I-Actinidia ingachazwa njengesitshalo esikhanyayo nesiqu esinamandla njengesihlahla esimbozwe ngamaqabunga amakhulu. Kwakunesikhathi lapho lesi sitshalo sisetshenziselwa kabanzi ukuhlobisa.
Kodwa-ke, kamuva kwezinye izinhlobo bakwazi ukuthola izithelo ezinambitheka kamnandi. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-actinidia yasendle yaqala ukusetshenziswa njengesisekelo sokutshala izinhlobo zezithelo. Enye yazo isithandwa kakhulu futhi yaziwa kabanzi ezweni lethu. Le kiwi edumile.
Ingatshalwa kuphela esimweni sezulu esishisayo. IColomict actinidia, enezakhiwo eziningi ezifana ne-kiwi, ibukeka sengathi yecebo elihlukile kancane. Namuhla, lokhu kuhlukahluka kungatshalwa ngisho nasezimweni zesimo sezulu saseRussia, futhi amajikijolo avela abe amnandi futhi asezingeni eliphakeme njengezithelo ezithandwayo.
Incazelo nezici ze-actinidia
Imizamo yabafuyi bezindawo akuzange ibe yize - kunezindlela eziningi ezintsha ze-actinidia ezingatshalwa ezindaweni ezinobunzima njengeSiberia, i-Urals, iSifunda saseMoscow, njll.
Uma umlimi ezokhulisa i-actinidia esifundeni saseMoscow noma ezinye izindawo ezinokhahlo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa izinhlobo zeColomict.
Lolu hlobo lwe-actinidia alugcini kuphela ngokunciphisa izimo ezikhulayo, kodwa futhi kuyahluka ekumelaneni nesithwathwa esiphakeme. Ngakho-ke, ukuyinakekela kuzoba lula kakhulu.
- Ngenkathi yokukhula, lesi sitshalo sithola izici ze-creeper, ezakha amagatsha anamandla okwaluka, ahlotshiswe ngamaqabunga amakhulu aluhlaza wesimo esenziwe ngenhliziyo. Ngokuvamile ubude bawo abudluli ku-15 cm.
- Ngokuqondene nombala, awuhlali unomphela, ngakho-ke amaqabunga e-actinidia kuzo zonke izinkathi abukeka ngendlela entsha. Isimo sokuhlobisa se-actinidia sivezwa kakhulu ekwindla: kungalesi sikhathi lapho amaqabunga nezithelo zakha umehluko wombala ogqamile kakhulu.
- Isigaba sokuqhakaza se-actinidia sihlala isikhathi eside ngokwanele. Izimbali zokuqala zivulwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi, zihlala kule ndawo amasonto amathathu. Ubuhle be-actinidia bunikezwa hhayi kangako ngumbala wokuqala njengokwakheka kwezimbali okungajwayelekile.
- Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo sikhipha iphunga elimnandi lokukhumbuza umnduze wesigodi, i-jasmine ne-lilac. Ngesikhathi sokuzala, izitshalo zingena ngezikhathi ezihlukene, kepha-ke, lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka phakathi kuka-Agasti no-Okthoba.
Izinhlobo ze-Actinidia
Okudume kakhulu ezweni lethu yilezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:
I-Pineapple Michurina.- Kukhuliswe kakhulu.
- UClara Zetkin.
- I-Apricot
- Imnandi Marmalade.
- I-anyanisi.
I-Pineapple Michurina.Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezikhona ze-actinidia, izinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu abalimi I-Argut, Colomict, Polygamum. Ngakho-ke, zivame ukuba namagama afanayo.
Lezi zinhlobonhlobo ze-actinidia azibukeki zihle nje kuphela, kodwa futhi zikhiqiza kakhulu, ziletha njalo isizini amajikijolo amaningi anomunambithi omuhle futhi acebile ngamavithamini C
Actinidia Colomictus. Kuzo zonke izinhlobo, lena ifaneleka kakhulu ukulinyelwa ezimeni zeSifunda saseMosos nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho. Akesabi amaqabunga aze afike ku--10 degrees.
Kulula kakhulu ukunakekela lesi sitshalo, ngakho-ke nomuntu olingile ongakwazi ukwenza lo msebenzi. Ekwindla, izithelo ezincane ziyavuthwa, zifinyelela kubude obungu-2,5 cm.
Isisindo sezithelo azidluli kuma-g ayi-5. Abenambithelo omnandi futhi omuncu. Isihlahla esisodwa minyaka yonke singathwala izithelo ezingama-5 kg. Amajikijolo avuthwa ngezingxenye, ngokubambezeleka kokuqoqwa, ayathulula.
