Okokuqala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukutshala izihlahla zasehlotyeni ehlobo kuyindlela edingekayo, engenzeka kuphela ezimweni eziphuthumayo futhi akufanele iphinde ibuyiselwe emuva. Uma umbuzo uwukuthi, "uzotshala nini isihlahla sama-apula?", Ke kungcono ukukhetha ukutshala ekwindla, noma, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kwentwasahlobo.
Ngombono wezobuchwepheshe, ukufakelwa ehlobo akuhlukile kakhulu kwezinye izindlela ezimbili. Ngaphandle kokuthi udinga umanyolo owengeziwe wokusinda kangcono kwisithombo. Ngakho-ke, qala izinto kuqala.
Ukutshala kwehlobo kwezihlahla zama-apula
Ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla enhlabathini, kufanele zilungiswe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bumba indawo yangamasentimitha angamashumi ayisishiyagalombili ububanzi nobungamashumi amahlanu ngokujulile. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemigodi eliseduzane kufanele libe okungenani amamitha amathathu. Lapho utshala imigqa phakathi kwawo, shiya okungenani amamitha amahlanu wesikhala esingenalutho.
Ngabe ucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuningi? Lutho neze. Kwanele ukucabanga ukuthi izihlahla zama-apula zizokhula kanjani eminyakeni embalwa. Okwamanje, izithombo zincanyana, isikhala esingenalutho singasetshenziselwa imibhede enemifino, futhi kamuva ngaphansi kwama-sitrobheli, okuzoba ukukhanya kwelanga okwanele ngokukhanya komuthi wesihlahla samaapula.
Lapho ugaya umgodi, beka ingxenye engaphezulu (evundile) yenhlabathi. Ukujula kufanele kugcwaliswe izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zomxube wezakhi. Ngokufakelwa ehlobo kwezihlahla zama-apula, lokhu kubunjaniswa komanyolo kufanelekile: engeza amakhilogremu amabili womanyolo we-phosphate kanye namagremu angamashumi ayisithupha omanyolo we-potash kumabhakede amabili agcwele e-humus.
Ngemuva kokubeka i-sapling enhlabathini, gcwalisa umgodi phezulu nge-humus ebekwe phansi lapho ugaya umgodi bese ubopha isihlahla se-apula esikhonkwaneni esenziwe ngaphambili.
Izindlela zokutshala izihlahla (kufaka phakathi izihlahla zama-apula) zihlukaniswe zaba yizinhlobo ezimbili. Indlela yokutshala isihlahla ngohlelo oluvulekile lwezimpande ikhonjiswe ngokucacile kulesibalo, kepha sizokhuluma kabanzi ngemininingwane yesibili uhlobo lwesibili lokutshala.
Ukutshala isihlahla sama-apula ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe
Ngokungeziwe, izithombo zokugcina izingane zithengisa izitshalo ezahlukahlukene (isibonelo, izihlahla zama-apula) ezimbizeni - lokhu kuyonga ngokwengeziwe. Abalimi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, bathola ubuhle babo kulokhu - lapho bedlulisela umuthi endaweni yokuhlala unomphela, uhlelo lwezimpande luvikelwa yinhlama yomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokhu, izimpande azonakalisiwe, iphesenti lokusinda kwezithombo likhula kakhulu, futhi isitshalo sitshalwa endaweni entsha ngokushesha okukhulu kunalapho sitshala ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvulekile.
Ngakho-ke, ukuze kukhishwe isitshalo esitsheni kwakulula, kepha inhlama ayizange idilike, kunconywa ukunisela izithombo kuqala. Ngemuva kwalokho, uyibambe ngokuqinile ngesandla esisodwa, ususe ngokucophelela ibhodwe ngesinye, ubambe izimbobo ezansi kwaso. Manje, ngaphandle kokuphula ubuqotho bethambo lobumba, libeke ngokucophelela emgodini olungiselelwe bese ugcwalisa isikhala esisele nge-humus.
Lapho utshala isihlahla sama-apula ngohlelo lwezimpande oluvaliwe, zama ukuqiniseka ukuthi izinga lomhlabathi ebhodweni lifana nezinga lomhlabathi engadini yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, qapha indawo lapho kutholakala khona intamo yezimpande futhi ungakuvumeli ukufakwa.
