Le nganekwane yaziwa kabanzi e-East Asia. Ukhuluma ngokuthi zembulwe kanjani izimangaliso zembali ye-hibiscus kumuntu.
Ekhathele indlela ende enqamula ehlathini, isihambi esaphambuka endleleni sahlala phansi ukuze siphumule. Wayelambile futhi ekhathele womile. Ehlala phakathi kwezihlahla namakati, waqala umlilo. Kuthela amanzi ebhodweni, waphupha ukuthi onkulunkulu babezomthumela ukudla. Ngokuphazima kweso, endaweni ethile ngenhla, izimbali eziningana ezibomvu zawela ebhodweni, zagcwala amanzi ngombala obomvu obomvu.
Isihambi sazama ukuzama itiye, okwamangalisa ukuthi kube elimnandi futhi elimnandi. I-sip ngayinye yayimnika amandla amaningi. Isiphu esisha sibuyise umuzwa wobungqabavu. Eshiya ihlathi, umhambi wahamba nalezi zimbali ezinhle ngekusasa. Wabahambisa kubantu bakulezo zindawo ezahlangana endleleni, wakhuluma ngezimangaliso zesiphuzo. Sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela izindaba zetiye zeHibiscus zisakazeka emhlabeni wonke.
IHibiscus (Hibiscus).
IHibiscus (IHibiscus) - uhlobo olubanzi lwezitshalo zomndeni uMalvaceae (Malvaceae) Ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi kwezinhlobo eziyi-150 kuye kwezingama-200-220, eminye imithombo ikhombisa ukufika kuma-300. IHibiscus itholakala inyamekile futhi ilinywe. Kakhulu izihlahla nezihlahla. Amakhambi aseNyakatho nawonyaka ayatholakala. Kusatshalaliswa Emhlabeni Omdala Ntsha, ezindaweni ezingaphansi nakwezindawo ezishisayo. Zihlukaniswa abalimi esimweni sezulu esishisayo sezwekazi.
Amaqabunga acishe afane noma ancishisiwe, abekwa eceleni. Izimbali zezinhlobo eziningi ze-hibiscus zikhulu, zikanokusho, ezinama-corollas anemibala egqamile. Izithelo ezisesimweni sebhokisi, ziqhekeza zibe ngamaqabunga ama-5, ziqukethe inqwaba yembewu, egqoke ngefluff noma imicu, noma ibushelelezi.
ISoutheast Asia ithathwa njengendawo yokuzalwa ye-hibiscus, kepha ikhula ngokukhululeka e-Afrika naseMelika. EMelika, akha amathanga onke, ambozwe ngesimbali ngezimbali, emameleni amanzana nezikhukhula. Ngothando lwabo olukhulu lomswakama, babizwa ngokuthi “marsh mallow” lapho. EHawaii, i-hibiscus ithathwa njengesitshalo sezwe, esibizwa ngokuthi "imbali yabesifazane abahle." EBrazil, i-hibiscus iyakhula, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ezibizwa ngokuthi “amacici enkosazana”. Ihlukanise amacembe kanye ne-peduncle ende, lapho igudla kamnandi, ifana necici elinenjabulo.
IHibiscus ezindaweni zokukhula kwazo ayisebenzisi kuphela ukuhlobisa. Amahlamvu amancane kanye namahlumela kudliwa njengemifino. Imbewu, amaqabunga, izithelo, izimpande zisetshenziswa kwezokwelapha. Imigexo yenziwa ngembewu. Ukusuka kuzimbali thola udayi wezinwele ezimnyama nobubende - womkhakha wokudla. Izingcezu zezithelo ezomisiwe I-Hibiscus sabdariff (IHibiscus sabdariffa) - Ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yetiye yezithelo. Iqhubeka nokuthengiswa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Hibiscus itiye", "itiye laseMalva", "iSudan rose rose", "Karkade".
IHibiscus sabdariffa, noma uRosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa).
Saziwa kakhulu ngokutshalwa njengesihlahla sendlu IHibiscus chinese yasukuma (I-Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), noma irosan waseChina waseNingizimu mpumalanga ye-Asia. Zitshalwa kanjani izitshalo ezibabayo zemifino ezindaweni zaseningizimu I-hibiscus edible (I-Hibiscus esculentus), noma i-okra. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, i-okra ingatshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokugcina izithombo.
