Ukunakekelwa kwe-blackcurrant yasentwasahlobo

Isikhathi sesifikile sokusebenza kwentwasahlobo engadini, amajikijolo, engadini. Namuhla ake sikhulume nge-blackcurrant. Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okudingekayo kule berry entwasahlobo? Kumele kushiwo ukuthi ukucubungula kwentwasahlobo yezitshalo ze-berry kubaluleke kakhulu ukwedlula ekwindla. Ukulandelana komsebenzi kungaguqulwa uma kusekhona iqhwa futhi omunye umsebenzi ungaqedwa. Isibonelo, ukwenza ukuhlanza kwentwasahlobo kwe-blackcurrant kusuka kudoti oqoqwe ngesikhathi sekwindla-nobusika. Musa ukwenza ukwakha izihlahla uma kwenziwa ekwindla. Kepha ake sizame ukubheka wonke umsebenzi ngokulandelana.

Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo kwe-blackcurrant kufaka phakathi umsebenzi ophuthumayo njengo:

• ukuhlanza izihlahla ezimnyama
• izihlahla zokuthena
• izihlahla zokuthena
• ukwelashwa ngokumelene izinambuzane nezifo
• ukugqoka okuphezulu okumnyama
• ukuchelela
• ukuthukululwa kwenhlabathi nokuqunjelwa

Ukuhlanza ama-blackcurrant bush

Ukuhlanzwa okuyinhloko kwezihlahla ze-blackcurrant kusuka kumagatsha amadala, amaqabunga awile, ukhula lwenziwa ekwindla. Kodwa-ke, udoti uqongelela phakathi nenkathi yasekwindla-ebusika futhi kufanele ususwe. Ngokucophelela sibamba i-currant emnyama esihlahleni futhi, phakathi kwamagatsha esihlahleni, amahlamvu asendulo aqothuliwe futhi uqiniseke ukuthi uyashisa. Kuyo, ngaphandle kokungabaza, ezinye izinambuzane ebusika, zithathe umhlalaphansi sekwephuzile.

Ukuthenwa kwenhlanzeko yenhlanzeko

Hlola ngokucophelela isihlahla se-currant emnyama. Sinqume onke amagatsha aphukile, akhula ngaphakathi, amagatsha anesifo futhi awomile.

Sihlola amagatsha angaphansi sinqume ukulala phansi. Bachotshozwa yiqhwa. Sinqume ekugcineni noma okokugcina izinso eziphilayo, sibheke phezulu. Sihlanganisa amagatsha.

Sihlola amagatsha amadala we-blackcurrant, okuthi izithelo zawo ziphumelele. Lawa ngamagatsha aneminyaka engu-6-7 ubudala. Zimbozwe ngamagxolo amadala ahlanganayo, cishe azinamahlumela amasha aqhakazayo kanye nemiqumbe. Amagatsha anjalo ngeke akhe isivuno, kepha ezinye izakhamzimba ezisencane zizosuswa. Siyazisika eduze kwenhlabathi futhi sizithumele ngenqwaba.

Siphendukela amahlumela aphilayo avundile we-blackcurrant. Sihlola ngakunye kusuka ezansi kuya esiqongweni segatsha. Uma kunezingxenye ezifriziwe, usike kwizinso eliphilayo.

Uma isihlahla esimnyama sibukeka siphelile, amahlumela amasha aqhakaza izithelo amancanyana, asike onke ngo-8-10 cm. Le ndlela izosindisa amabutho esihlahlini ekwakhekeni kwesitshalo.

Nakulokhu futhi, hlola amahlumela aqhakaza izimbali. Kwamanye amagatsha, amahlumela avuvukala, ayindilinga. Lapho izimbuzane zalaliswa ebusika. Uma lonke igatsha lithintekile, silisika ngaphandle kokuzisola. Ngaphandle kwalokho, singashiywa singekho isivuno. Amagatsha athintekile e-blackcurrant kufanele ashiswe.

Uma kukhona ama-buds angama-1-2 avuvukala ekuhlatshweni kwezimbali kwe-blackcurrant, siyawasusa bese siwafaka esikhwameni noma ephaketheni. Ngemuva kwalokho siyazishisa, njengawo wonke amagatsha asikiwe.

Ukuthena okujwayelekile kwe-Blackcurrant

Ngemuva kwakho konke ukuthungwa kokulungiselela, baqala ukuthenwa kwaminyaka yonke kwamasebe amnyama ukuze kulayishwe ihlathi.

