Isitembu raspberry okusajingijolo izinhlobo ngezithombe nezincazeloIsiko elihle njengama-raspberries laziwa yibo bonke, litholakala yonke indawo ezingadini nasezivandeni. Amajikijolo amnandi kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yokwakheka kwamavithamini awusizo, anezinto zokuphulukisa.
Ama-raspberry esitaki alungile ngoba anamahlumela aminyene futhi awadingi i-garter. Ibizwa nangokuthi isihlahla se-raspberry - isitshalo sifinyelela ubude obungamamitha ama-2 futhi sibukeka njengomuthi onamahlumela amaningana, kepha empeleni siyisihlahla. Ukudubula ngakunye kunenqubo lapho kuvela amajikijolo. Ngokwesimo ayindilinga noma i-oblong, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-5 noma ayi-12-20.
Endaweni yakithi, ama-raspberries esihlahla avela ekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ibanga lokuqala (iTarusa) labhaliswa ngo-1993.
Ungazikhetha kanjani izithombo
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-raspberry zinikeza inani elincane lokufakwa esikhundleni kwamahlumela - ukukhiqiza kabusha kunzima, okuholela kumanani aphezulu entengo yokutshala. Izithombo zomthi we-raspberry zithengwa kangcono emapulazini akhethekile, eziteshini zezithelo, noma ezinkulisa. Uzonikezwa hhayi kuphela ngezinto ezisezingeni eliphakeme zokutshala (ezindaweni okuthengiswa kuzo ngokungahleliwe kukhona ubungozi bokungena kuma-scammers), kodwa futhi nokuklanywa okufanele (izimo zezulu zesifunda sakho).
Isikhathi sokufika
Ungatshala ama-raspberry ajwayelekile entwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Yenza ukutshala kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuthwa kwamahlamvu. Ekulweni ekwindla, bala isikhathi ukuze izithombo zibe nesikhathi sokuthatha izimpande ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo (ukutshala kwenziwa cishe eminyakeni eyishumi edlule kaSeptemba noma ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba).
Amajikijolo atshalwe entwasahlobo ngonyaka wokuqala ngeke athele isivuno esikhulu.
Izimo ezikhulayo zama-raspberries ajwayelekile
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
Khetha indawo enelanga; ukufiphaza kancane kungenzeka lapho ufika ohlangothini oluseningizimu. Ukuvikelwa kokungakapheli kubalulekile. Kuze kube manje, okuvame ukutshala eduze kocingo noma okwakhiwayo, kusuka kuwo cishe amamitha 1. Ukuze izimpande zingaboli, amanzi aphansi komhlaba kufanele adlule ekujuleni okungamamitha ayi-1.5.
Izandulelo
Ubhontshisi, lwesinaphi, i-alfalfa kuzoba ngabanduleli abahle besiko. Amakhambi azosebenza njengokudla okunempilo, kanti izinsalela zizogcwala i-nitrogen nezinye izinto zomkhondo.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Inhlabathi idinga okunempilo, okuvulekile, nomswakama olinganiselayo. Ngokumba, yenza umquba obolile noma umquba, ungangeza ama-nitrophos. Uma ukusabela kwenhlabathi kuyinto acidic, engeza futhi lime lime (0.3-0,5 kg nge 1 m²).
Ngokutshala kwentwasahlobo, inhlabathi kufanele ilungiswe ekwindla, futhi lapho ukutshala ekwindla, ukulungiselela kwenziwa izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2 ngaphambi kokutshala.
Ukutshala isihlahla raspberry
Kuvidiyo sibuka ukufika kwe-ekwindla kwe-raspberry okuyi-raspberry ejwayelekile:
Ungasitshala kanjani isihlahla se-raspberry entwasahlobo? Into esemqoka ukutshala ekuqaleni ngangokunokwenzeka, okungcono ngaphambi kokuhluma. Uma utshala vele ngamahlamvu, kwesinye isikhathi kuzodingeka unisele izithombo zize zamukelwe.
Ukutshala isihlahla okusajingijolo kwenziwa ngezindlela ezimbili:
- Ngetheyipu (kudabula umsele omude)
- I-Bush (umgodi wokumba cishe cm 30 kuya ku-30 cm, ukujula kuya ngesayizi wohlelo lwezimpande).
Phansi komgodi noma umsele wokufaka, faka "umcamelo" onempilo - ungqimba lwe-humus oluhlanganiswe nomlotha wezinkuni.
