Umgcini wegadi ngamunye unombono wakhe mayelana nesikhathi esifanelekile sokutshala utshani. Ukufakelwa kwentwasahlobo entwasahlobo - ekuqaleni kukaMashi noma ekwindla - ngoSepthemba noma ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba kunezinhlangothi zawo ezinhle nezimbi. Kepha isikhathi eshibhile kunazo zonke kubahlali basehlobo, lapho ungatshala utshani, kuseyisikhathi sokuwa.
Izinzuzo Zokutshala Kwe-Autumn
I-Autumn yisikhathi esikahle sokuhluma kwembewu okusheshayo nokwakhiwa kwezimpande. Kukhona zonke izinto zemvelo zalokhu - kungumhlabathi omanzi nokunisela okwanele ngendlela yezimvula, izinga lokushisa lomoya eliphakathi (ngokungafani nokushisa nokushisa kwasehlobo).
Ukuze ukhule utshani obusezingeni eliphezulu, udinga inani elithile lesikhathi sokulungisa inhlabathi, okuyinto enganele entwasahlobo, futhi ekwindla (ngemuva kokuvunwa) ingaphezulu kakhulu.
Esikhathini sekwindla, inani lezinambuzane esizeni liyancipha, notshani wotshani buyema ukukhula.
Lapho ukutshala kusenesikhathi (kusukela ngoSepthemba 1 kuya ku-15), utshani obunotshani buzoba nesikhathi sokukhula kahle futhi bukhule bube ukuphakama okungaba ngu-10 cm ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kufike kuqala iqhwa lobusuku. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo ngempela, ungaba nesikhathi sokuncwilisa utshani bokuqala. Ngokuhlwanyela kamuva, kunengozi yokuthi izitshalo ezincane ezingavuthiwe ziqandanyeze lapho kufika ubusika, ngoba ngeke zikhule ngokwanele.
Lapho ukuhlwanyela ubusika imbewu yezitshalo zotshani, amahlumela okuqala aluhlaza avela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Imbewu iyanconywa ukuba ihlwanyelwe ngamazinga okushisa angama-0 kuye ku-5 degrees Celsius (ngasekupheleni kuka-Okthoba - ekuqaleni kukaNovemba) bese imboza ngokushesha nge-mulching ungqimba equkethe i-peat noma umhlaba owomile. Imbewu ebandayo iba "lukhuni" futhi izitshalo ezincane ezibonakala entwasahlobo zingazizwa zimnandi kunoma yiluphi ushintsho lokushisa, olunamafrimu amancane, ngesikhathi sezulu esishisa isikhathi eside. Izifo nezinambuzane zezitshalo ezinjalo ziyingozi ezimeni ezincane.
Ukutshala kwe-Autumn namaphutha ayo
Uma isikhathi sekwindla esifudumele sidonsa isikhathi eside, khona-ke ukuhlwanyelwa kwasebusika kuzoqala ukuhluma ngaphambi kokuqala kobusika, khona-ke izithombo zizofa kusiqhwa sokuqala.
Indlela yasebusika yokuhlwanyela utshani obunotshani ayinakusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezisethambekeni, ngoba ngesikhathi sentwasahlobo eqhweni imbewu izotheleka nenhlabathi.
Imithetho yokutshala utshani ekwindla
Ukutshala utshani kuqukethe amaphuzu amathathu asemqoka: ukulungisa indawo, ukusebenzisa imidwebo ephezulu enhlabathini, kuhlwanyele imbewu.
Ukulungiswa kwesiza
Ukulungiswa komhlaba kuqala cishe izinsuku ezingama-20-30 ngaphambi kokuqala kokutshala. Abalimi abangaqhubi le nqubo okokuqala bayalulekwa ukuthi baqale lo msebenzi ekupheleni kwehlobo. Ukulungiselela kufaka phakathi ukuvunwa kwamatshe amakhulu, imfucumfucu, ukhula, izihlahlana ezomisiwe kanye nokususwa kweziqu. Ngenqwaba enkulu yokhula, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amakhemikhali ukwelapha isiza. Ngemuva kokuhlanza indawo yotshani lwakusasa, baqhubeka nokumba yonke indawo ekhethiwe futhi bahlanze izinsalela zezitshalo ezitholakele lapho bemba inhlabathi.
Kuzodingeka olunye ungqimba lwamanzi kulezo zindawo ezitholakala ezindaweni eziphansi futhi ezingaphansi kwezikhukhula emanzini entwasahlobo. Kulula ukuyakha ngisho nabalimi abangenalwazi. Okokuqala udinga ukususa ungqimba lomhlabathi oluphezulu, ugcwalise indawo nganoma iyiphi imfucumfucu yokwakha (ngokwesibonelo, isitini ephukile noma amatshe), bese kuba nesendlalelo sesihlabathi somfula esingaba ngumuntu (cishe 10 cm) kanye nenhlabathi evundile ekhishwe ngaphezulu. Isendlalelo ngasinye sinconywa ukuba sidalulwe ngokusebenzisa i-skating rink noma i-log thick.
Isicelo somanyolo
Kuyadingeka ukondla inhlabathi endaweni yokutshala utshani bezitshalo cishe ngezinsuku eziyi-7-10. AmaNitrogen aqukethe izingxube zamaminerali eziyinkimbinkimbi noma okokugqokwa okuphezulu okuhloselwe utshani kuyanconywa ukuba kusakazeke ebusweni bendawo futhi kulungiswe nge-tile ekujuleni okujulile.
Izindlela zokufakelwa
Ukutshala imbewu kwenziwa ngesandla, kusetshenziswa i-seeder noma i-hydraulic seeder.
Ukutshala ngesandla kuyabiza kakhulu futhi kufaneleka kuwo wonke utshani. Isimo sezulu ngosuku lokuhlwanyela kufanele kube nokuzola nokufudumele. Ingaphezulu lomhlabathi esakhiweni kufanele lithanjiswe ngesifutho. Cishe ziyodingeka imitha engama-60-70 g ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele. Lokhu kukhuphuke khudlwana kwesilinganiso esivamile sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, kepha nokho kwesinye isikhathi kufanele sihlwanyele utshani entwasahlobo, uma ezinye imbewu zingavuthiwe.
Izinto zembewu ezixubeke ezingxenyeni ezilinganayo nenhlabathi eyomile noma ngesihlabathi esihle kufanele ihlukaniswe izimbotshana ezimbili futhi ngayinye yazo ihlwanyelwe ngezindlela ezihlukile. Elinye endaweni yonke yomhlaba, nelinye ngaphesheya. Okunye ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu (ngokuzithandela) kutuswa ukuba kwenziwe emaphethelweni utshani. Ngemuva kwalokho, wonke umhlaba umbozwe ungqimba oluncane lwe-mulching (yesihlabathi esomile, i-peat noma i-sawdust yokhuni), egcotshwe ngesibhamu sokufafaza futhi ihlanganiswe kancane nge-log enkulu noma i-roller yesandla.
IHydrosowing yenziwa kusetshenziswa idivaysi ekhethekile yesimanje - i-hydraulic seeder. Isetshenziselwa ukutshala utshani bendawo enkulu, kanye nasemithambekeni nakwezinye izindawo ezingenakufinyeleleka. Izinto zokutshala imbewu, kanye namanzi nazo zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo, ziyafafazwa kusetshenziswa i-hydraulic seeder ngaphezulu kwendawo elungiselelwe. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa, ingxube iyaqandeka, futhi imbewu iphephile ezinambuzaneni nasemimoyeni enamandla.