Umthwalo we-blackcurrant bush wenziwa ngokuhambisana nokuthenwa kwendle. Emabhasini amancane aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala, amahlumela amasha akhule kahle ashiywe, okusele kunqunywe kwindandatho eduze komhlabathi. Iziqu zisikwa ukuze kwakhiwe indilinga noma i-quadrangle enemigwaqo ecishe ilingane komunye nomunye. Asikho isidingo sokushiya ukukhula okuncane ngaphakathi kulo mbuthano / isikwele. Lapho isisekelo sibanzi, kuqhakaza isihlahla esimnyama futhi yilapho amajikijolo asethwa khona.

Njalo ngonyaka, isihlahla se-currant emnyama senziwa kabusha ngama-basal amahlumela wonyaka we-3-4. Lapho isineminyaka emihlanu, isihlahla sizoba nezithombo eziqinile ezingama-8-12. Kungahle kube nokuningi uma isisekelo sehlathi sinobubanzi obukhulu. Ibanga phakathi kwamahlumela we-currant emnyama lingamasentimitha ayi-8 ukuya ku-12. Amahlumela wokuhleleka kwesibili akathinti. Zingafinyezwa uma ukukhula konyaka owedlule kulingana noma kudlula ama-40-45 cm.

Khumbula! Ububanzi besisekelo sehlahla elimnyama buxhomekeke ekutshalweni okufanele. Isithombo setshalwe ngokungacwasi, hhayi ngokuqondile. Ngokufika okuthambekele, isihlahla sikhula izimpande ezengeziwe futhi sakha inani elikhulu lamahlumela kusuka ekuphumeni kokulala.

Isikhathi esisebenza kakhulu sokubumba kwezitshalo ezimnyama yiminyaka engama-5-7 ,abe-ke izithelo zokuguga namagatsha amadala ziyancipha. Lezi zingatsha ezinomthwalo ka-Mashi wesihlahla, zinqunywe kwasekuqaleni. Amabhasi amadala aneminyaka engu-8-9 ubudala ayasuswa futhi esikhundleni sawo abancane, kancane kancane aqhubekise amabhele endaweni entsha. Ungasusa ukukhuphuka kwe-blackcurrant ngokuvuselela, okusebenzayo kakhulu entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuchitheka kwezinso (Mashi). Lapho iphinda ivuselela, wonke amahlumela anqunywa kwindandatho bese akha isihlahla esivela kwabatsha abasha.

Ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezinambuzane nezifo

Masishane ngemuva kokuthena iziqu, siqala ukucubungula izihlahla ezimnyama kusuka ezinambuzaneni nasezifo.

Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho basebenzisa izinhlobo eziningana zokwelapha kumasethi okulala:

• ukuphathwa ngomlilo;
• ukwelashwa kwamanzi abilayo;
• ukucubungula nezixazululo zamakhemikhali anobuthi;
• ukwelashwa ngemvelo.

Ukucutshungulwa kwe-Blackcurrant ngomlilo

Inani elikhulu labalimi abanolwazi laqala ukusebenzisa izindlela zokwelapha ezenziwa ngabamnyama (ekuqaleni kukaMashi ngenkathi amakati elele) ukubhekana nemikhaza nezinsimbi nge-blowtorch noma ngomlilo wokushisa umlilo.

Ngemuva kokuthena, isihlahla se-currant emnyama siyingcosana. Siqondisa umlilo wesishisi kumagatsha esihlahla esisebangeni eli-8-10 cm bese sihola sihamba namagatsha sisuka phezulu kuya phansi izikhathi ezingama-2-3. Njengokushaya umlilo. Ungasondeli umlilo futhi ungagcini eduze kwamagatsha, awadingi ukutholwa. Shisa kuphela. Kulokhu, amaqanda e-aphid nenombolo enkulu yemikhaza ebusika kuma-buds ekhuphukile ngenani labo iyafa.

Khumbula! Kuphela kuphela, kumnyama, obomvu, kumhlophe, nama-sitrobheli / ama-sitrobheli angacutshungulwa ngomlilo. Izinhlobo ezisele zamajikijolo (amajikijolo, ama-gooseberry nabanye) azivunyelwe.

Uma kusekhona iqhwa, ungalikimba kude nezimpande ze-blackcurrant, bese kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa ulibuyisele endaweni yalo.

Ukwesaba ukuphatha umlilo, iya kwenye yezinhlobo ezilandelayo, ngombono wakho awunangozi kangako.

I-blackcurrant ebilayo

Njengokulungiswa komlilo, kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kanti isihlahla esimnyama siyaphumula.

