Umanyolo we-Humic utholakala kakhulu emashalofini ezitolo zezingadi, isidingo sazo siyanda minyaka yonke, kepha akubona bonke abantu abake bezwa ngabo, futhi bambalwa kakhulu abantu abaziyo ngokwakhiwa kwabo nokusetshenziswa kwabo. Ake sixoxe ngalolu hlobo lomanyolo ngokuningiliziwe namuhla. Ingxenye eyinhloko yalomanyolo yinto e-humic, eyakhiwa ngenxa yokubola kwezinhlanganisela zemvelo ezahlukahlukene ngaphansi kwesimo sokuqukethwe komoya ophefumula ngokweqile. Ukuhlukaniswa kwama-humates kulula kakhulu futhi kuyaqondakala: kusekelwe kumandla ento enkulu yokuqunjelwa ku-acid noma i-alkali.
Umanyolo we-Humic wenziwe i-organic kuphela.
Izinhlobo Ezihlukahlukene Zama-Humates
Empeleni azikho eziningi zazo: lezi yi-humine (insoluble), i-humic acid (encibilikisiwe ene-acidity yaphakathi nendawo phakathi kwamayunithi amabili) nama-asidi agcwele (ayanyibilika nganoma yisiphi i-acidity yaphakathi). Konke lokhu kuvame ukusebenza njengesisekelo sokwenza umkhiqizo ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu lezingoma zokudla okunempilo kwezitshalo, okungukuthi, umanyolo.
Ngendlela, igama elithi "humates" noma "umanyolo we-humic" laqhamuka kakhulu esijwayelekile kithi sonke - "humus", okuhunyushwa ngokuthi "umhlaba". Ukusuka kwigama elilandela ukuthi ama-humates afanele ukubhekisela kuphela kwizakhi zemvelo, okungukuthi, izakhi zenhlabathi ezihlelekile.
Inani lezinto ezinomswakama eziqukethwe enhlabathini, imvamisa ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu ungqimba lwazo oluvundile, lungafinyelela ku-94 ngisho no-96%. Ngasikhathi sinye, inani elikhulu kakhulu lezinto ezi-humic nazo zitholakala ku-peat, ukusuka kuma-50 kuye kwangama-73% azo.
Kuyacaca ukuthi, ngokuba yisakhi somhlabathi esihlelekile, izinto ezinomswakama ngeke zibe enye yezinto ezibalulekile zokukhula okuvamile nokukhula kwanoma isiphi isitho sesitho. Ama-humates athuthukisa kakhulu futhi enothisa umhlabathi ngokudla okunempilo, athuthukise imetheriyitha yamanzi kanye nomoya, futhi abambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwejubane kanye nokusheshisa kwezinqubo ezihambisana nokusakazwa kwe-microflora yenhlabathi enenzuzo.
Ngokubambisana nezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezahlukahlukene enhlabathini, umanyolo we-humic uwaguqula abe ngamakhompiyutha atholakala ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe. Imvamisa, umanyolo we-humic athuthukisa ukutholwa yizitshalo zezakhi ezinjenge-N, K no-P, okuwukuthi, eziyisisekelo ezidingekayo ekukhuleni okuvamile nasekwenziweni kwanoma isiphi isitho sesitho.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-humate abonakaliswa, empeleni, ngesici esiyingqayizivele: ayakwazi ukubopha izinsimbi ezahlukahlukene ezisindayo ngisho nezinto ezinemisebe, uma zikhona, emhlabathini, futhi aziguqule zaba yizingqinamba ezingafinyeleleki ezimpandeni zezitshalo ezitshaliwe, ngakho-ke, izinto eziyingozi azingenisi izithelo namajikijolo , futhi, ngokufanele, emizimbeni yethu.
Izimpande zezitshalo ezitshalwe ngama-humates (kwesobunxele) futhi ngaphandle kwazo (kwesokudla).