Actinidia Argut. Yize lokhu kuhlukahluka kuvame ukuhlukaniswa njengeqembu lezilimo ezivimbela ukubanda, kodwa-ke, lingabekezelela iqhwa elingaphansi kwama-40 degrees.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ngokumelene nesizinda seKolomikta, lokhu kuhlukaniswa ngezithelo ezinkulu, ezinesisindo esiyi-g 10. Isitshalo esisodwa se-actinidia singakhiqiza amajikijolo ayi-10 ngesizini. Izithelo eziye zafinyelela esimweni sokuvuthwa kwezobuchwepheshe zihlala emagatsheni kuze kube yilapho kuphela isithwathwa.
Actinidia Polygamy. Le nhlobonhlobo ayinamandla futhi obandayo, ngoba ingabekezelela amazinga okushisa angaphansi kwe-35 degrees. Izitshalo ezivame ukukhula kakhulu yizinhlobo ezinjenge-Apricot, Perchik, Start, Ubuhle.
Enye yezinto ukuthi amajikijolo awakhukhumeki ngemuva kokuvuthwa. Inokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu, ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa ishintsha umbala wayo ojwayelekile ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ube orenji.
Ukukhetha indawo yokukhulisa i-actinidia
Lapho esethathe isinqumo sokutshala i-actinidia esakhiweni sakhe, umlimi kufanele aqale anqume ngendawo angayitshala kuyo. Kungcono ukuhlinzeka ngokusekelwa kwesitshalo, esingasetshenziswa njenge-arch, uthango noma i-arbor.
Ngenqubo yokukhula, i-actinidia yakha uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, olungathinta kabi ukutshala komakhelwane. Ngenxa yalokhu, kunconywa i-actinidia beka ngangokunokwenzeka ezihlahleni zezithelo nezihlahla.
Akufanele ikhule kungabi ngaphezu kwamamitha amathathu maqondana nokutshala okungomakhelwane. Njengesilinganiso sokuvikela, ungasebenzisa isilayidi noma uthini, omba emhlabathini ozungeze izitshalo.
Kungcono ukutshala i-actinidia entwasahlobo. Maphakathi nezwe lethu, isikhathi esikahle salokhu senzeka ngo-Ephreli. U-Liana ukhula kahle emaphashini nenhlabathi enothe umanyolo.
Kodwa-ke, ungabali izimbali eziningi nezithelo lapho utshala kubumba nenhlabathi enomswakama. Ukuqina komswakama kuthinta kabi ukukhula kwesitshalo, okuholela ekufakweni nasekufeni kwephisi.
Ezindaweni ezinjalo kufanele ahlele ukukhipha amanzi. Kungakuhle ukuthi imigodi ipheke selokhu yawa. Izitshalo azidingi kubekwa eduze kuka-1.5 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ezithelweni zezinsikazi ezingama-5-7, kumele okungenani kube nesitshalo esisodwa sowesilisa.
I-Actinidia: ukutshala nokunakekela
Ngaphambi kokutshala, kuyadingeka ukulungiselela umgodi, ubukhulu kanye nokujula kwawo okufanele okungenani ube ngama-60 cm. Okokuqala, phansi kufanele kugcwaliswe ngodonsa, lapho kusetshenziswa khona udaka, udaka olwandisiwe, itshe elichotshoziwe noma isihlabathi somfula.
Zibekwe ungqimba olungamasentimitha ayi-15 emva kwalokho, emgodini chaza ingxube yenhlabathi, ukuyilungisa kusuka engxenyeni yebhakede le-humus, ezweni le-sod, inani elincane lomlotha.
Ubuchwepheshe bezolimo bokukhula kwe-actinidia bufana nezithelo zomvini. Isitshalo siphendula kahle ekunweni okuvamisile, noma kunjalo, lapho ukushuba komswakama akufanele kubhekwe.
Umphumela omuhle utholakala ngokufafaza amaqabunga, okumele wenziwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa. I-Actinidia ikhula kangcono uma ngaphansi kwesihlahla khulula inhlabathi njalo.
Kodwa-ke, umuntu kufanele aqaphele kakhulu lapha, ngoba uhlelo lwempande lusondele ngaphezulu. Isikhathi sokuqala umhlaba sikhululwe ngemuva kokuba ikhava leqhwa lincibilike ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngokuncike kuzo zonke izenzo zokunakekela i-actinidia, ungathola isivuno sokuqala eminyakeni emihlanu.
Izihlahla zokuthena nokubumba
Njengomthetho, izitshalo zokuthena kuhlelwa ekwindla. Isixazululo esifanayo silungile ngenxa yokuthi kuleli cala ungakugwema ukuqothuka komvini, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukufa kwez amahlumela.