Cishe amabhakede acishe abe ngu-1-1.2 wamanzi ashisayo adakwa esihlahleni esikhulu se-blackcurrant. Amanzi agcwele amanzi abilayo nge-sprayer, futhi kusuka ekuphakameni okungama-15-20 cm ngaphezu kwesihlahla, sigeza ngamanzi abilayo. Ngenkathi amanzi efika esihlahleni, izinga lokushisa lizokwehla lize liye ku-60 ... + 70 ° C futhi ngeke kusilimaze isitshalo. Ukugeza kunciphisa inani lezilokazane, izifo zesikhunta, kepha akuzichithi ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, esigabeni sokuvuvukala kwezinso, sizobuyela emuva ekwelashweni kwezitshalo ezivela kwizilokazane nezifo.

Ukusebenza kwe-Blackcurrant ngama-pesticides

Ekupheleni kukaMashi nengxenye yokuqala ka-Ephreli, ama-blackcurrant bush aphathwa nge-1-2% solution ye-sulfate yethusi noma isisombululo esingu-3% se-Bordeaux liquid. Ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-oxychloride yethusi, njengoba kunconyiwe. Ukusebenza ngalezi zidakamizwa kubhubhisa kancane imikhaza ebusika, ama-aphid kanye nezifo zokukhunta.

Ekuqaleni kokwakhiwa kwama-blackcurrant efihlekile, ochwepheshe batusa ukwelashwa kwezihlahla ngesibabule esihlakazekile noma ukumiswa kwesibabule se-colloidal. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukufafaza ngeSulfaride, iKinmix nabanye abagunyazwe ukusetshenziswa kusekhona. Mhlawumbe ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa "Actara", "Inta-Vir" nabanye.

Kepha esivandeni sangasese, ukusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali akunasidingo, futhi emindenini enezingane ezincane kunqatshelwe. Imikhiqizo ye-organic ingatholwa kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo yemvelo, ama-infusions kanye nama-decoctions wezitshalo ezingenakubulala.

Rust amakhowe esiqeshini se-currant.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Blackcurrant ngemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo

Imikhiqizo yemvelo engasetshenziswa ukuphatha ama-currants kuyo yonke inkathi efudumele kuze kufike ekuvuneni izosiza ukuqeda ama-currants kusuka imikhaza, ama-aphid, umiyane, izifo ezitholakala ngokudla okuvela ezithweni ezinhlobonhlobo nakwezinye izinambuzane nezifo.

Umphumela omkhulu wemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ubonakaliswa emazingeni okushisa ahle kusuka ku + 15 ... + 18 ° C.

Sicela wazi! Kuyadingeka ukuzalanisa nokusebenzisa imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ngokuhambisana nezincomo, lapho-ke ukusebenza kwazo kuzoba ngaphezulu.

Imikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo ayinangozi kubantu, ezilwaneni nasezinyoni. Qala ukwenza isenzo emahoreni ambalwa. Isenzo sabo sihlala okungenani amaviki angama-2-3. Ukwelashwa kabusha ngaphambi kokuqeda umuthi kwenziwa kuphela emva kwezimvula.

Ukuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni, I-Nemakabakt, iLepidotsid, iBitoksibacillin, iFitoverm nezinye ziyasetshenziswa.

Ukuvikela ezifweni - "Pentofag", "Trichodermin", "Fitosporin-B", "Alirin-B", "Gamair" nabanye.

Imikhiqizo yebhayoloji ihlangana kahle ekuxubeni kwethangi, okunciphisa inani lezindlela zokwelapha nomthwalo osehlahleni ngesikhathi sokulashwa.

Ama-decoctions kanye ne-infusions yezitshalo ezilwelayo

Njengamanje, kukhona izeluleko nezincomo ezivela kubalimi nabalimi ngokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezilwanyayo ukuvikela izilimo zezithelo ezinambuzaneni:

• ukumnika kwegalikhi;
• ukumiliselwa kwe-celandine, i-marigold (i-tagetes), i-dandelion, i-yarrow;
• iziqongo ezintsha zamazambane;
• decoction kagwayi, yarrow, njll.

Kanye nezitshalo ezingenabungozi ezilwaneni, izincomo ziyavama ngokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ezinobuthi kakhulu, ezizovele zingabhubhisi ingxenye yezinambuzane kuphela, kepha futhi zinobuthi lapho amajikijolo angahlanzwanga esetshenziswa ekudleni. Qaphela!

