Ukutshala okufanele nokulondolozwa kwe-azaleas engadini endaweni evulekile

Emashumini eminyaka edlule, i-azalea yasengadini ibithathwa njengendawo ebamba ukushisa noma isitshalo, kepha vele kule minyaka eyishumi edlule, abalimi ezweni lethu sebeqale ukutshala izitshalo endaweni evulekile. Ukuqhakaza kwesihlahla se-azalea akunakuqhathaniswa - amagatsha embozwe kakhulu ngamahlamvu aluhlaza wesimo esilula noma esimile kanye nemithunzi ehlukahlukene.

Ngabe ivela engadini egcwele azalea?

Ngaphezu kombala omhlophe, opinki, ophuzi, onsomi, obomvu noma owolintshi, kunezinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali ezinemibala ehlukahlukene, enikeza izitshalo ukuhlobisa ngisho nangokwengeziwe. Izimbali eziqhakaza ngokuhambisana nemithetho yobuchwepheshe bezolimo kuthatha amasonto amathathu kuya kwayi-10.

Isisekelo sezinhlobonhlobo ze-hybrid ezingabekezelela ubusika obulinganiselayo be-Central Russian strip endaweni evulekile yiJapan, ethathwa njengesitshalo sezwe lakubo. Amadlozi ezinhlobonhlobo zokushisa abamba ukushisa okuthanda ukushisa kwamaNdiya.

Ukukhetha indawo: indawo evulekile emadolobheni amancane nakwezinye izifunda

Ukutshala isithombo kuqala ngokukhethwa kwendawo efanelekile engadini. Kulabo abanesifiso sokutshala ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, akukho mehluko oyisisekelo. I-Azalea ngeke ikhule endaweni ekhethwe ngokungahleliwe.

Ukukhethwa kwendawo akuxhomekile kangako esifundeni njengaku-microclimate

Lapho udlulisa izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile kufanele ubhekwe izimo eziningana:

• Inani elikhulu lokukhanya liyadingeka ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Ngaphandle kwalokho, isihlahla esikhulile sizoqala ukulahla ama-buds, isikhathi sezimbali sizoncishiswa kakhulu, futhi amaqabunga ayobunta.
• Izinhlobo ze-evergreen zinconywa ukuthi zitshaleke ezindaweni ezinokukhanya okungasasebenzi noma umthunzi oyingxenye.
• Izinhlobo ezinqabile zikhula kahle ezindaweni ezigqamile ngaphansi kombhede wezihlahla ezinkulu, inqobo nje uma izimpande zezitshalo zingaphazamisani. Abalingani bakulungele ngokuphelele yew, thuja, spruce, oki, larch. I-Alder, i-popula, ne-maple ayilungele lo makhelwane - uhlelo lwazo lwempande luthatha umswakama nokudla.
• Lapho ufika eceleni kwezakhiwo, noma yiluphi uhlangothi ngaphandle kweningizimu luzokwenza.

Kuyafaneleka ukuthi unikeze izintandokazi izindawo ezinethingi elingaphezulu kwefulethi, lapho entwasahlobo amanzi engagxilizi ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa.

• Kudinga ukuvikelwa emigqeni yomoya nezinhlaka, azikwazi ukutshalwa ekhoneni lezakhiwo naphakathi kwezakhiwo.
• Kusondele kakhulu echibini lemvelo noma elenzelwe - umoya omanzi uzokwandisa ukuqhakaza futhi ugcine amahlamvu emisha.

Lapho kukhula i-azaleas engadini yentuthuko evamile, izinga lokushisa lomoya phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula kufanele libe ngu-20 + 25 ° С - cishe zonke izifunda zaseRussia maphakathi ziyahambelana nalezi zimo. Ebusika, izinhlobo zegadi ziyakwazi ukumelana nokupholisa ukuya ku-27 ° C, lapho kuneziqandane ezinzima kakhulu, isitshalo sizofa.

Ubusika obubanda kakhulu obujwayelekile enyakatho yeRussia buyingozi ehlahleni

Ukuhlobisa okubukeka kakhulu kokuma kweqembu. Uma usendaweni engadini, ungatshali izinhlobo ezihlala zihlala zihlala ziqinile futhi ziyanquma ngoba izinhlobo ezinde zithatha indawo yendawo, igxilisiwe - umphetho oseduze.