Ukwakheka kukamanyolo we-humic
Ezimweni eziningi, ukwakheka kwale manyolo, ngaphezu kwezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu, kufaka ne-potassium humate noma i-sodium humate. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la manyolo acishe njalo ahlanganiswe “ngokuqiniswa” yiqoqo lezinto zamaminerali, ezidingekayo ikakhulukazi ezitshalweni ngesikhathi sokukhula kokuqala, nangesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo namajikijolo. Lezi zinto zenziwa kusuka ku-peat, kanye ne-sapropel nezinye izinhlanganisela zemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwezimfanelo ezinhle ezichazwe ngenhla, umanyolo we-humic ungasheshisa kakhulu ukuhluma kwembewu futhi wandise izinga lokuhluma kwawo, futhi esimweni sezithombo, angandisa kakhulu ukungavikeleki kwezitshalo ezisezincane futhi ngaleyo ndlela andise ukumelana kwazo nezingcindezi ezahlukahlukene zombili ngesikhathi sokufakelwa futhi ngesikhathi sokukhula okubukhali noma okuphambene nalokho. izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphansi, kanye nokuntuleka noma ukweqisa komswakama kanye nezinye izimo ezingezinhle zemvelo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, umanyolo we-humic angadlala indima ye-stimulator yomsebenzi wokukhula. Isibonelo, kuye kwaqapheleka ukuthi uma ukusikwa okuluhlaza kufakwe kuyo ngaphambi kokutshalwa kuhluthi, khona-ke isilinganiso sokukhiqizwa kwezimpande sizophakama kakhulu (size sifike kuma-50% ezitshalweni ezinezimpande ezinzima, ngokwesibonelo, irgi), futhi uhlelo lwezimpande uqobo luzokwakheka kokusika okunamandla ngokwengeziwe.
Lapho kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-humic njengokwe-foliar topings, i.e., ngokufafaza ngaphandle kwezitshalo, ukwanda komkhiqizo wazo, ukwanda kokuqhakaza kwezimbali kanye nokwanda kokuhlobisa okujwayelekile kwezitshalo, kanye nokwehliswa okuningana kwengozi yokuqongelelwa kwama-nitrate nezinye izinto eziyingozi ezithelo, amajikijolo nezitshalo zezimpande.
Umanyolo iningi le-humic liyindawo yokugxilisa amanzi enganyibilikiki enombala omnyama-grey futhi kwesinye isikhathi umbala omnyama nje. Lapho ukugxilwa kuqedwa, okungukuthi, lapho kudalwa isisombululo esisebenzayo esetshenziselwa ukwelapha izitshalo noma ukusisebenzisa enhlabathini, kuvame ukuthola i-tint brown.
Njengamanje, ngaphezu koketshezi, ama-humate akhiqizwa ngesimo se-paste noma i-powder (granules). Udinga ukwazi ukuthi izakhiwo zezinto ezinjalo ziyafana, futhi akufanele ucabange ukuthi umanyolo okuthiwa womile we-humic usebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu kunoketshezi. Eqinisweni, kunenzuzo enkulu ukuthenga umanyolo we-liquid humic, ngoba ukulungiswa kwesixazululo esisebenzayo kuleli cala kuzothatha imizuzu embalwa kuphela. Uma kufanele kwenziwe, futhi, ngokufanele, ukuthenga, kanye nokuhamba kwamabhendi amakhulu omanyolo we-humic, kunenzuzo enkulu ukuwathenga ngesimo esomile (i-powder noma i-granules).
Ungakhohlwa futhi ukuthi ama-humic fertilizer angasetshenziswa, kunalokho, njengendlela yokugqoka ephezulu eyengeziwe, evumelana nokuhlanganiswa nokugqokisa okuphezulu. Kulesi simo kuphela lapho ungathola ukufezekiswa okuphelele kwezitshalo zezinto ezahlukahlukene nokukhula kwazo okugcwele. Njengoba kunikezwe ukufakwa kukamanyolo we-humic, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa kancane umthamo womanyolo omkhulu.
Inzuzo engenakuphikiswa yomanyolo womanyolo ukuvumelana kwabo okugcwele nezinhlanganisela zamakhemikhali ezinhlobonhlobo, kufaka phakathi zonke izinhlobo zomanyolo, kanye ne-herbicides nemithi yokubulala izinambuzane.
Umanyolo we-Humic uvuselela umsebenzi wokukhula kwezitshalo.
Isicelo sesivuno nezingadi zezolimo
Njengoba sesibonisile, ngenxa yokusebenzisa umanyolo we-humic, kungenzeka ukuthi ukwandise kakhulu ukuhluma kwezinhlobo zembewu futhi ukhuphule isivuno sezitshalo ezahlukahlukene.
