AmaCherry Orchards Amile

Ngubani obekungafanele ancome izihlahla zomhluzi eziqhakazayo eziqhamukayo, futhi ngemuva kokukhetha amajikijolo aqinile, anojikijolo emagatsheni?

Ama-cherries okuqala amuncu alethwa eYurophu esuka e-Asia Minor, futhi amnandi avela ePheresiya. Ama-Cherry ayekhiqizwa eGrisi yasendulo.

Kancane kancane, i-cherry yasakazeka kulo lonke elaseYurophu. AmaSlavs asendulo aze abe nonkulunkulu ogama lakhe lingu “Kearnis”, owaba nengxenye ekwakhiweni kwezihlahla zikakhokho. Futhi eJalimane, ngokoqobo kuze kube yikhulu leminyaka eledlule, lapho kugujwa uNyaka oMusha, baletha endlini hhayi isihlahla sikaKhisimusi, kodwa i-cherry etshalwe kubhavu. Abelaphi eRussia babheka ama-cherries njengesihlahla sokuphulukisa.

Manje ama-cherries asabalale imbulunga yonke ezinhlotsheni zawo eziyi-150. Kwamanye amazwe, ama-cherries asebenza njengesiko le-horticultural, kwamanye njengokuhlobisa okulula kwengadi noma ipaki.

Izinhlobo zama-cherries zihlukile. Kepha ngokuyisisekelo zihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ama-bushy (afinyelela ku-3m ukuphakama) kanye nomumo wesihlahla (cishe ama-5-6m ukuphakama). Ama-Cherry akhiwe bush athela izithelo ngonyaka we-2 emva kokutshala isithombo, ziphindaphindwa kahle ihlumela, kepha zihlala isikhashana. Izithelo ezinjengezihlahla ziveza izithelo ngonyaka we-4, zikhiqiza kakhulu (zivelise ku-15-20 kg) futhi isikhathi sokuphila kwazo zingaba yiminyaka engama-20.

Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-cherry ezinikeza isivuno esitebeleni, ezinobusika obuqinile futhi ezikhula ekuqaleni yilezi:

• I-"Vladimirskaya" i-cherry (ukuphakama kufike ku-3.5m, isivuno esiphakeme, ukuvuthwa okuphakathi, izithelo zibomvu okumnyama, isobho);
• I-"Amorel" ipinki (izinhlobonhlobo zokukhetha, ukuphakama okuphakathi, izithelo ezi-pink ngokunambitheka okuhle);
• I-"Lyubskaya" (izinhlobonhlobo zakudala, ukuphakama okuphakathi, ukuthela kakhulu, izithelo zibomvu, zibomvu);
• I-"Crimson" (emangele, ivuthiwe);
• I-"Moscow Griot" (izithelo ezinde, ezincane, eziyindilinga, ukukhiqiza okuphezulu);
• "I-Zhukovskaya" (ubude obuphakathi, izithelo ezinezithelo ezimnyama);
• I-"Turgenevka" (izimbali ezifika sekwephuzile, ukuzala, izithelo ezinkulu, okumnandi nokumuncu).

Ama-Cherry kufanele atshalwe ngokuya ngemithetho ethile. Okwenzelwa indawo, kukhethwe indawo ephakemeyo, mhlawumbe kukhanyiswe kahle. UCherry uthanda inhlabathi ye-chernozem, kanye nenhlabathi grey, ethambile. Awukwazi ukutshala ama-cherries enhlabathini ene-acidic, ngoba inganciphisa kakhulu ukukhula. Kulungiswa umgodi wokugibela ekwindla. Ukufiswa kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo. Umgodi wokufika kufanele ube wobukhulu obunjalo: ubukhulu mayelana nama-80 cm, ukujula - cm angama-60. Ground exutshwe nomanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic kumele ibekwe ezimpandeni zamakhherubi. Umgodi ugcwaliswa ngo-5-8 cm ngaphezu kwezinga lomhlabathi, njengoba umhlaba uzinza kancane kancane. Ngemuva kokufakwa kokuzungeza isithombo yenza ububanzi be-5 cm ukuphakama ukunisela isiyingi sesiqu. Kufakwa isigxobo eside eduze kwesihlahla futhi uhlolo luboshelwe kuyo.

I-Cherry isabalalisa kahle ngokwanele ngamahlumela, ukusika izimpande nokuxhunyelelwa. Amahlumela angavunwa kunoma yisiphi isihlahla se-cherry, kodwa kungcono ukusikimba ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Lapho zisakazwa ngokusikwa kwezimpande entwasahlobo, zimba izimpande eziwu-0-1-1.0 m esihlahleni somuntu okhulile, zikhethe izimpande ezingeqi ku-1-1,5 cm obukhulu kanye nobude obungu-15 cm; lezi zinqubo ezimpande zitshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo eziphephe amafilimu.

Ukugoma kuyindlela enzima kunazo zonke yokwandisa ama-cherries, kudinga amakhono athile. Kwenziwa entwasahlobo noma ehlobo ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap. Imijovo ivunwa kusuka ekwindla bese igcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo ngamazinga okushisa ayi-0 (egumbini elingaphansi, esiqandisini). Gxila ukusikeka ngezinhlamvu ezingama-2-3 usebenzisa izindlela “zokuxineka,” ngemuva kwegxolo nasekubumbeni kwamuva.

Ukunakekelwa kwe-Cherry kukhethekile. Ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukukhulula ngokucophelela inhlabathi eduze nezimpande. Ngaphambi kokuvula, kusetshenziswa umanyolo we-nitrogen (i-calcium nitrate ne-urea). Banomthelela ekukhuleni okuhle nokuqhakaza kwezimbali eziningi.

Izihlahla ze-Cherry zithululelwa entwasahlobo ngesilinganiso samabhakede ama-3 ngesihlahla esi-1 (kepha lokhu kusesimweni sezulu esishisayo). Ukuchelela ngakunye esikhathini ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kanye nokukhula okusebenzayo kwamahlumela kungahambisana nokufaka umanyolo ngamanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic.

Amahlumela amaningi asuswa phakathi nonyaka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bamba inhlabathi futhi basike amahlumela uqobo, bangashiyi ngisho nesigaxa, ngoba ukuqhuma okusha kanye namahlumela kungakhula kuso.

NgoJuni, ngesimo sezulu esomile, ukunisela ama-cherries kuyaphindwa. Futhi ngokubopha izithelo ezingaphezulu nokubeka izithelo efihlekile, ungaphinda ukuphindisela okuphezulu kwesiyingi sezimpande ngomanyolo.

Ekwindla, kusungulwa imbuthano eseduze, isiqu, umanyolo we-organic (humus) phosphate asetshenziswa kuqala.

Ngo-Okthoba, aqala ukuhlanza amagatsha asemathanjeni kanye namagatsha asemakhazeni aqandisiwe, ilayisi. Amanxeba esihlahleni ahlanzwa ngesisombululo se-zethusi noma sensimbi bese ehlanganiswa nge-var. Uma ngonyaka izimbobo zavela esiqwini somuthi, lapho-ke kufanele zifakwe usimende.

Ukuze kube ngcono ubusika, izihlahla zimbozwe inhlabathi, kwathi ngoNovemba-Disemba banyathela iqhwa emibuthanweni eseduze. Ngaso leso sikhathi, ukusikwa kokugoma kwentwasahlobo kufanele kusikwe.