Khetha izitshalo ngokombala wama-buds: inhlanganisela enhle kakhulu iphuzi ngeorenji, nsomi ngombala omhlophe, opinki onsomi, obomvu ngokumhlophe.

Inhlabathi nokutshala

I-Azalea izokhula kahle kuphela enhlabathini evulekile futhi ene-acidic, lapho khona isihlabathi, ubusika kanye nomhlaba we-coniffort ukhona. I-acidity yenhlabathi iyadingeka njalo gcina ku-4.0-4.5. Ngokutshala isithombo, intwasahlobo yokuqala kufaneleka ngaphambi kokuqala kokuhamba koshukela noma ukuqala kwekwindla - isihlahla siba nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande endaweni entsha ngaphambi kokuqala kokubandayo futhi kuvame ukubekezelela ukubanda kobusika.

Ama-azaleas asengadini anezimpande ezingaqondile, ngakho awadingi umgodi ojulile wokubamba. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala izithombo kunama-nuances athile:

• Bamba umgodi wokufika o-0,5 m ukujula no-0,6-0.7 m ubukhulu.
• Phansi komgodi kwakubeka ungqimba lwamanzi olungamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya kwezi-20 ukusuka esihlabathini, ubumba olwandisiwe nezitini eziphukile - luzothuthukisa inhlabathi. Izinto ezenziwe nge-calcareous (itshe elichotshoziwe, imvuthuluka) azithandeki ukusetshenziswa, uma kungenjalo ukwahlukaniswa kwenhlabathi akunakugwenywa, ama-azaleas awakwazi ukubekezelela.
• Hlanganisa umhlaba osuswe emgodini nge-peat, humus nesihlabathi esiqhekekile ukwandisa ukwanda kanye nokubakhona kwenhlabathi.
• Thela inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ungene ungqimba lwamanzi bese ubeka isithombo egqumeni, ulawula izinga lentamo yezimpande - ngemuva kokutshala, kufanele ibe phezulu kancane kunezinga lomhlabathi.
• Gcwalisa ibhola ngempande ngobunono, ugcwale inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo, engeza inhlabathi namanzi uma kunesidingo.
• Galela inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla nge-moss, i-peat, izinaliti zikaphayini noma amagxolo asikiwe - lo mulch uzovikela ukukhula kukhula futhi kugcinwe umswakama onikeza impilo enhlabathini.

Izitshalo ezitsheni zingatshalwa ihlobo lonke, lapho ususa esitsheni, umhlaba akufanele uchithekelwe ezimpandeni. Izithombo ezithengiwe enkulisa noma ezikhungweni zezingadi kufanele ziniselwe kakhulu ngaphambi kokutshala.

Kunconywa kakhulu ukunisela kakhulu isitshalo esithengiwe e-nursery

Ungangehlisela ibhola lempande emanzini isikhashana, kuze kube yilapho ama-Bubble omoya eyeka ukuvela emanzini.

Thenga izithombo esitsheni esikhulu, ubukhulu bawo buhambisana nosayizi wesitshalo sonke - ezitsheni ezincane, izimpande azikhulisi kahle.

Lapho uthenga, chaza izici ze-agrotechnical bese uhlola ukusebenza kwesihlahla: amagatsha awo kufanele aqhamuke, abe nempilo futhi aqine. Isithombo esibuthaka futhi esibuthakathaka ngeke aphumelele.

Ukugqoka okuningi nokugqokwa okuphezulu

Ukuze kuhlanganiswe izihlahla, kusetshenziswa amagxolo kaphayini ochotshoziwe, izinaliti eziwile, udaka olubunjiwe, ubumba olunwebekile oluncane, uhlaka lwenhlamvu noma lwesihlahla (ngaphandle kwesifuba namaphaphu).

I-mulching igcina umswakama emhlabathini, ivimbela ukhula ekukhuleni, ivikela izimpande ezingaphezulu ekushiseni ngokweqile ehlobo nasekuqandeni ebusika. Lapho i-mulching, intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe mahhala.