Umanyolo we-Humic ulungele ukucebisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lomhlabathi kanye nokufaka umanyolo wezitshalo eziningi, ikakhulukazi lezo ezikhula emhlabathini wenhlabathi obumbene. Ukusetshenziswa komanyolo we-humic kunconyelwa ikakhulukazi lapho kudluliswa izithombo, lapho inani elikhulu lezimvula zenzeka phakathi nesikhathi sokukhula, kanye nangezikhathi zasehlobo zasentwasahlobo nasezimotweni zasehlobo lapho ukuchelela kungahlali khona ngesikhathi noma ngokwanele.
Imvamisa, isisombululo se-0,1% somanyolo womquba sisetshenziswa njengokugqokisa okuphezulu, futhi isisombululo se-0,2% sale nto singasetshenziswa ekusetshenzisweni kwenhlabathi. Into esemqoka - lapho uqeda ukugxila komanyolo we-humic, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa amanzi ngokushisa kwegumbi, hhayi ngaphansi kwe-+15 degrees, kepha hhayi ephakeme kuno-+40 degrees. Umanyolo we-Humic (ngaphandle kwodaka) ungcono kakhulu oncibilikisiwe emanzini athambile, okungukuthi, imvula, inyibilika noma ixazululwe.
Ezilimeni zemifino (ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yezimvula), umanyolo we-humic unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezifo ezinjengokubola, ukulimala sekwedlule isikhathi, kanye neqembu lezinye izifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane.
Imininingwane yokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-humic ezitshalweni ezivame kakhulu, funda ku.
Ukhukhamba, u-squash, i-zucchini
Ngokuqondene nalezi zilimo zemifino, kuvunyelwe ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-humic ngaphansi kwazo kuyo yonke inkathi, ngokulandelana, kunoma yiziphi izigaba zokukhula kwalezi zitshalo. Umphumela omkhulu kakhulu uyabonakala lapho kufakwa umanyolo we-humic ngezikhathi zokupholisa okungafani noma eminyakeni emanzi kakhulu, okungukuthi, ngesikhathi esingesihle esingaholela ekwehleni kwesivuno.
Ukwenza kube lula ukwelashwa ngamanyolo kanye nembewu yomhlanga, ngokwesibonelo, ukufaka isisombululo se-0.05% phakathi nosuku, kwamukeleka ngokuphelele. Ngemuva kwalokhu kugcotshwa, njengomthetho, ijubane lokuqhuma kwembewu liyanda, umsebenzi wokuhlwanyelwa uyasebenza, izithombo zikhula kahle futhi zanda ukungatheleleki kwezifo ezahlukahlukene. Ubuchwepheshe bokuhlinzeka ngemithi yokwelashwa kwalezi zilimo kumele bufake ukoma ngemuva kokugcwala kanye nokuhluma kwezindlela zendabuko.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezithombo zalezi zilimo, kuvunyelwe ukwethula isixazululo esingu-0,1% somanyolo womquba enhlabathini ngenhla ka-250-300 g nge-skwele ngasinye. Ngenxa yomanyolo wenhlabathi, ngale ndlela, inani eliphelele le- “undercatch” (izithombo ezincane, ezibuthakathaka) ziyancishiswa, kanye nokumelana kwezithombo esiqwini esimnyama, futhi amaphutha okungenzeka ekunakekelweni kwezithombo ayenziwa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu emhlabathini kungashintshwa ngokugqokwa okuphezulu, isibonelo, ukufaka umanyolo kanye ngeviki, futhi ngokuzayo, ngeviki elizayo, futhi kanye, kufafaza izitshalo ngomanyolo ekuhlushweni okufanayo, kepha kusetshenziswa cishe isi-25-30 g solution .
Kuzosiza ukunciphisa inani lezindlela zokwelashwa "ezingenalutho" ngesisombululo se-0,1% somanyolo we-humic walezi zitshalo ngesikhathi sokuqhuma. Ngemuva kokucubungula izitshalo ngomanyolo we-humic, njengomthetho, kwakheka izithelo ezihambisanayo, nezithelo, ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobonhlobo, noma ngabe azikho nhlobo noma inani lazo lincane kakhulu (alikho ngaphezu kwe-1%).