Ukunquma entwasahlobo kungenzeka kuphela ezimweni lapho kunesidingo esiphuthumayo. Futhi kungcono ukwenza lokhu ngaphambi kokunyakaza kwejusi. Imvamisa lo msebenzi uhlelwa ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi.
Kunemigomo eminingana lapho i-actinidia yakhelwe entwasahlobo:
- ukwakheka kweziqalo;
- ukususwa kwamahlumela angenasici, ngokwesibonelo, ngezibonakaliso zokugula;
- izindawo ezinwebekile.
Kuyadingeka ukususa amahlumela 2 cm ngaphezu kwezinso, usebenzisa kuphela ithuluzi elihlanzekile nelibukhali. Ukusikwa kufanele kube bushelelezi ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi iziphene, njengezimbambo, iziqhekeza nezindalo.
Lapho wenza isitshalo, ungathatha njengesisekelo iphethini yomvini yemikhono emibili. Ngemuva kwalokho, okungenani iminyaka eyi-10, kuzoletha isivuno esikhulu ngaphandle kwesidingo sokuphinda okuphindwe kabili isikhathi eside.
Uma lesi sitshalo sinesimo fan, khona-ke izokwenzeka njalo ngeminyaka engama-3-4 yenza ukuvuselelwa kwesihlahla. Kulokhu, ukuthenwa kokuqala kwenziwa ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila kwesitshalo.
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-actinidia
Kunezindlela eziningi zokusakaza i-actinidia: ukusika, ukubeka kanye nembewu. Indlela yokugcina isetshenziswa okungenani kaningi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi engxenyeni yezimo zezitshalo zesilisa zikhula kusuka ezinhlanyelweni eziyimbewu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukubikezela kusengaphambili ukuthi i-actinidia izoba yini. Amamodeli kuphela aneminyaka engu-5-7 ubudala angena esigabeni sokuzala. Ngakho-ke, uma ungazi ukuthi lesi sitshalo singowesilisa, ungaba sesimweni esingathandeki.
Ukusakazeka ngokuhlelwa. Ukugwema ubunzima obunokwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusakazeka, kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukwakheka. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukukhetha umvini ophilile, owakhiwe kahle, okufanele ungcwatshwe ngoMeyi noma ekuqaleni kukaJuni.
Ekwindla, ijika ibe yisithombo sekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu enohlelo olunamandla lwezimpande. Noma kunjalo Ochwepheshe batusa ubashiye kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo, ukuze ngalesi sikhathi bakwazi ukunquma imivini ngaphandle kokubangela ukulimala okukhulu esitshalweni.
Ukusakazwa ngokusika kanye namathiphu abalimi abanolwazi
Ukuze kusakazeke i-actinidia ngezihlahla, kunconywa ukukhetha amagatsha aluhlaza. Banesilinganiso sokusinda esiphakeme, okungama-90%. Isimo sibi kakhulu nge-cutised lignified, okuthatha izimpande kungabi ngaphezu kwama-60% wamacala.
Izinsika ezikhethiwe zokutshala kufanele zibe nobude obungadluli ku-15 cm. zivunwa ngasekupheleni kukaJuni, emva kwalokho zitshalwe endaweni elungiselelwe ngokukhethekile: indawo kufanele ibe emthunzini futhi uhlala umswakama.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, okwenziwa ngokufika ku-50 cm, umgodi kufanele ugcwaliswe ngenhlanganisela yesihlabathi kanye ne-peat, kuthathwe isilinganiso 2: 1. Imvamisa, ukwakheka okuphelele kohlelo lwempande kuthatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga. Ngenxa yalokho, kakade ekwindla ungathola amagatsha amasha.
Kubalimi abajwayelekile, lesi sitshalo se-actinidia sibonakala saziwa kancane, kepha empeleni lokhu akusilona iqiniso. Kunezinhlobonhlobo cishe sonke esike sizwe ngazo. Kumayelana ne-kiwi, okungukuthi ikhiqiza i-Actinidia.
Ngokwemvelo, ingatshalwa kuphela ezimeni eziphansi kwezwe. Kodwa-ke, ngesimo sezulu selizwe lethu, kunezinhlobo ezihambisanayo ze-Actinidia ezizwakala zilungile ngisho nasezindaweni ezinobunzima njengeSifunda SaseMoscow neSiberia.
Kwesokudla Ukukhetha okuhlukahlukene kanye nemikhuba yezolimo Ukutshala kwe-actinidia kusivumela ukuba silindele ukuthi, ngokunakekelwa okufanele, i-actinidia ngeke nje ibe ngumhlobiso okhanyayo wekhishi lasehlobo, kodwa futhi ikwazi ukujabulisa umlimi ngezithelo ezimnandi.