Ngaphandle kokondla, ngeke kube nezimbali eziningi, futhi nokukhula okujwayelekile kwe-azalea dinga ukudla okwengeziwe. Kufanele kube nokugqokwa okuningana okuphezulu ngesikhathi sehlobo:

• Entwasahlobo yenza ikhambi le-mullein (humus) ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 10.
• Ngesikhathi sokukhula kwe-bud, okuphakelayo okwenziwe nge-mullein kwenziwa ngokufakwa kukamanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium.
• Lapho ama-buds wokugcina ewa, yenza ukugqoka kwesithathu okuphezulu nge-phosphorus ne-potassium ku-1: 2.
• Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa kude ne-0,2-0.3 m ukusuka enkabeni yesihlahla.

Lapho usebenzisa umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi awunazo chlorine ne lime. Futhi, awukwazi ukusebenzisa umlotha wezinkuni - ushintsha i-acidity yenhlabathi, uyinciphise.

Ukunisela, ukhula kanye nesifutho

Ukunisela ama-azaleas kuyo yonke inkathi yehlobo kufanele kube maningi. Indawo yomhlabathi eyomile kancane iyisibonakaliso sokufaka umswakama olandelayo. Nisela isitshalo ngemvula noma ngamanzi axazululiwe, engeza i-citric acid (1 tsp. Ku-2 l wamanzi) kanye ngenyanga kumanzi wokunisela - kukhulisa i-acidity enhlabathini.

Njenganoma yisiphi esinye isitshalo, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi ucabangele izinkathi zonyaka lapho uthambisa isihlahla

Ngokuqala kwekwindla, ukuchelela kuncishisiwe ukuze kungakhuphi ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha angenaso isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokubanda ngaphambi kobusika. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqala ubusika, lesi sitshalo siniselwa amanzi amaningi - ukuchelela ukulayisha amanzi kuzovumela ukuthi iqhwa libekezelele ngokulahlekelwa okuncane.

Ngaphezu kokunisela, i-azalea iyakuthanda ukufafaza - Umoya omanzi uthandeka ezitshalweni zokuhlobisa futhi uyi-prophylactic emelana nezinambuzane ezinambuzane. Kodwa-ke, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, le nqubo kumele ishiywe, kungenjalo kuzokwakhiwa amabala ezimbali ezonakalisa ukubukeka kwesitshalo.

Ungakhohlwa ukhula - kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula udinga ukhula lwamasayithi izikhathi eziningana. Lokhu kuphela kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela ukuze kungalimali izimpande ezingaphezulu ze-azalea.

Ukufakelwa

Ukufakelwa kwenziwa kumgomo ofanayo nowokufika. Isikhathi esihle sokufuduka kusentwasahlobo yokuqala. Njengoba kunikezwe lelo azalea kubhekwe isitshalo somodyKunconywa ukuthi ukhethe usuku olufanele lokufakelwa kukhalenda yenyanga.

Ukudepha kokwehla kumele kugcinwe ezingeni elifanayo.

Eduze kwesihlahla esidlulisiwe, kunconywa ukwenza umugqa we-moss noma umhlaba, kuzosiza ukubamba iqhwa ebusika futhi kuvikele izimpande eziqandeni.

Izihlahla

Ukuhlahlisa izihlahla kwenziwa ngezigaba ezintathu:

1. Entwasahlobo, ukugawulwa kwendle kwenziwa, ukusika amahlumela anezifo futhi omile. Amanye amahlumela awathinti - abeke izimbali eziqhakazile kusuka ekwindla.
2. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali njalo Izimbali ezincolile ziyasuswa.
3. Ngemuva kokuba imiqumbe seyibolile, kwenziwa izihlahla zokusika - iziqu zezimbali ezomile ziyasuswa, amahlumela amade kakhulu asikiwe, amagatsha aqhakaza isihlahla asikiwe.

Amahlumela asele afingqiwe angabi ngaphezu kwe-1/3 yobude bebonke - ngonyaka olandelayo ama-azalea azogatsha athathe isimo sesitshalo esiqabulayo nesiqhakaza kakhulu.

Lapho ugawula isihlahla, sicela wazi ukuthi izinhlobo zokuthena zincike enkathini

Nganoma yikuphi ukuthenwa, izindawo zezilayi zimbozwe nge-varnish yensimu noma noma yimuphi upende osuselwa emafutheni omisiwe. Umsebenzi wenziwa kumagilavu ​​wokuvikela kuya gwema ukucasuka kwesikhumba - ujusi wesitshalo unobuthi.