Lapho ukucubungula ukhukhamba eminyakeni ecebile kakhulu ngemvula, uhhafu wesilinganiso sanoma iyiphi ukhunta ovumelekile ungangezelelwa kulungiselelo, ngaleyo ndlela ukwelashwa kokuvimbela ngokumelene ne-powdery isikhutha kungaqhutshwa.
Utamatisi, isitshalo seqanda, upelepele, amazambane
Lezi izilimo zisabela kahle ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-humic. Uma unikezwe ukuthi izitshalo zifunwa kakhulu lapho kukhona inani elanele le-potassium ne-nitrogen enhlabathini, umanyolo we-humic uzosiza ukukhulisa ukutholwa kwalezi zinto ngohlelo lwezimpande. Kanye nomanyolo we-humic walezi zilimo, kubalulekile ukufaka amanye amakhambi we-potash, ngoba adinga kakhulu i-potassium, ikakhulukazi utamatisi.
Njengoba kunikezwe ubunzima bumanyolo be-humic, lapho ubusebenzisa, kuyinto efiselekayo ukunciphisa inani lomanyolo oluyisisekelo ngesigamu, ikakhulukazi umanyolo we-nitrogen ne-phosphorus.
Kungenzeka futhi ukuthi uqale ukusebenzisa umanyolo we-humic maqondana nalezi izilimo ngokutshala imbewu ngaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa. Imbewu ifakwe kwisisombululo somanyolo we-0,05% we-humic amahora angama-24, ngemuva kwalokho kuvunyelwe ukuqala ukuhluma ngaphandle kokoma. Ukunisela imbewu yalezi izilimo kusixazululo somanyolo we-humic kukuvumela ukuthi usheshise ukuhluma kwabo ngezinsuku ezingama-2-3, wandise umsebenzi wokuhluma futhi unciphise inani lezitshalo ezakha uhlelo lwezimpande olubuthakathaka.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, ungalashwa ngomanyolo we-0,1% we-humic, uchithe ama-35-40 g wesixazululo sesitshalo ngasinye. Izithombo ezinjalo, njengomthetho, ziyagula kancane ngemuva kokufakelwa futhi zihamba ngokushesha ekukhuleni.
Esikhathini esizayo, ekuqaleni 'kokukhathala' kwamahlumela, kubalulekile ukuyeka ngokuphelele ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-humic ngaphansi kwempande futhi ufeze kuphela izambatho eziphezulu zefoliar, okungukuthi, fafaza izitshalo ngokwazo.
Njengamanje, ngaphezu koketshezi, ama-humates akhiqizwa ngesimo se-paste noma i-powder (granules).
Ummbila, Ujongilanga, Ubhontshisi
Umphumela wokusebenzisa umanyolo we-humic walezi zitshalo uvame ukucishe ungashabalali. Kuyabonakala uma ufaka umanyolo we-humic futhi uphathe izitshalo ezibuthakathaka kanye nawo, futhi ugcobe impahla yembewu ngaphambi kokutshala (umanyolo we-0,1% amahora angama-24).
Izihlahla
Ngokuphathelene nezilimo zezihlahla, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa hhayi ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo ngaphansi kwezimpande, kepha ukugqokisa okuphezulu, okungukuthi, ukucubungula kwenqwaba yamaqabunga ezitshalo. Kulokhu, ukugcotshwa kwekhambi kungakhushulelwa ku-1%. Izihlahla ziphendula kangcono ekugqokeni okuphezulu okufakwe ngomanyolo we-peat-humic.
Ngenxa yokugqoka okungaphezulu kokufakwayo ngomanyolo we-humic, inani lamaqanda ezikolweni zezinkuni liyakhuphuka, imvamisa ngo-25-30%, lincipha kancane. Akudingekile ukwenza ukwelashwa okukodwa, ngoba umphumela omkhulu, kungcono ukufeza ukucubungula kuze kuqalise ukuvuna, ukwelapha izitshalo kanye njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-20-25, kusukela esigabeni sokuhluma.