U-Okra, noma u-Okra, noma uGombo, noma iminwe kaLady (u-Abelmoschus esculentus, phambilini wabekwa njengeHibiscus esculentus)
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo ze-hibiscus
I-Hibiscus hybrid (Hibiscus hybridus)
IHybrid hibiscus iyi-herbaceous perennial, enezimbali ezinkulu kakhulu, ezikhanyayo, ezibukekayo. Zitshalwa entwasahlobo (ngokuqala kwesimo sezulu esishisayo esifudumele, lapho ama-buds asentanjeni yezimpande eqala ukuvuvukala) ngokuhlukanisa izihlahla, ukusikwa okuluhlaza nokuxhunyelelwa. Lezi zitshalo zokuhlobisa zilungele izikhala ezinkulu zezimbali, imingcele exubile, izitebele, izingcezu zezimbali, umphetho, osebeni lwamachibi, zitshalwe emafulethini epaki naphakathi kwezihlahla ezingandile ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu yeRussia.
Isi-Chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)
I-hibiscus yaseChinese, noma i-Chinese rose, ikhula eMpumalanga Asia naseziQhingini ZasePacific. Kwethulwe eYurophu ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII. Cishe izinhlobo ezingama-500 ziyaziwa. Isihlahla sobucwebe obuhlala sihlobisa kakhulu, ukuphakama kwawo (ekhaya) kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-3. Ezimeni zesiko - lokhu kuyindawo ebamba ukushisa edumile kakhulu, isplanethi yasendlini. Amacembe aluhlaza obumnyama, acwebezelayo ngaphezulu, okusaqanda noma oku-ovoid, afakwe emaphethelweni. AmaChristian hibiscus blooms kusuka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo kuya ekwindla sekwephuzile. Izimbali zinkulu (ububanzi obuyi-12-16 cm), zilula, zinezicaba eziphindwe kabili, zemibala ehlukahlukene - zisuka komlilo no-olintshi zibomvu zipinki futhi ziphuzi, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo.
I-hibiscus yaseChinese, noma i-Chinese rose (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis).
Izinhlobo ezithile:
- U-Anita Buis - izimbali zilula, ziphuzi-orange.
- I-Florida - izimbali zikhulu (kufika ku-14 cm ubukhulu), zibomvu ngoku-orange.
- IHamburg - izimbali zikhulu, ziphindwe kabili, zibomvu i-carmine.
- I-Rosa - izimbali ezinemibala ephindwe kabili neabili, i-salmon-pink.
I-Hibiscus elahliwe (iHibiscus schizopetalus)
I-hibiscus elahliwe ingatholakala ngaphansi kwegama lesiShayina Hibiscus, ahlukahlukene ahlukaniswe njenge-hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis var. Schizopetalus). Ezasekhaya - Central Africa. Shrub ngamahlumela athambile namaqabunga aluhlaza acwebezelayo. Izimbali ezibomvu-orenji ezinobubanzi obungu-5 cm ezinamasende agobekile, umphetho ojulile nongalingani. Abamba ukushisa kanye isitshalo sendlu.
I-Hibiscus dissected (Hibiscus schizopetalus).
I-Syriac Hibiscus (Hibiscus syriacus)
I-hibiscus yaseSyria ivela eChina, eNdiya. Imbali yayo yangaphambili exotic iwuphawu lwesiqhingi saseHaiti. Zihlobisiwe ngabahlali bendawo kanye nezivakashi eziningi. Kwezinye izifundazwe zaseNdiya, izimbali ezibomvu nezibomvana zifakwa emgodini womshado.
I-hibiscus yaseSyria (iHibiscus syriacus).
Izici zokukhula kwe-hibiscus
Izimbali: blooms hibiscus kusuka entwasahlobo kuya ekwindla.
Ukukhula: ukukhula kwezitshalo kushesha.
Ukukhanya: kukhanya okukhanyayo, ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo-ehlobo ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika - ukukhanyisa okuhle, imisebe eqondile ivunyelwe.
Ukushisa: ngokulinganisela, esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ihlobo + 18 ... + 22 ° С. Isikhathi se-Autumn-ebusika - + 14 ... + 16 ° С, emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka + 10 ° С angawahla amaqabunga.
Ukunisela: phakathi nenkathi yokukhula nezimbali - ziningi, njengoba ungqimba oluphezulu lwomahluko ongaphansi komhlaba. Esikhathini sekwindla nobusika, ukunisela kuyinto elinganiselayo, izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kokomiswa kwengqimba ephezulu yomhlaba. Lapho isitshalo sigcinwa (ebusika) emazingeni okushisa angaphansi kuka + 14 ° C, inhlabathi inomswakama ngokulinganayo.