I-Azalea isho izinhlobo zezitshalo ezikhula kancane futhi ifinyelela ekuvuthweni eneminyaka eyi-3-4 ubudala. Ngakho-ke, izihlahla ezincane azakhi, kepha zifeza izihlahla zokuhlanzeka kuphela.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ingadi ingahlushwa izifo zokukhunta nezinambuzane. Kwezifo, ukugqwala, iqabunga lendawo, ukubola kuvame kakhulu. Empini yokulwa nezifo, ukufafaza nge-fungicides noma i-sulfate yethusi kuyasebenza.

Njenge-prophylaxis yezifo, kunconywa ukuthi uphathe izihlahla okungenani kanye ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqhakaza ne-Oxechom noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza ngesisombululo seFundazole.

Izinambuzane ezingaba khona
Ama-aphid	Bazofika bezosiza izixazululo zezinambuzane - Siza ukuqeda izinambuzane eziphazamisa ukukhula okuphelele nokukhula kwezitshalo
Ukujija okumnyama
Isikhala sesicabucabu
I-Mealybug
I-Whitefly

Amacembe aqhakaza esihlahleni se-azalea, umbala wawo ophuzi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, akhombisa isifo esivelayo - i-calcareous chlorosis. Iphathwa ngokungeza izixazululo ngaphansi kwesihlahla ukusiza ukwandisa i-acidity yenhlabathi:

• itafula noma uviniga we-apula - 100 ml ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
• i-citric noma i-oxalic acid - 2 tbsp. l ku-10 l wamanzi.

Ukunisela isikwele esingu-1. m. 10 l wesisombululo sizodingeka. I-Peat (1.5 kg nge-1 sq. M) ifanelekile njenge-acidifier yenhlabathi.

Ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza

Imvamisa abalimi babhekene neqiniso lokuthi ingadi i-azalea ayiqhakaza. Kunezizathu eziningana zalokhu:

• i-alkali noma inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi;
• ukuntuleka kokukhanya okungonakalisiwe;
• ukuntuleka komswakama;
• izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakeme;
• ukungondleki okwanele noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukugqokwa phezulu okuningi nokuningi.

Uma zonke izidingo zokutshala nokunakekela isitshalo ziyahlangabezana, ziyojabulisa ngokuqhakaza nokuqhakaza okude.

Ukuzala kabusha: Ukukhula komgwaqo okwenzeka emigwaqweni hhayi kuphela

Pripagate engadini imbewu ye-azalea, ukusikwa, ukubekwa kanye nokuhlukaniswa kwesihlahla.

Ukukhetha indlela yokuzalanisa kuya ngokuthi ufuna ukuthola umphumela ngokushesha kangakanani

Indlela elula iwukuncika ihlumela eliseceleni komhlabathi, ulilungise ngocingo, ulifafaze ngomhlaba futhi ulithele njalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kuzothatha izimpande, futhi intwasahlobo elandelayo isihlahla esincane singasehlukaniswa esitshalweni sikamama.

Hlukanisa izihlahla ngomthambo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza kokuthambisa. Ngosizo lwento ebukhali (i-scapula, i-spatula), ingxenye yesihlahla ihlukaniswa futhi idluliselwe endaweni entsha. Ngaso leso sikhathi, isihlahla sikamama kufanele sibe nohlelo lwezimpande olwakhiwe kahle nezimpande eziningana ezinempilo.

Ukusakazwa ngokusikeka kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-1.5 kuye kwezingu-4 kusukela esikhathini sokusika izihlahla ezisikiwe zisuswe ekuzimiseleni kwazo. Ukuthola umphumela, udinga ukulandela izincomo zabalimi abanolwazi:

• Sika ukusika okungama-10 cm ubude.I-apical bud futhi khipha amaqabunga aphansikushiya amaqabunga angama-2-3 enempilo.
• Izilayi ziphathwe nge-stimulator yokukhula. Sika izingcezu ezisikwe ku-2-3 cm ezimbizeni noma izinkomishi ezigcwaliswe ngengxube ye-peat nesihlabathi. Nyakazisa inhlabathi.
• Mboza izinkomishi ngamabhodlela epulasitiki nge-cut cut ukwenza i-mini-greenhouse. Isonto ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, qala umoya omncane ngokukhipha izembozo nsuku zonke noma ususe izembozo imizuzu engu-10-15.

Ukwakha izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezincane kusiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele.

