I-broccoli enempilo futhi inempilo ngokubukeka ifana nekholifulawa, kodwa iyahluka ngombala, ukunambitheka kanye nokuhlelwa kwama-inflorescences ekhanda. Umkhiqizo wokudla omuhle kakhulu ukhula kalula epulazini ngezandla zakho, izinzuzo zomzimba zanda kuphela uma ungazifaki ngomanyolo ne-chemistry.
Izinhlobonhlobo ze-broccoli azethulwanga ngemvelo, kepha zingumphumela womsebenzi wabazalisi ekuqaleni kweminyaka eyi-6-7 BC emazweni aseMedithera. Le nhlobo ye-asparagus ibilinywe amakhulu eminyaka eRoma yasendulo; iwela ngaphesheya kwemingcele ye-Italy ngemuva kokufakwa kwayo eByzantium, lapho kuthunyelwa khona imbewu ye-broccoli emhlabeni wonke. Igama elithi broccoli lithatha olimini lwabantu bomdabu base-Italy, okusho ukuthi "igatsha eliqhakaza leklabishi". Ngemuva kokusakazeka emhlabeni wonke, kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-asparagus yase-Italy, bese amaJalimane ayinika igama lesidlaliso lekhanda elinsundu.
Izinzuzo Zokudla Okunesondlo
Inani lokudla komsoco likubeka endaweni ethile ngokudla kwamaprotheni, njengenyama. Amaprotheni agcwele ngokuphelele kanye nenani elikhulu le-fiber, okuyingxenye yeklabishi kufaka isandla ekuswelisweni komzimba okusheshayo, izinto zephuka kalula futhi zimunwa ipheshana lesisu. Ngiyabonga ephezulu ku-Vitamin U, umkhiqizo ulwa ngokuqinile nesilonda esiswini, isilonda se-duodenal kanye ne-colitis.
IBroccoli ikhombisa umphumela we-antioxidant emzimbeni, ngenxa yamandla okubopha ama-radicals mahhala futhi uwalethe ngaphandle komzimba womuntu. Lesi sici senza lesi sitshalo sibe ngomunye wemikhiqizo eyaziwayo futhi efunwayo emakethe yaseYurophu. Imifino ithola ukuthandwa njengengxenye ephelele yokudla okunempilo.
- Ngokuqukethwe kwe-ascorbic acid (uvithamini C), i-broccoli ithatha esinye sezikhundla eziphezulu phakathi kwemikhiqizo yezitshalo. Umzimba uthola imvithamini ejwayelekile nsuku zonke, uma umuntu edla kuphela ama-100 g yemifino, lokhu kwanele ukusekela ukungasebenzi komzimba.
- Okuqukethwe kwe-calcium ephezulu (i-4.5%) yevolumu kuqinisa izicubu zamathambo, ukuxazulula inkinga ngama-cramps, futhi kugqugquzela ukukhula okusebenzayo kwezinwele namazipho.
- IVithamini A ikhulisa umbono futhi ithuthukise isimo sesikhumba, iqukethe u-12,5% eklabishi.
- I-Iron, equkethe i-4,5% emkhiqizweni, inyusa i-hemoglobin, inciphise ukuqina kwegazi, ngaleyo ndlela ipholise i-vascular thrombosis.
- Ngaphezu kwalawa mavithamini abalulekile eBloccoli, amavithamini B1, B2, B6, K ayatholakala, ama-folic acid, ama-amino acid aqukethe.
- I-Potassium, i-phosphorus, i-sodium, i-magnesium, i-selenium, i-iron, i-zinc, i-manganese nezinye izinto ezilandelwayo yenza imifino ibe ngompetha bangempela phakathi kwemikhiqizo enempilo.
Ukudla kokudla
I-100 g ye-broccoli iqukethe kuphela i-0,3 g yamafutha, le mali uyibeka emikhiqizweni eminingi yokudla yokunciphisa umzimba. Imifino ayiqukethe amafutha ahlanganisiwe, a-polyunsaturated, nama-monounsaturated ne-cholesterol. Okuqukethwe kwekhalori kwengxenye ekhonjisiwe kungama-34.2 k / kilojoule. Ama-carbohydrate enza i-2.2%, i-fiber isesilinganisweni se-10.3%, amaprotheni - u-10.4%.