Lapho ukuthambisa, ukomisa nokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-substrate akufanele kuvunyelwe.
Umswakama womoya: ayidlali indima ebalulekile, kepha-ke, kungakuhle ukuthi ufafaze izitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Le nqubo futhi iyindlela yokuvimbela izibungu zesicabucabu.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu: esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ihlobo, ejwayelekile (isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga) ukugqoka okuphezulu ngamanyolo angenamaminerali aqukethe i-nitrogen (vuselela izimbali ezinde). Ebusika, umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kuphela osetshenziswa ku-uhhafu wethamo kanye ngenyanga, noma (uma acishe wome ezimweni ezipholile) awavundiswa.
Isikhathi sokuphumula: Novemba-Februwari. Ukushisa kwe-Optimum + 14 ... + 16 ° С, ukukhanyisa okuhle, ukuthambisa ngokulinganisela. Kusebusika endaweni ethambile - ekwindla, ngokunisela izitshalo kancane kancane kunciphisa amahlamvu, bese kuthi iziqu zisikwe, kushiye amasentimitha ayi-hemp 7-8. Kulesi simo, i-hibiscus overwinter isendaweni epholile (+ 10 ... + 12 ° C) - ukuze izimpande zingome, inhlabathi ye-hibiscus inyanywa kancane ngezikhathi ezithile
Ukufakelwa: abasha - minyaka yonke entwasahlobo. Abadala banqamula njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine.
Ukuzala: ukusika, imbewu okuqabukela.
IHibiscus
Ukunakekelwa kwe-Hibiscus ekhaya
IHibiscus ithanda ukukhanya okungafani, ngaphandle kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.
Ukubekwa kahle kwe-hibiscus ehlobo kungamafasitela anomgwaqo osentshonalanga noma osempumalanga. Emafasiteleni anobuthi obuseningizimu esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ehlobo, isitshalo sibekwa kude nefasitela noma ukukhanya okuhlakazekile kwakhiwe ngendwangu noma iphepha (i-gauze, tulle, iphepha lokulandela). Ngokuya ngemithetho yokunakekelwa, ingakhula kahle futhi iqhume kumafasitela wendlela yasenyakatho.
Ngezinsuku ezifudumele zasehlobo, i-hibiscus ingathathwa iphumele emoyeni ovulekile (kuvulandi, engadini), kepha kufanele ivikelwe ukukhanya kwelanga, emvuleni nasekusalungiswa. Uma ungenalo ithuba lokubeka izitshalo ngaphandle ehlobo, khona-ke kufanele uvule umoya egumbini.
Ebusika, i-hibiscus inikeza ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukufakwa komthunzi akudingeki. Ungadala izibani ezingezekile usebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent ngale nhloso, uzifake ngaphezu kwesitshalo kude kwe-50-60 cm okungenani amahora ayi-8 ngosuku. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, kubalulekile futhi ukungena egumbini, kodwa okusalungiswa kufanele kugwenywe.
Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, lesi sitshalo singabuna noma siqhume nakancane.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula nesikhathi sokuqhakaza, i-hibiscus iniselwa kakhulu njengobubanzi obuphezulu bomahluko ongaphansi komhlaba. Esikhathini sekwindla-nobusika, manzi ngokulingana, izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezintathu emva kokumiswa okungaphezulu kwomahluko ongaphansi komhlaba.
Lapho ukuthambisa, ukomisa nokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-substrate akufanele kuvunyelwe. Amanzi avela epanini, isigamu sehora ngemuva kokuthululwa kuthululiwe. Amanzi namanzi athambile futhi azinzile.
Umswakama awudlali indima ebalulekile, noma kunjalo kuyalulekwa ukufafaza izitshalo. Le nqubo iphinde ibe yisilinganiso sokuvimbela ezimbuyeni zesicabucabu. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ikakhulukazi ngezinsuku ezicacile nezifudumele, i-hibiscus ifafazwa ngamanzi afudumele, athambile nanamanzi. Esikhathini sekwindla-ebusika, ngezikhathi ezithile ungafafaza izitshalo ngamanzi afudumele.