I-currant bush enamaqabunga aqhakaza.

Ukugqoka okumnyama

Imithetho yokufaka umanyolo uma usebenzisa noma yiluphi uhlobo lomanyolo:

• ububanzi bomanyolo bulingana noma bukhulu ngokwedlula umqhele wesihlahla;
• Umanyolo usetshenziswa ngokulinganayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi, usakazeka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi yokunisela noma ukufakwa okuncane emhlabathini ngo-5-8 cm;
• ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ungondla ama-blackcurrant bush nge Umanyolo we-organic noma ophelele ngenqubo ejulile yokwazisa. Ngokuya ngeminyaka nangobukhulu besihlahla, ebangeni elingama-50-60 cm, umgodi onobubanzi obuyi-30 cm no-cm cm ububanzi ubumbwe ngokuzungeza umngcele. Isixazululo somanyolo we-organic noma wamaminerali sithululelwa kuwo futhi simbozwe inhlabathi ngemuva kokufakwa;
• solution lomanyolo lungasetshenziswa ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi ekhululiwe ngqo ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-currant emnyama. Kulokhu, ngemuva kokugqoka okungaphezulu, inhlabathi iniselwa ngamanzi ahlanzekile futhi abanjisiwe.

Izigaba zokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-blackcurrant

Entwasahlobo, 2 feed kwenziwa:

• esigabeni sokuqala kwezimbali. Izinhlobo ezifika emuva lapho zakha amahlumela angama-1-2 cm amahlumela konyaka wamanje;
• ukuqala kokusethwa kwesisindo samajikijolo.

Ukugqoka kokuqala kwentwasahlobo kwe-currant emnyama

Ama-Blackcurrants aduthwa eneminyaka emithathu (izithelo zokuqala).

Uma ekwindla ekwindla awusetshenziswanga ngaphansi kwe-blackcurrant, khona-ke ukuqala kokugqoka entwasahlobo kokuqala kwenziwa:

• isixazululo somanyolo we-organic (umquba, amaconsi ezinyoni);
• Umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali;
• ingxube yamanyolo e-organic kanye ne-mineral.

Ukondla i-blackcurrant ngomquba, sebenzisa ikhambi ekuqoqweni kwengxenye eyi-1 mullein ezingxenyeni eziyi-10 zamanzi bese ufaka u-20-25 g we-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate.

Uma kusetshenziswa izigaxa zezinyoni esikhundleni somquba, khona-ke ingxenye eyi-1 yamaconsi iyachithwa kumalitha ayi-12-16 amanzi ngokufakwa kwe-urea.

Uma ingekho into e-organic, i-nitroammophoska ingangezwa ngesilinganiso sama-30- 40 g / isihlahla, kulandelwe ukuchelela no-mulching.

Uma ama-blackcurrant bush akhulu ngezinga eliphakeme le-fruiting, khona-ke entwasahlobo kungcono ukufaka umxube we-organo-mineral we-umquba noma we-bird droppings kanye ne-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. Ingxenye eyi-1 yomquba ivuthwe kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi, i-20-25 g ye-superphosphate ne-10-15 g ye-potassium sulfate iyangezwa. Ingxube ivuselelwa kahle futhi ingeniswe emiseleni ebekwe eceleni komngcele wesihlahla se-currant. Ngemuva kokufaka kanye nokuvala umanyolo, ungakwazi ukunisela izihlahla ngesilinganiso esimaphakathi samanzi (musa ukuwageza umanyolo).

Uma ekwindla inhlabathi engaphansi kwe-blackcurrant yayitholwe ngomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium, khona-ke entwasahlobo kuphela kwenziwa umanyolo we-nitrogen ngohlobo lwe-urea noma i-ammonium nitrate ngomthamo we-50-60 g / sq kusetshenziswe ekugqokeni kokuqala kokuphezulu. m isikwele. Amabhasi amadala kuneminyaka emi-4 athole ½ yesilinganiso esinqunyelwe.

Ukwethulwa kwamanyolo wamaminerali ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-currant.