I-broccoli ebilisiwe ebilisiwe, ethosiwe futhi enosawoti isithandwa kakhulu ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okuhlose ukunciphisa isisindo somzimba. Ngokudla okwenziwe ngemifino, kufakwa ezitsheni ezahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yokuqukethwe okubalulekile kwe-beta-carotene (i-proitamin A), le mifino iba yisibalo sokudla kwezempilo, okusetshenziswa ku-cosmetology, njengokudla kobuhle.
Ukuqapha kuyasetshenziswa
Odokotela abakukhuthazi ukupheka nge-broccoli ye-gastritis ene-acidity ephezulu. I-pancreas engasebenzi kahle futhi ayemukeli lo mkhiqizo, ukukhuphuka kwe-asidi yemifino kudala ubunzima besifo. Awungeke usebenzise i-decoction lapho iklabishi liphekelwa ukupheka, inani elithile le-guanine yento eyingozi lingena kuyo, okubangela ubuthi obuthakathaka bomzimba.
Izinhlobo ze-broccoli
Uhlobo olungajwayelekile lwe-broccoli, olwakhiwa inani elikhulu lezigaxa zemifino ezihlelwe endaweni eyindilinga, luyenza idume phakathi kwabathengi. Inhlobonhlobo iklabishi ngalinye lihlukile ngombala, kwabantu kanye nesivuno.
Amabanga okuqala
Izinhlobonhlobo zamavithamini zibhekisela ekuvuthweni kokuqala, ngoba isivuno kuvunwa izinsuku ezingama-75-92 kusukela ekubonakaleni kwezithombo. Kudinga ukuhlanzwa okusheshayo, ngoba amakhanda weklabishi ovezwe embhedeni asheshe akhulule futhi athole ukubukeka okungathengiseki. Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngombala ogcwele satjani ogcwele phezulu, ama-inflorescence amboze kahle isiqu. Ikhanda elivuthiwe linesisindo esingu-120-260 amagremu, ukusika izithelo eziphakathi akusiphelisi isivuno, emva kwalokho amakhanda emagatsheni akamuva akhula.
I-hybrid evumayo ephezulu enikeza isivuno sokuqala Laser F1. Amakhanda amakhulu anesisindo esingamakhilogremu, aminyene, aluhlaza. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinzima kakhulu, azesabi isimo sezulu esibi, kungenzeka ukukhulisa izinhlobo zezinga lokushisa eliphansi lesikhathi sasemini.
Izinhlobo ze-Curly Head zingenye yezinhlobo zokuqala ezithela izithelo izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokuvela ebusweni. Kuboniswa ukukhuphuka kabusha kwamakhanda asebusweni ngemuva kokusika isibeletho sokuqala esimaphakathi. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinhle zokukhula ezimweni ezingezinhle, zamelana ngokuqinile nezifo ezaziwayo ze-broccoli. Ubunzima ekugcinweni kwesitoreji ngaphandle komonakalo.
Enye ukuvuthwa kokuqala kukaKhesari ngesivuno esihle. Ligcinwa kahle ngemuva kokuqoqwa, libekezelela isimo sezulu kanye nokuhlaselwa kwezimbungulu, ikhanda leklabishi elimnyama eliluhlaza enesisindo kusuka ku-650 kuya ku-1000 amagremu.
To izinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa, ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezivamile, faka amagama:
- IVyarus, umbala ungwephuzi-luhlaza, inobuningi obukhulu, amaqabunga angama-bubbly akha irosette eqondile, inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu;
- Green Sprouting ukungaguquguquki obukhulu, izinhlobo ukumelana;
- I-Emperor F1 iyavuthwa ngosuku lwe-80, amakhanda amakhulu aluhlaza amnyama anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-1000 futhi anombala omnyama;
- I-Comanche - inhlobonhlobo engamelana nokutshalwa kulwazi nasikhathi sezulu esibandayo, ngokufanayo inikeza isivuno, noma ngabe isimo sezulu sinjani;
- AmaCorvent F1 aqhakaza ekuseni kakhulu futhi anikeze isivuno izinsuku ezingama-75-80, amakhanda wokuhlukahluka aluhlaza onesithunzi esimpunga, onesibindi sokukhathalela, ukhula ngaphandle kokhula nokuncipha;
- ISummee King, lapho ikhule endaweni ebanda kakhulu, inikeza amakhanda iklabishi kamuva, iba nesivuno esihle;
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeFiesta ziletha izithelo ezimnandi; lapho zikhule zisesimweni esibi, azithuthukisi amagatsha alandelana.