IHibiscus
Esikhathini sentwasahlobo-ihlobo, ukuvama njalo kwe-1 (njalo ngenyanga ngenyanga) ngomanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe i-nitrogen (lokhu kuvusa izimbali ezinde). Ingafakwa kumanyolo okhethekile oyinkimbinkimbi wokuqhakaza izitshalo zasendlini, njalo emavikini ama-3. Ungasebenzisa i-Rainbow, ekahle, njll. Ngemuva kokunisela ngamanzi ahlanzekile, kusiza kakhulu ukondla isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga ngesisombululo esigcotshisiwe sokudonsa izinyoni (1 ingxenye yesisombululo samanzi ezingxenye ezingama-20) noma i-mullein ewuketshezi (ingxenye eyi-1 ukumfaka ezingxenyeni eziyi-12 zamanzi). Maphakathi no-Agasti, inani le-nitrogen ekudleni liyancishiswa. Ebusika, umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kuphela osetshenziswa ku-uhhafu wethamo kanye ngenyanga, noma (uma acishe wome ezimweni ezipholile) awavundiswa. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufakwa ngemuva kokunisela.
Ekupheleni kuka-Ephreli - ekuqaleni kukaMeyi, izitshalo ezindala zidlulisa izimbiza ezinkulu (kanye njalo eminyakeni emithathu kuya kwemine). Uma inhlabathi ingafakwanga i-acid futhi kungekho zinambuzane kuyo, ungamiselela ungqimba lomhlabathi olungamasentimitha ayi-5 ngesakhi esitsha. Lapho nje imbali ifinyelela usayizi wayo omkhulu ezimweni zakho, ungayidlulisi, kepha isuse ngokucophelela ebhodweni bese uyibuyisela ingxenye yenhlabathi. Inhlabathi ye-hibiscus isetshenziswa eduze ne-hlasi (pH cishe 6), ukukhanya, okunempilo. Ungapheka ezingxenyeni ezi-4 ze-turf, izingxenye ezi-3 zamaqabunga, ingxenye eyodwa ye-humus nesihlabathi. Izicucu zamalahle zixubene nengxube. Musa ukusebenzisa umquba ongavuthiwe kanye ne-mullein eyomile. Ingxube ye-turf, humus nesihlabathi (2: 1: 1) nayo ingahle ilunge. Ungangeza i-Peat encane nesidlo sethambo. Kudingeka amanzi amnandi, ngoba lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli ukuhamba kwamanzi kahle.
IHibiscus itshalwa njengezitshalo ezinkulu noma ezincane noma izitshalo ezijwayelekile, izindlela ezahlukahlukene zomqhele zazo ezingatholakala ngokuthena okulungile okufika ngesikhathi.
Ukuze wandise ukuhlobisa umqhele futhi ukhuthaze ukukhula kwenqwaba yezithombo ezincane ezakha izimbali (izimbali zezimbali ze-hibiscus zibekwe amahlumela wonyaka wamanje), ngemuva kokufakelwa (kwabancane) noma ukufaka indawo yaphezulu (yabantu abadala), lesi sitshalo kufanele sinqunywe esihlahleni kude 15 cm kusuka esisekelweni. Lapho amahlumela amasha eqala ukwakha, kubalulekile ukususa ababuthakathaka futhi ushiye okunempilo.
Ukubambezela ukuqhakaza kwe-hibiscus kuze kube ekwindla noma ebusika, izitshalo kumele zithathelwe indawo kabusha futhi zidalwe ngoMeyi. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kufanele baphumule ngokunisela okumaphakathi kakhulu. NgoJulayi, usike futhi. Ngenxa yalokhu, efihlekile yezimbali kwakheka kuphela ekuqaleni ekwindla. Amagatsha athenwe okuphumelelayo angasetshenziselwa ukusakazwa.
IHibiscus iyakwazi ukukhula kusuka ezimpandeni. Le ndawo ilungele labo balimi abanokushoda kokukhanya nendawo efulethini, futhi ngenxa yalokho akukho ndawo yokubeka imbiza yezimbali ebusika ngokwengeziwe. Ekwindla, ukunisela izitshalo kancane kancane kuncipha bese amaqabunga ewa, bese iziqu zisikwa, kusale amasentimitha ayi-hemp 7-8. Kulesi simo, i-hibiscus overwinter isendaweni epholile (10 ... 12 ° C) - ukuze izimpande zingasebenzi, inhlabathi e-hibiscus isuke ikanyiswe kancane ngezikhathi ezithile, kuthi emva kwezinyanga ezintathu noma ezine isitshalo sikhiphe amahlumela amasha. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, kumele ivezwe futhi iniselwe, ingakhohlwa ukuphina amahlumela amancane, njengoba ikhula ngokushesha okukhulu.
IHibiscus
Ukuzala kweHibiscus
IHibiscus isakazwa ngembewu, ukusikwa.