Intwasahlobo yesibili isuthisa i-blackcurrant

Ukuphakelwa kwentwasahlobo kwesibili kwe-blackcurrant isikhathi eside kwenzeka ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-14 noma esigabeni sokuhlelwa kwesisindo samajikijolo. Ama-currants akule nkathi, ngaphezu komanyolo ayisisekelo, adinga izakhi zomkhondo. Isitshalo sabo singangena ngendlela yokugqoka ephezulu:

• izinkuni zomlotha ezindebe eziyizi-0.5-1.0 ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngokufakwa okulandelayo okungaxhunyiwe kokukhulula kanye nokunisela nge-mulching;
• ungenza u-1-3 kg we-humus ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye esixubene ne-potassium sulfate. Iyacubungula ngemuva kokondla, njengokomlotha;
• kokufaka umanyolo, ungasebenzisa umanyolo wamaminerali aqukethe izinto ezilandelwayo - "Kemiru", "Berry" nabanye. Zingafakwa enhlabathini ngaphansi kwesihlahla noma kwembatho ephezulu yokufafaza ngokufafaza ngesisombululo. Enhlabathini yenza i-50-60 g / sq. m isikwele. Ngokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar top, i-10 g yomanyolo iyachithwa kumalitha ayi-8-10 amanzi bese kufafazwa;
• ukugqokwa phezulu kwefoliar kungenziwa ngemuva kokugqoka kwezimpande zokuqala ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-7-8 kusetshenziswa i-boric acid, ukumakwa kogodo lwezinkuni, i-Kemira nezinye izinto zokulandela umkhondo, ezithengiswa ezitolo ezikhethekile;

Ukuphakelwa kwesibili kwe-blackcurrant kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo ngokukhula kwamajikijolo. Umthamo nendlela yokondla iyafana.

Ukunisela i-blackcurrant

Entwasahlobo yokuqala, ama-currants, njengomthetho, awathelwa ngokwehlukana. Ukuchelela kusetshenziswa lapho kwenziwa umquba.

Isikhathi sokuqala ukuthambisa okuzimele kwe-blackcurrant kwenziwa ngesikhathi sezulu esomile eside esigabeni sokuqhakaza kwezimbali. Ngokuhlinzekwa okwanele kokuswakama kwebusika, ukuthambisa kokuqala kwe-blackcurrant kwenziwa esigabeni sokubunjelwa kwama-ovary (cishe ukuphela kukaMeyi).

Ukuchelela kwesibili kwe-blackcurrant sekuvele ehlobo. Kwenziwa esigabeni sokukhula (ukugcwaliswa) kwamajikijolo.

Ama-currants ayakuthanda ukufafaza ngokunisela. Zenziwa kangcono ngaphambi noma ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza kwezimbali noma lapho kungekho khona amathuluzi okunisela, ukuthambisa i-hose kungenziwa:

• emiseleni esezigcawini;
• ngaphansi kwesihlahla, lapho kwenziwa khona i-roller ukubamba amanzi;
• emgodini owenziwe ngokuzungeza ihlathi nezinye izindlela.

Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi lapho inisela i-blackcurrant imiswe kahle ungqimba lwama-40-60 cm.

Ukutshala kwenhlabathi noku mulching

Ukuze ugcine umswakama isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuthola amanzi, inhlabathi ngaphansi kwesihlahla se-currant emnyama iyakhululwa futhi ifakwe emanzini. Njengoba i-mulch ingasetshenziswa ngaphansi kwezihlahla:

• umquba ovuthiwe;
• humus;
• ukungathathi hlangothi;
• sawdust noma ukushefa okubunjiwe, utshani obunjiwe noma umanyolo oluhlaza obunjiwe.

Ukwethulwa komquba wamahhashi ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-currant, kulandelwa yi-mulching.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-mulch ngeke kugcine umswakama kuphela, kepha kuzosebenza njengomanyolo owengeziwe we-organic, futhi kuzothuthukisa nezindawo ezibonakalayo zenhlabathi.

Ama-berry kumele agcinwe ehlanzekile. Hlanza ukhula ngesikhathi bese ukhulula inhlabathi, okuzokhulisa ukufinyelela kwezimpande zezitshalo, kuthuthukise i-microclimate engxenyeni yezimpande. Ukwenza umsebenzi wasentwasahlobo kuzosebenza njengendawo yokugcina ukwakhiwa kwesivuno esikhulu se-blackcurrant enamajikijolo amahle.

Bafundi abathandekayo! Imikhuba nezinhlanganisela zomanyolo zokugcoba izimpande ezimnyama nokugqokwa kwamafonti kunikezwe endatshaneni, imikhiqizo yamakhemikhali neyokuphilapha ekwelapheni izinambuzane nezifo akuyona imfundiso. Ngaphandle kokungabaza, abalimi abaningi nabalimi basebenzisa izindlela zabo ezihloliwe zokuphatha izitshalo ezingama-berry. Yabelana ngolwazi lwakho nathi kumazwana abekiwe.