Mid-isizini Broccoli
To izinhlobo zaphakathi nesizini zifaka izinhlobo iklabishi, ukuvuthwa ngosuku lwe-90-105 ngemuva kokuvela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi:
i-Gnome ehlukahlukene yaphakathi nesizini enekhanda elincane, enesisindo esingadluli kuma-500 amagremu, yakha amagatsha anezithelo ezintsha ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-200, ukulinyelwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile nasezingeni lokushisa lomoya elibandayo;- izinhlobo eziminyene zeCalabrese zinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-400 futhi zikhule ezimweni ezibandayo;
- ULinda unokunambitheka okumangazayo, izithelo eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka zinesisindo esingu-300-450 amagremu, zakha amakhanda amaningi aseceleni;
- I-hybrid yaseMonterey kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi ibe ngezinhlobo eziphakathi sekwephuzile, inendawo engajwayelekile enamakhanda ngombala oluhlaza grey, izithelo ezivuthiwe zinesisindo esingamagremu angama-500 kuye kwangama-1900, zikhula kahle futhi zikhule esimweni sezulu esingesihle, aziwakhi amagatsha ngemuva kokuthenwa kwe-apex yokuqala;
i-Gnome ehlukahlukene yaphakathi nesizini enekhanda elincane, enesisindo esingadluli kuma-500 amagremu, yakha amagatsha anezithelo ezintsha ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-200, ukulinyelwa kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile nasezingeni lokushisa lomoya elibandayo;Muva kancane i-broccoli
Lokhu kufaka izinhlobo zeklabishi, izinhloko zazo ezingagawulwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-110 kuya kwezingu-15 zokuvuthwa, ukulima kwabo kuvame kakhulu kunezinhlobo zokuqala zokuvuthwa nokuphakathi kokuvuthwa:
- ukuvuthwa okufika sekwephuzile kwele Continental okunendawo enobukhulu bekhanda, okuluhlaza okotshani, okunesisindo esingamagremu angama-550, kunambitheka kahle;
- Izinhlobonhlobo sekwephuzile uLucky F1 uletha isivuno ngaphambi kwezinsuku ezingama-110, izithelo zihlala isikhathi eside, isitshalo sibekezelela isimo sezulu esibi.
- IMarathon F1 inenhloko enkulu, enesisindo esingama-1 kg nesokhethi eliphakanyisiwe.
Izithombo ezikhulayo
Ngokukhula kwe-broccoli, isikhathi esihle kakhulu sisekuqaleni kukaMashi. Batshala imifino ngezindlela eziningana, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha izithelo eziqhubekayo. Uma maphakathi no-Ephreli noma uMeyi uqokwa njengesikhathi sokutshala, khona-ke imbewu ihlwanyelwa enhlabathini futhi ingasebenzisi izithombo.
Ngaphambi kokukhula kwezithombo qaphela ukwelashwa kwembewu. Okokuqala, ukuhlela kwenziwa, ukuhlukanisa amasampula amakhulu, asebenzayo. Imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo se-potassium permanganate ihora elilodwa, ifakwe kabusha endaweni yokuvuselela ukukhula, bese idonsa umoya kuze kube yilapho isomile. Imbewu yokuphatha ibonakala ngokuhluma okuthuthukile, futhi amahlumela amancane akhula kangcono. Esitsheni esijulile, imbewu zingcwatshwa enhlabathini nge-1 cm. Izithombo ziniselwa ngamanyolo ancibilikile aqukethe i-molybdenum nesibabule.
Ngemuva kokuvela kweqabunga lesihlanu kuhlumela oluhlumile, izithombo zidluliselwa ngokucophelela zingene enhlabathini, ngokwesikhathi sokutshala emhlabathini kuyahambelana nokuqala kukaMeyi noma ukuphela kuka-Ephreli. Imbewu itshalwe enhlabathini embozwe kahle. Uma kunosongo lwamafrimu entwasahlobo, iklabishi lizobekezelela ngesithunzi, ngoba cishe zonke izinhlobo azesabi amazinga okushisa aphansi uma esekhulile. Izitshalo zitshalwe embhedeni ibanga elingama-50-55 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye phakathi kwemigqa kuya kuma-30 cm komakhelwane.
Ukuhlwanyela i-broccoli ngqo enhlabathini
Lapho ihlwanyelwa emhlabathini, imbewu yahlukaniswa ngaphandle kwenye nenye izithombo, ngaphandle kokukhulisa ukutshala, ukuqunjelwa kuholela esivuthweni esimpofu nesibuthakathaka. Musa ukungcwaba imbewu engaphezu kuka-2 cm emhlabathini, oswakanyiswe kahle esimweni esimanzi. Ngemuva kokunisela, imbewu ngayinye etshaliwe imbozwe ngesiqukathi seplastiki esisikiwe esingafinyelela ku-5 l. Bayihlanza lapho ihluma ngalinye 4-5 amacembe akhula.