- Nquma izimpande ezomile nezonakalisiwe, bese ucwilisa endishini ebumba ngokufakwa kwe-mullein noma inkukhu.
- Faka isithombo emgodini noma emseleni, usimboze ngomhlaba.
- Intamo yezimpande kufanele ibe sezingeni elifanayo njengaphambi kokutshala.
- Mulch ingaphezulu kwenhlabathi ngotshani.
- Ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla, kubalulekile ukusebenzelana nemimoya ngo-12-15 cm (vala ama-buds aphansi ukuze angabandi iqhwa ebusika).
- Phakathi kwezitshalo ngazinye, gcina ibanga elingaba yingxenye yemitha, phakathi kwamarowu - 1.5-2 m.
Ukuzivumelanisa amaviki ama-2, kuyasiza ukunisela izithombo njalo ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ngamanzi afudumele.
Ungayinakekela kanjani ama-raspberries ajwayelekile
Ekunakekeleni, ama-raspberry ajwayelekile awathobeki, futhi ajwayelekile. Uma inhloso yokutshala ukuthola isivuno esihle, kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngesitshalo.
Ukwakhiwa nokuqhekeka
Ngemuva kwamaviki ambalwa ngemuva kokutshala, lapho izithombo ziqine ngokwanele, ungaqala ukwakha isihlahla. Cindezela izihloko zezihlumela (usike ku-10-15 cm). Lokhu kunomthelela ku-activation we-lateral buds - ngokuwa kuzoba amahlumela ambalwa. Izihlahla ze-Autumn ziqukethe ukusika amahlumela athela izithelo kule sizini, shiya abancane.
Phina iziqongo futhi entwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, uzokwakha umuthi ofanayo we-raspberry one-shtamb ovela eziqongweni eziningana (izingcezu ezi-6-7). Ukwanda kwenani labo kuzoba nomthelela omuhle ekukhiqizeni: amahlumela amaningi nge-peduncle, amajikijolo amaningi. Ukusuka esihlahleni esisodwa ungaqoqa ama-4-12 kg amajikijolo.
Ukhula ukhula. Ukuvula inhlabathi kuvikele uhlelo lwezimpande ekushiseni ngokweqile.
Ungaphuzisa kanjani
Esigabeni se-ovary kanye ne-fruiting esebenzayo, qinisekisa ukuthambisa okuvamile (cishe isikhathi esingu-1 ngeviki, engeza amalitha ayi-10 amanzi ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye). Uma umswakama unganele, ukuphuma kwe-ovary kungenzeka, amajikijolo ayoma.
Ungondla kanjani
Kufanele bondliwe izikhathi ezingama-2-3 ngesizini. Entwasahlobo yokuqala kanye nesikhathi sokumiswa kwezithelo, engeza umanyolo wamaminerali noma oyinkimbinkimbi, ekwindla (ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaSepthemba) ukondla ngamaminerali.
Ukunakekelwa okunjalo kuzovuzwa ngokuvuna okuhle kwamajikijolo amakhulu, anejusi, anamakha, kanye namajikijolo anempilo.
Ukunciphisa ama-raspberry ajwayelekile futhi kwakheka ividiyo yesihlahla:
Ungasika kanjani amahlumela amadala:
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Izinhlobo ze-raspberry ezi-stambular ziyamelana nezifo nezinambuzane, kepha uketshezi lweBordeaux kufanele luphathwe ngemuva kokuthenwa kwe-prophylaxis.
Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, phatha ngesixazululo seTopazi (10 l wamanzi ayi-10 ml) ukuze uvikeleke ezifweni ezingamagciwane nesikhunta.
Susa amahlamvu wonyaka odlule esizeni, ekwindla, bambe imigodi ejulile (ungalima).
Ubusika ama-raspberries ebusika
Ekupheleni kukaSepthemba, kufanele ugobe amahlumela phansi bese uwahlanganisa. I-bar raspberries ebusika kahle ngaphansi kwesembozo seqhwa, idlulisa ukwehla kokushisa kuka -30 ° C.
Ungakusakaza kanjani ama-raspberries ajwayelekile nge-cutways eluhlaza
Ukusakazwa kwama-raspberries isihlahla esisikiwe isinyathelo ngesinyathelo ngemiyalo ngezithombe
Ehlobo, sika izingcezu eziluhlaza ezishibhile ngo-25-30 cm ubude, susa amaqabunga aphansi bese ubamba izingqimba amahora angama-24 kwisisombululo sezimpande noma i-heteroauxin.
