngokweqile kwamanzi, amagatsha ezitshalo angahle afune.

Uma umoya womile kakhulu futhi uswela umswakama, amahlumela aphenduka aphuzi futhi awomile, izinaliti zingawa.

Ngokuntuleka kokudla okunempilo, amahlumela amasha akhula abe mncane.

Ngokweqile kwe-calcium emhlabathini, ukukhula kwesitshalo kuvame ukwehla.

Ukulimala: ama-aphid, ama-mealybugs, angalimala yizilokazane ezithile ze-coniferous.

Izinhlobo

I-araucaria ehlukahlukene noma i-spruce yangaphakathi (I-Araucaria heterophylla). I-Homeland Island - INorfolk. Lezi zihlahla ezinhle ngokubabazekayo ezinomqhele we-pyramidal zifinyelela kumamitha angama-60 mude, ngamagxolo ansundu agqamile. Amagatsha anezimpondo, enwebeka ngama-engeli angakwesokudla esiqwini, enza umqhele we-pyramidal uwonke. Amaqabunga athambile, amise okomhloshana, agobeke kancanyana ngaphezulu, i-tetrahedral, incane, afinyelela ku-2 cm ubude, abunjwe ngenaliti, aluhlaza okotshani, ahlelwe ngokunamandla endaweni eyindilinga. Ngokwesiko, bavame ukudidaniswa nenye inhlobo - i-Araucaria ephezulu (A. excelsa).

Lolu hlobo lwe-araucaria luyisitshalo esidala indawo yasendlini (ngaphakathi, ikakhulukazi emabhodweni aqine, izitshalo zikhula kancane kakhulu kunasemvelweni).

I -araara ehamba ne-Narrow-leavedaria (I-Araucaria angustifolia), noma I-Brazil Araucaria (I-Araucaria brasiliana). Ikhula ezintabeni zaseningizimu yeBrazil. Lezi zihlahla ezinkulu, ezifinyelela kumamitha angama-50 ukuphakama ngokwemvelo. Amagatsha alesi sitshalo mncane, ayabola. Amaqabunga angama-linear-lanceolate, aze afike ku-5 cm ubude, aluhlaza okhanyayo. Ilungele ukukhula emakamelweni, ngoba i-araucaria kuyaqabukela ikhula ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu egumbini nezindawo zokugcina ukushisa.

Ikholamu ye-Araucaria noma araucaria cook (I-Araucaria ikholaris), isatshalaliswa esifundeni esishisayo esiseningizimu neNew Hebrides naseziqhingini zaseSosnovy (New Caledonia). Iziqu (isithombe) zalezi zihlahla ezinhle ziboshwe ngendlela efanayo, kusukela phansi kuya phezulu, zinomqhele omncane, osikhumbuza umqhele wesiphina sephiramidi. Kwakhiwa amagatsha amafushane aqoqiwe ku-whorls futhi asuka esiqwini cishe kuma-engeli angakwesokudla (ku-cypress, amagatsha acindezelwa ngokumelene nesiqu). Esiqhingini saseSosnovy, i-araucaria ebunjiwe njengobumba yakha amahlathi aminyene asogwini, ngokubabazekayo abahambi bokuqala ababeziqhathanisa namakholamu we-basalt noma ngamamentshisi efektri yokubhema. Phezu kwesihlahla, umqhele uvame ukwandiswa. Amatshe we-araucaria ebunjwe yikholomu, afinyelela ku-10 cm ubude, abukeka ngokufiphele ngenxa yeziqongxa zesikali, adonswe entweni ende emile okwama-5-6 mm, egobile phansi.

I-Araucaria yaseChile (I-Araucaria araucana) ayikhulisi eChile kuphela, kodwa futhi nasentshonalanga yeArgentina. IChilean Araucaria isihlahla esikhulu kakhulu, sifinyelela ekuphakameni okungama-60 m ngesilinganiso sobubanzi obungafika ku-1.5 m. Umqhele wezihlahla ezincane ubanzi-pyramidal, amagatsha awo aphansi elele ngqo emhlabathini. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, amagatsha aphansi avame ukuwa. Amagatsha akamuva ezihlahla zabantu abadala atholakala ku-6-7 kuma-whorls, anwebekile ngokuqondile noma kancane alengiswe phansi ezihlahleni ezindala; umqhele uba isicaba-isambulela, sitholakala kuphela phezulu kwesiqu. Amagxolo aqinile, awugqinsi, aphekwe isikhathi eside. Amaqabunga e-Chileara araucaria aqinile, aluhlaza okotshani, aluhlaza okotshani, ahlelwe ngokuqondile, amboza amagatsha kakhulu komunye nomunye. I-Araucaria yaseChile enezithombe, ikhula ezindaweni ezinomswakama, ngokulinganayo okunomswakama, kodwa hhayi okubhukuda, inhlabathi egcwele izakhi zomzimba. Kubuye kubekezelele izimo ezomile, kanye namafrimu amancane. Imbewu enkulu yeChilean Araucaria inempilo futhi imnandi.