Imbewu ye-Hibiscus ihlwanyelwa kusuka maphakathi noJanuwari kuya maphakathi no-Mashi. Ngaphambi kokuthi ifike, ifakwe emanzini amahora angama-12 epin. Kuhlwanyelwe enhlanganisweni ye-peat nesihlabathi. Isitsha simbozwe ngengilazi, izinga lokushisa ligcinwa ku-25 ... 27 ° C. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-green-greenhouse noma ukushisa okuphansi kunomthelela ekuhlumeni kwembewu kangcono. Futha uphinde ukhiphe umoya ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho izithombo zakha amaqabunga amabili noma amathathu, zidonswa ezimbizeni zosayizi ofanele. Izithombo ziyaqhakaza futhi zithela izithelo eminyakeni engu-3-4 yokuphila.
Kulula ukusakaza i-hibiscus ngokusika. Zinqunywa ngoJuni-Agasti kusuka eziqongweni zokukhula kwezinsizwa ngama-2-3 internode. Izilayi ziphathwa ngezivuseleli zokukhula. Izimbambo zinezimpande ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-25-30 kubhavu ongaphakathi lwangaphakathi nenhlabathi efudumele kuya kuma-22 ... 25 ° C (ingxube yenzalo nesihlabathi noma ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile) noma ezimbizeni ezimbozwe ngembiza yengilazi noma emanzini. Ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, atshalwe ezimbizeni ezingama-cm cm angama-7 ngenhlanganisela yenhlabathi ye-humus (izingxenye ezi-2), iqabunga nomhlaba wesod nesihlabathi (1 ingxenye ngayinye), futhi kuthathwe ngamanzi afudumele. Kuhle ukufaka i-chips zophondo nesidlo sethambo kwingxube.
Ukuze wakheke kahle isihlahla se-hibiscus, nciza amahlumela amancane. Izitshalo ezincane zikhula ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke zingadinga ukufakelwa ebhodweni elikhudlwana ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokukhula kwezimpawu. Esikhathini esizayo, kudingeka zidluliselwe minyaka yonke zibe inhlabathi entsha evundile. Ukufakelwa kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, kuyasiza ukunquma isitshalo, lokhu kuvuselela ukukhula kwamagatsha amaningi nezimbali. Amagatsha asikwa abe izingxenye ezimbili noma ezintathu ubude bawo. Ngokukhanyisa okuhle nokunisela okuningi, izitshalo eziqhakazayo zingatholakala ngonyaka 1.
IHibiscus
Ubunzima obunokwenzeka ekukhuleni i-hibiscus
Ama-Buds avela esihlahleni, kodwa angavuli futhi ngokushesha awale - isitshalo asinazo izakhi zomzimba; ukuchelela akukuningi ngokwanele, inhlabathi yomile kakhulu; lokushisa lomoya ophansi.
Amacembe aphansi e-hibiscus ewa, lawo aphuzi akhula emuva - amaqabunga e-chlorosis aqhamukile ngenxa yokuqukethwe okwandayo kwe-chlorine ne-calcium emanzini okunisela, ngenkathi kunokuntuleka kwe-nitrogen ne-iron (kuyadingeka ukuvikela amanzi ngokunisela futhi wengeze isheke lensimbi ngokwemiyalo); isifo sezimpande kusuka ku-hypothermia ngokunisela okusindayo kanye nokushisa okuphansi; umoya owomile ongaphakathi ohlanganiswe nokushisa okuphezulu nokufafaza okunganele.
Ukungabikho kwezimbali ku-hibiscus phambi kwamahlamvu amaningi aqhakazayo - lesi sitshalo sigcwele omanyolo abanokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen; Ukuhlala endaweni ekhanyayo engakhanyi; ukunisela okunganele ngesikhathi sezitshalo ezisebenzayo;
ukulungiswa kobusika emazingeni okushisa aphakeme impela.
Ukuntuleka kokukhanyisa kuhlangene nokudla ngokweqile kungadala ukungcola kwama-rose amabala.
Izimpande zesitshalo zingoma emhlabathini obandayo.
Ngokuntuleka komswakama, amaqabunga ayafisa futhi abe okubabayo.
Lapho ligcinwa egumbini elifudumele ebusika, linamazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-15 ° C, amaqabunga angoma esitshalweni uma umoya womile kakhulu.
Ukulimala: ama-aphid, ama-thrips, ama-whiteflies, izibungu zesicabucabu.