• Ukuze ubambe kahle impande, gcina ukushisa komoya okungu-20 + 24 ° С namanzi lapho kunesidingo, ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ukukhipha amanzi amaningi kumaphallet.
• Ngemuva kokufaka izimpande, faka izihlahla zokusika ungene esitsheni ngomhlabathi ovundile we-acid.
• Ngemuva konyaka, yeka phansi endaweni ehlala njalo engadini.

Ukusakazeka ngokusika yinqubo enzima futhi ende, kepha inezinzuzo zako. Uma umakhelwane ezweni enquma ukusika ezihlahleni zakhe, uzobona ngokushesha ukuthi iziphi izimbali eziqhakaza engadini yakho eminyakeni engu-3-4.

Indlela yokusabalalisa imbewu ayisebenzi nhlobo abalimi - ngale ndlela yokukhiqiza kabusha, kuzodingeka ulinde isikhathi eside ukuqhakaza okuqala.

Abathandi bezitshalo ezikhulayo ezivela ezinhlanyweni bangazama ukuzihlumahlela lapho kufudumele kwangaphakathi okuthola umoya ngokubuka umswakama ongaphansi komhlaba.

Ukulungiselela ukunakekelwa kwasebusika nasentwasahlobo

I-efihlekile yonyaka olandelayo ibekwe ekwindla. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ngesikhathi sasebusika ukuze kulondolozwe lesi sitshalo sisisize sisinde kuqhwa.

Ngaphandle kokuqina kwe-hardness yasebusika okuhle kwezinhlobo eziningi, kuthembeke ngokwengeziwe ukumboza isihlahlana sasebusika ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ama-buds wezimbali, amagatsha amasha nezimpande ezingaphezulu kwazo zigcinwa ziphilile:

• Ngemuva kokunisela okulayisha amanzi, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ifakwe ugqinsi olunobukhulu obungama-5- 10 cm. Ngaphansi kwe-azaleas ende, ungqimba lwe-mulch lungandiswa lube ngama-30 cm.
• Amagatsha ezinhlobo eziqabayo agobeka kahle emhlabathini futhi ucingo luboshwe. Benza indawo yokukhosela enezingqimba eziningi kusuka kumakhadibhodi enezinwele, izinto zokumboza ne-lapnik.

Lapho uhlela ukuvikela ubusika, kusetshenziswe i-polyethylene nezinye izinto ezi-airtight, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-buds kanye namahlumela ayohlangana futhi abole.

• Ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlala ziluhlaza, ifreyimu yenziwa kuqala, efakwa ngaphambi kokuba imakhaza, isembozo sidonswa kuhlaka kuphela kuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo.

Ungasebenzisi izinto ezingavumeli umoya ukuba udlule, ngaphandle kwalokho isihlahla sizobola

Uhlaka lufakelwe ngezinto eziqinile noma ngezinto eziphahla ophahleni ukuze phakathi kwezindonga zesiphephelo nesihlahla kukhona ibanga elingama-20-25 cm. Ukususa umswakama ngaphansi kwesakhiwo isitaki sehose nezimo, elinye ukuphela kwalo elikhiqizwayo.

Ngokuqala kwezinsuku zokuqala zasentwasahlobo, musa ukushesha ukuvula izihlahla ze-azalea, udinga ukulinda ukuncibilika ngokuphelele kwesembozo seqhwa esizeni. Izitshalo ezilunyulwe ebusika ukusuka ekukhanyeni kwelanga kufanele zijwayele kancane kancane imisebe entwasahlobo, zizivule kafushane ekuseni futhi zikhulise isikhathi.

Izitshalo zibekezelela ubusika ngokwehlukile futhi zidinga ukuphekwa ngendlela efanele. Isibonelo, kunenqubo yokulungiselela i-gloxinia ebusika kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.

Isikhathi sokuqala kungcono ukuvula ama-bush ngosuku olunamafu.

I-Azalea isitshalo esifuna imigwaqo. Udinga ukudala izimo ezithile lapho ezozizwa ezimnandi ngaphansi kwazo. Ukuphendula, isihlahla sizobonga inani elikhulu lezimbali, ezijabulisa isikhathi eside. Ngokutshala kanyekanye kwezinhlobo eziningana zama-azaleas anezikhathi ezahlukahlukene zezimbali, ungajabulela isiphithiphithi semibala kulo lonke ihlobo.