Ungayinakekela kanjani isihlahla sama-apula ehlobo?
Njengoba kuyamangaza njengoba kuzwakala, izinambuzane eziningi ezimbi zivame ukuhlasela izihlahla eziphilile kunazo zonke ngezithelo ezinoshukela. Ngakho-ke, kungumsebenzi womgcini wegadi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka ukuhlola ngokucophelela amawadi akhe ukuba khona (noma ukungabikho) kwezimpawu zokuqala zokugula.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo lomuthi wama-apula, izihlahla zingadinga ukufakelwa umanyolo ezinokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwensimbi, okubandakanya izinqubo eziningi ze-oxidative ngaphakathi kwesihlahla. Lesi sifo sibizwa nge- "iron chlorosis."
Izimpawu zokuqala zokushoda kwensimbi yizicucu zamaqabunga ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokuya ngezinga lenkinga, lezi zingaba amabala amhlophe amhlophe noma amaqabunga angenayo i-chlorophyll ngokuphelele.
Kulokhu, ungondla kalula izihlahla nge-sulfate yethusi. Kumele ifakwe ebhodleleni lokufafaza futhi ifafazwe emacembe nasegatsheni.
Ngokwehlukana, udinga ukukhuluma ngendlela yokunisela kahle izihlahla zama-apula ehlobo. Abalimi abaningi banisela izihlahla kaningi ngangokunokwenzeka, ngisho nangemvula enkulu. Leli yiphutha elikhulu! Ngenxa yomswakama ngokweqile, izimpande zezihlahla zeapula ziyabola, futhi isivuno siyayeka ukuthola inani elanele lezakhamzimba. Ngenxa yalokhu, iphutha elilandelayo: Abalimi ababi ngeshwa baqala ukuchelela izitshalo ezingathandeki ngokwedlulele, ngaleyo ndlela kwandisa isimo.
Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukugqamisa uhlu lwemithetho yokunisela okunekhono kwezihlahla zeapula.
- Inani lamanzi lezihlahla zeminyaka ehlukene lehluke kakhulu. Amabhakede amabili kuya kwamathathu ngokuvamile anele izithombo ezisencane, futhi abantu abadala abathela ngentshiseko izihlahla zezithelo bangadla kuze kube ngamabhakede ali-12 ngasikhathi.
- Kunoma ikuphi, bala inani lamanzi ukuze umhlabathi umanzi nawo ukujula kwamasentimitha ayisikhombisa kuya kumashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Abalimi be "sikole esidala" bavame ukusebenzisa uhlelo olunje - umuthi uneminyaka emingaki, kufanele kusetshenziswe amabhakede amangaki. Kodwa-ke, le yimininingwane ecishe ilinganiswe futhi udinga ukugxila ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi kwisiza sakho.
- Izihlahla ezikhula ngobumba noma enhlabathini enesihlabathi zidinga ukuniselwa kaningi. Imvamisa yanele kanye ngesonto. Iziza zomhlaba omnyama - futhi ngisho nangaphansi, kuze kube kabili ngenyanga. (Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-degree angama-30, ungamphuzisa izihlahla kaningi.)
- Namuhla bekuna imvula kakhulu, kepha ingabe ukuthambisa kuhlelwe kusasa? Beka eceleni izinsuku ezimbalwa, vumela inhlabathi yomile kancane.
- Iphutha elivamile ekuniseleni izihlahla: "ngaphansi kwempande" kuphela izithombo ezincane ezinesistimu yezimpande encane. Izihlahla zabantu abadala zidinga ukuniselwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuzungeza umqhele. Mina. amanzi kufanele ahanjiswe ngaphezulu kwesikhala lapho isithunzi esivela esihlahleni siwela ntambama (kungcono ukugwema ukuthola inani elikhulu lamanzi ngqo ngaphansi kwesiqu).
- Kungcono ukufaka le ndawo “ngommbila” wobumba. Ngakho-ke ukuthambisa izihlahla zama-apula kuzosebenza kakhulu - amanzi ngeke athulule lapho kungadingeki khona.
Njengoba ubona, ukunakekela isihlahla sama-apula ehlobo akunzima. Into esemqoka ukuthanda izilwane ezifuywayo, lapho-ke bazokubonga ngesivuno esiningi.