Ukunisela izitshalo
Zonke izinhlobo zeklabishi zithanda inhlabathi enomswakama ne-broccoli nayo iyimbi. Nisela imifino ngosuku, uma kungenzeki ukuba njalo kusayithi, khona-ke lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngokucophelela okungenani kanye ngesonto. Okuphumelela kakhulu ekukhuleni yihlobo elinamafu nelinethayo. Ukunisela kwenziwa kusihlwa, lapho ilanga licashe ngemuva komkhathi, ngaphandle kwalokho amaqabunga ayabola. Ngezinsuku ezinamafu ngaphandle kwelanga, nisela usuku noma izitshalo zokufafaza.
Ukondla
Ukunakekela i-broccoli kubandakanya izigaba ezimbili zomanyolo kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula esikhathini sokukhula. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuyizidingo zokuqala zokutshala isivuno esicebile. Izithombo, etshalwe emhlabathini, okokuqala ukondliwe emva kwezinsuku eziyi-14-15, ukuze usebenzise umanyolo isixazululo somquba (mullein). Thatha ingilazi eyodwa noma amagremu ama-200 omquba nge-10 wamalitha amanzi, engeza isipuni se-urea. Izitshalo ezikhule ngqo emhlabathini, zondla okokuqala ezinsukwini ezingama-20 ukuya kwezi-21 kuphela ngemuva kokuvela kwezithombo ngaphezulu kobuso bomhlaba.
Ukugqoka kwesibili ephezulu kwenziwa ngesixazululo somanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus, kuxutshwe ngokwemiyalo yethuluzi. Lesi sigaba sokufaka isicelo somanyolo asiphuthelwa, ngoba ngenxa yokuntuleka kwe-phosphorus, amakhanda eklabishi akhula amancane. Umanyolo wesibili usetshenziswa ezinsukwini eziyi-15-21 emva kowokuqala. Uma wenza okunye ukondla ekugcineni kwehlobo, bese uzama ukufaka okungenani i-nitrogen, ukhumbula ukuthi ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus ne-potassium kuthinta umkhiqizo. Kungcono ukuthenga umanyolo owenziwe ngomumo ezitolo ezikhethekile.
Ukhula lweBroccoli
Ukunakekelwa kwezihlahla kudinga Ukhula njalo nokukhulula inhlabathi. Ngemuva kokunisela ngakunye, kuphoqelekile ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze isitshalo, ngasikhathi sinye isuse ukhula olungadingekile. Susa ngokuphelele amahlumela onke, ngoba ukuvimbela impova ne-broccoli nezinye izinhlobo zamaqembu weklabishi akuvunyelwe. Lokhu kufaka isikhwama se-colza nesamalusi. Umbuso ofanele wokushisa ofanele ukukhula kahle ubhekwa njengo-15-25 ° C. Uma kwenzeka iqhwa liqhuma, khona-ke ukuhamba kwawo kwesikhashana kuvunyelwe futhi izinga lokushisa alingehli ngaphansi kuka-5 ° C. Uma kunokusongela kokuphola okukhulu, khona-ke amakhasi eklabishi ngaphambili, ngokuhambisana nesibikezelo, ambozwe ukufudumeza.
Ukuvula nokuvuna
Isikhathi sokusika amakhanda sincike ekucaceni kwezinhlobonhlobo, isikhathi sokutshala nokunakekela isitshalo. Ukuvunwa akukwazi ukubambezeleka unomphela. Uma isibeletho esimaphakathi singagawulwa ngesikhathi, khona-ke amagatsha asebusweni nikeza amakhanda angeziwenezimbali ngokwakhiwa okulandelayo kwama-pods (izithelo ezinembewu). Uma imigomo yokusika ikhanda eliphakathi ingaphuthelwa, khona-ke izithelo ezintsha zesilinganiso esincane nesisindo zinqunywa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili. Gcina amakhanda weklabishi ngaphandle kokupheka isikhathi eside. Babekelwe isikhathi esiyizinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokupheka noma iqhwa.
Ngenxa yalokhu, singasho ukuthi ukukhulisa nokunakekela i-broccoli akudingi mzamo omkhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba kubuyiswa imifino emnandi kakhulu, enempilo nenempilo.