Ama-cutways we-raspberry Tree photo cuttings
Ngemuva kwalokho faka iziqukathi ngazinye ezilungiselelwe nenhlabathi evundile yezakhi kanye nezimbobo zokudonsa.
Ungakusakaza kanjani ama-raspberries ajwayelekile nge-cutways eluhlaza
Ungayibeka egumbini elikhanyiswe kahle, emphemeni, ku-gazebo noma engadini ngaphansi kwezihlahla. Amanzi njengoba inhlabathi yomile.
Ukusakazeka kwama-raspberries esihlahla ngesithombe se-green cuttings
Ekupheleni kwehlobo nokuqala kwekwindla, ukusika kuzokhula kahle futhi kube kulungele ukutshala esizeni. Ukuvimbela ukufa kwezitshalo ezisencane, gxilisa kahle indawo esiqwini ngamaqabunga noma ngotshani obukhulu obungama-15-20 cm.
Ungasakaza kanjani ama-raspberries esihlahla ngokusikiwe okunezinhlaka
Ukuphindiselwa kabusha kwesihlahla esibomvu ngombala
Umuthi okusajingijolo ungandiswa futhi ngamahlumela wonyaka wokugcina: ukusika okusikiwe kube ngu-25-30 cm ubude ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, bamba amahora angama-24 kusixazululo se-heteroacusin noma izimpande bese ubatshala engxube yezakhi zomzimba.
Beka izithombo endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, kungenzeka kuvulandi, into esemqoka ukuthi amazinga okushisa awawa ngaphansi kwe-zero. Amanzi kancane, ngaphandle kokomisa ukoma odakeni. Kungekudala, ukusikwa kuzothatha izimpande futhi kuxoshe amahlumela amancane aluhlaza.
Kutshalwe engadini ngemuva kokuqothula ngokuphelele, ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5-2. Isikhathi esihle sokufika sisaphethe ihlobo (Agasti-Septhemba), lapho kuzobe kungabikho ukushisa okuhlala njalo.
Ngezinga elikhulu, ukusakazwa okusikiwe okwenziwe endaweni enamabala kusenziwa emhlabathini ovulekile: ukusika kutshalwe emseleni ngaphansi kwethambeka elincane, okungcono endaweni enomthunzi. Ekwindla bahlala endaweni ehlala njalo.
Izinzuzo kanye Nezinkinga ze-Tree Raspberry
Umuthi okusajingijolo kunezinzuzo eziningana:
- Ukugula kanye nokulwa nezinambuzane
- Ukumelana nesithwathwa
- Izithelo kakhulu ngisho nasekushiseni okwedlulele (+30 ° C emthunzini). Nikeza ukuthambisa okuncane ukuze amajikijolo abe muncu.
- Isivuno esiphakeme (cishe ama-10 kg wezithelo ezihlahleni esisodwa esidala).
- Akukhova emeveni, okwenza inqubo yokuvuna ibe lula futhi ijabulise.
- Amajikijolo makhulu (angaba ngu-4 cm ubude, kukhona imidondoshiya engu-90 cm ubude), ahlukaniswe kahle nesiqu.
- Ayidingi i-garter.
- Isihlahla “asisabalali” phezu kwalesi sakhiwo: phakathi nenkathi, ukusikwa okukodwa kunikeza amagatsha okufaka esikhundleni se-10-12.
Kukhona ezinye izithiyo:
- Izinhlobo zesitrobheli ezinesitashi ziyaphenduka: izithelo ziqala ngasekupheleni kukaJuni nasekuqaleni kukaJulayi. Maphakathi neRussia naseSiberia, awukwazi ukuthola isivuno esingu-1/3, amanye amajikijolo ngeke avuthwe futhi azowa ngaphansi kwesithwathwa.
- Ukuzala futhi kunzima, ngoba inani lokufakwa esikhundleni lincane. Kulokhu, izindleko zezithombo ziphakeme, kepha izithelo eziningi zibonisa zonke izindleko.
Izinhlobo ezijwayelekile zama-raspberry anesithombe nencazelo
Isithombe se-raspiberi Stambovaya Tarusa
I-Tarusa yiyona evame kakhulu kwezolimo, eyokuqala phakathi kwezifuywayo. Amajikijolo anwebekile, acwebile, abukhulu (anesisindo esingu-4-12 g), abomvu ngombala ngephunga elimnandi. Ngemuva kokuthi kwakhiwe “umqhele” wesithombo, awudingi ukuthenwa okuningana; i-rhizome ayisabalali endaweni. Ingatshalwa yonke indawo eRussia - kubusika impela kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, kepha ezindaweni ezibandayo ukulungiselela ubusika kuyadingeka (amahlumela agobeke phansi, kamuva ambozwe ungqimba lweqhwa).