Kuyinto eyamukelekayo, futhi esimweni sezithombo ezibuthakathaka, kunconywa kakhulu ukuthi kufakwe umanyolo we-humic emgodini wokutshala lapho ubeka izithombo kuwo kokubili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Lapha udinga ukusebenzisa imithamo eyenziwe yomanyolo (5-10%) bese uthele amalitha amabili noma amathathu wesisombululo esinjalo emgodini ngamunye. Ngemuva kwalokho, lapho nje imbewu yesithombo seqabunga lamaqabunga, ukugqokwa kwezingubo eziphezulu (isixazululo se-0,0-0.2%) kungenziwa phakathi nenkathi yokukhula.
Ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo we-humic kule nhlabathi engcoliswe ngezinsimbi ezisindayo namanye amakhemikhali kufanelekile. Ukusetshenziswa kwazo kuzovumela ukukala inani lezinto ezilimazayo ezithelo futhi zithuthukise nokunambitheka kwazo.
Izihlahla
Umphumela omkhulu womanyolo we-humic maqondana nezihlahlana utholakala ngokuwusebenzisa njengokwanda kokumelana kwezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kuya kusihlwa sekwekubuya kwentwasahlobo. Umphumela wokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar top solution ye-0,5% yomanyolo we-humic kuma-currants, ama-gooseberries, futhi ngezinga elincane kancane kwezinye izihlahlana kuyafakazelwa.
Ukwelashwa kokuqala kufanelekile ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, lapho nje ukuqhakaza kuqala ukuqhakaza. Ngalesi sikhathi, Umanyolo usetshenziswa kangcono ngaphansi kwezimpande, usabalalisa cishe amalitha angama-5-6 esisombululo se-0,1% endaweni eseduze nomlomo. Ngemuva kokusebenzisa lo manyolo, kungakuhle ukuthi unisele inhlabathi, futhi uma ufuna ukuthi konke kube okuphelele, bese ngaphambi kokufaka umanyolo, ukhulule inhlabathi, bese amanzi, bese-mulch nge-humus - isentimitha esisodwa.
Ngokukhula okuvamile kwezihlahlana, umanyolo awukwazi ukufakwa ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, kepha ngalesi sikhathi kufanele kufakwe kumthamo ofanayo njengaphezulu. Ngemuva kwalokho ungondla izihlahlana ngenkathi kumiswa ama-ovari nesikhathi sokugcina - ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuwa kwamaqabunga.
Izimbali
Kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-humic ezitshalweni zezimbali ukuze kwandiswe ukuhlobisa okujwayelekile kwezitshalo, kwandise isikhathi sezimbali futhi kwakha ama-buds amaningi. Izimbali zezimbali ezimbizeni ziniselwa ngomanyolo ongu-0,05% ukuze zikhule ngamandla futhi zikwazi ukumelana nokuhamba isikhathi eside kokutshala esizeni.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo manyolo ungasetshenziswa lapho kusakazeka izitshalo zezimbali (ngokwesibonelo, ama-roses) ngokusika okuluhlaza. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo ku-greenhouse embozwe ifilimu, kuyadingeka ukuba uzibeke ngemuva kokusika isixazululo somanyolo esingu-0,5% zibheke, ukuze ingxenye yesithathu yokusika icwiliswe ekwakhiweni. Ukusika okufakwayo kungasuka emahoreni ayi-12 kuye kwangama-24, imvamisa okufudumele egumbini lapho ukusika kufakwe khona, isikhathi sokugcobhoza kufanele kube sincane, ngakho-ke, ku- + 30 ° C amahora ayi-12 kwanele, ku + 15 ° C kuthatha amahora angama-24.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesixazululo somanyolo we-humic fertilizer ongu-0.25%, ungacwilisa ama-bulb kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ngaphambi kokutshala, lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni okusebenzayo kwezitshalo nokuqhakaza kwazo kwangaphambili (kusuka ezinsukwini ezingama-3-4 kuya ngesonto nesigamu). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezithungatha ihora kwekhambi elinjalo kunciphisa amathuba okubola ngo-70%.Uma ufuna ukunciphisa amathuba okubola ngo-95%, engeza noma yisiphi isikhunta esivunyelwe kwikhambi.
Yilokho kuphela esifuna ukukusho ngomanyolo we-humic, uma kukhona okungacacanga kuwe noma unemibuzo, ubhale kumazwana, sizowaphendula ngentokozo.