Isitembu raspberries Fortress isithombe
Inqaba - okusakazwa kahle ngemisiko, kunika okuningi (ngokuqhathaniswa nakho konke) kweziqu zokubuyiselwa. Izinhlobo ezithela phezulu - zinikeza cishe ama-4 kg amajikijolo esihlahleni. Izithelo ziba sesimweni esihle, zingaba ngu-10 cm ubude. Izithelo zizinzile ngaphandle kwezimo zangaphandle.
Isitembu raspberries Tale isithombe
Inganekwane - izinhlobonhlobo zokukhiqiza okuphezulu (kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa esikhulile uyakwazi ukuqoqa amajikijolo ayi-12). Izithelo ziyakubekezelela kahle ukuthutha. Isihlahla sakha uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande kanye namahlumela aqinile, okwandisa ukumelana nokubanda.
Amajikijolo esithombe se-raspberry Shtambovaya Galaxy
I-Galaxy Isihlahla sibonisa isilinganiso sokukhula okuphakathi. Iyasatshalaliswa okuphakathi futhi ayakhi imizimba. Amajikijolo amakhulu anesisindo esingaba ngu-10-18 g akhula amahlumela. Okuhlukahlukene kuhlukaniswa ngokuzimela okuqinile kobusika.
Izithombe ezijwayelekile ze-raspberry Bogatyr zesihlahla esinamajikijolo
I-Bogatyr. Amahlumela akha amahlumela akhule kahle kuwo akukho munga. Izithelo zohlobo lwe-dessert. Zinejamo le-conical nosayizi omkhulu. Ukuqina kwe-hardness yasebusika yezinhlobonhlobo, ukuhamba kwayo nokungahambelani kwamagciwane ahlukahlukene we-pathogenic kwaphawulwa.
Ezinye izinhlobo ezidumile zama-raspberry esihlahla:
Isithombe se-Raspberry Penguin esifakiwe
I-penguin ne-Eurasia ziyizinhlobo ezifanayo kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli ku-1,3 m, ekugcineni kwe-fruiting, wonke amahlumela anqunywa acishe afinyelela ezimpandeni. Amajikijolo makhulu (enesisindo esingama-5 g). Isikhathi sezithelo singoJulayi-Septhemba.
Isitembu raspibheli Giant isithombe
I-Gigantic - isihlahla siphakeme cishe ngamamitha ayi-1.8. Amajikijolo anombala obomvu okhanyayo, anesisindo esingu-8-12 g, angashisi ngesikhathi sokuhamba.
Sitayela se-raspiberi Glen Amp lesitaki
IGlen Ampl - izinhlobonhlobo zivumelaniswa kahle nezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zenhlabathi kanye nezimo zezulu.
Izici eziwusizo zesihlahla se-raspberry
Amajikijolo okusajingijolo aneqoqo lezakhi eziwusizo: ushukela, i-sucrose, i-fructose; i-malic, i-citric, i-salicylic acid; amavithamini A, B, C; aqukethe i-zinc, ithusi, i-iron, i-calcium, amaminerali nosawoti. Amajikijolo aphuzi anokuqukethwe kwe-carotene ephezulu.
Ngokubambisana nemithi, ama-raspberries ayasiza ezifweni ezahlukahlukene:
- Amakhaza, umkhuhlane, i-SARS (ngendlela yesiphuzo isetshenziswa njenge-ejentiretic ne-antipyretic ejenti enhle kakhulu);
- Weathisa ukukhwehlela okunamandla;
- Kunconyelwe i-gastritis, isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi, i-scurvy (ngenxa yokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwevithamini C), i-anemia (ukubuyiselwa kokusilela kwensimbi emzimbeni).
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Umvuni wokuqala we-raspberries nguPliny, owayehlala eRoma yasendulo. Ngemuva kokunambitha amabhele endle yaseKrethe, wakhipha isithombo sokutshala engadini.
Kufakazelwe ngokwesayensi ukuthi idlpberry eyodwa eyodwa ingathuthukisa imizwa futhi isize ukubuyisela uhlelo lwezinzwa ngemuva kwengcindezi.
I-Aronia raspberry ithathwa njengewusizo kakhulu, ngoba inekhono elihlukile lokuqinisa izindonga zemithambo yegazi.
