zu.crushingplants.info
Ingadi

Ukutshala upelepele emhlabathini ovulekile kanye nohlaza okotshani

Enye yezilimo ezivamile ukuthi cishe zonke izakhamuzi zasehlobo zikhule upelepele omnandi. Futhi kunezizathu eziningana zothando lwendawo yonke:

  1. Okokuqala, le imifino emnandi futhi enempilo ihlala emhlabeni wonke. Ingagawulwa kumasaladi amasha, noma iphekwe yodwa njengesitsha esehlukile.
  2. Okwesibili, upelepele kulula futhi kulula ukukhulisa, uma wazi izimiso ezimbalwa eziyisisekelo zokwenza kahle.

Ukuze isiko lizizwe likhululekile, kufanele ubheke umlando omncane. Lokhu kuzosiza ekutholeni ukuthi yiziphi izimo ezidingekayo ukuze kube nezithelo ezinhle, emhlabathini ovulekile nakuma greenhouse.

I-pepper emnandi yasekhaya - ENingizimu Melika. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lesi sitshalo sihambisana kahle nesimo sezulu esifanayo: sifudumele futhi singesona isomiso.

Uma i-greenhouse isemihle, kufanelekile ukufaka i-heater. Futhi susa umswakama ngokweqile ngokufaka umoya.

Umhlaba ovulekile uthokozisa isitshalo ngemfudumalo, kepha ukuthambisa kuyadingeka ukuze kukhule kahle. Le yimithetho eyisisekelo. Kodwa kunezinto ezifihlayo zokunakekelwa kepepper okufanele zonke izakhamuzi zasehlobo zikwazi.

Ungakhula kanjani isivuno esihle pepper emhlabathini ovulekile?

Isivuno esihle sepelepele akuyona ingozi. Imizamo iyadingeka ngolwazi. Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, isilinganiso sokuvuthwa kwezithelo kanye nezimpawu zokuzinakekela kuzoncika ekukhetheni kwezinhlobonhlobo. Zombili isikhathi sokutshala imbewu nesikhathi sokutshala isitshalo esincane enhlabathini kuzoncika ezinhlobonhlobo.

Sihlukanisa inqubo yonke yokukhula i-pepper ibe izigaba eziningana:

  1. Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi nembewu.
  2. Ukutshala izithombo zikapelepisi kusuka ezinhlanyelweni.
  3. Ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo.
  4. Izifo nezinambuzane.

Isigaba sokuqala

Konke kuqala ngokulungiselela imbewu. Kuhlanganisani lapha? Kunobuchwepheshe obuningana bokwelapha imbewu.

  • Enye yazo ukucwilisa imbewu emanzini ashisayo amahora angama-4-6 (izinga lokushisa lamanzi ukusuka kuma-40 degrees nangaphezulu). Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu yezinsuku ezi-2 ibekwa ngendwangu emanzi egumbini elifudumele.
  • Enye indlela ukugqoka kwembewu kusisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate imizuzu engu-15 ukuya kwengama-20. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele kugezwe bese kufakwa kwisisombululo sokuvuselela ukukhula amahora ayi-12. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imbewu ziyahlanzwa bese zibekwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngendwangu emanzi.
  • Ukulungiswa komhlaba. Uma inhlabathi eyenziwe ngomumo iyathengiselwa imbewu. Ukuthi ukutshala izithombo ngemuva kokuntywila nokutshala upelepele emhlabathini ovulekile, kudingeka unakekele ukuthi umhlaba uyakhululeka futhi ulula, uvunde kahle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, i-humus nesihlabathi yengezwa enhlabathini, ngokwesilinganiso 2 kuya ku-1. I-Ash ingangezwa.
  • Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi kubandakanya ukukhethwa kwesiza. Kufanele kube yindawo ekhanyayo, evikelwe kokungakapheli. Kuyaluleka ukufaka umanyolo emhlabeni nge-superphosphate (40-50 g) kusukela ekwindla, umquba obolile (cishe kg kg) nomlotha wezinkuni (kufika ku-100 g). Lezi zibalo zi-1 m² wenhlabathi.

Isigaba sesibili

Uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi imbewu yepelepele iqhuma isikhathi eside, kungakapheli amasonto amabili, kufanele itshalwe kusengaphambili emgqonyeni ukuze ikhule kuqala izithombo.

Izinsuku ezilinganiselwe lapho kungcono ukwenza lokhu ukuphela kukaJanuwari, ukuqala kukaFebhuwari, kuya ngezinhlobonhlobo nokuthi izitshalo ezincane zizotshalwa kuphi: emhlabathini ovulekile noma ovaliwe.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu:

  • inhlabathi inyangwa kwangaphambili ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potanganum permanganate;
  • ibhokisi kufanele libe phansi ngezimbobo;
  • ibanga phakathi kwembewu 2 cm;
  • ngemuva kokwehla, amboze ibhokisi nge-foil noma ngengilazi, ususe endaweni emnyama, efudumele;
  • ibhokisi libekwe lapho kufika amahlumela okuqala;
  • amanzi kuphela lapho inhlabathi yomile;
  • uthele amanzi afudumele kancane;
  • shona ngokuvela kwamaqabunga amabili eqiniso.

Ungahlwanyela imbewu yepelepele emabhodweni ahlukile, khona-ke akudingeki ukuthi uyithuthe, isitshalo esizoyithanda ngempela.

Isigaba sesithathu

Cishe izinsuku ezingama-100, futhi izithombo zikulungele ukufuduselwa endaweni yazo ehlala unomphela. Umaphakathi noma ukuphela kukaMeyi kuhle kulokhu. Inhlabathi bese ifudumala kahle kanti nesitshalo asiguli kangako. Uma isimo sezulu sothanda abathanda ukushisa singalungile ngokuphelele, le nkinga ingaxazululwa kalula ngokwakha imibhede emide yesitshalo.

Izithombo ngokwazo, nemibhede elungiselelwe leso sikhathi ngaphansi kwepelepele, kufanele iniselwe kaningi. Amanzi kumele afudumele! Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla nemibhede akufanele libe ngaphansi kwama-40-60 cm.

Yini edingekayo ukufeza ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo okufanele? Kukhona umthetho olula wama "P" amane:

  1. Ukugqoka okuphezulu.
  2. Ukunisela.
  3. Ukhula.
  4. Garter

Nawa amanye amathiphu wokunakekela upelepele:

  1. Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ngesikhathi sokukhula nokuthuthuka kwesitshalo (inkathi yokukhula), upelepele udinga ukondliwa izikhathi ezi-3-4. Ungakwenza lokhu ngezindlela ezilungiselelwe ngokukhethekile ezithengisiwe, noma ulungiselele umanyolo ngokwakho.
    • Isikhathi sokuqala bondla izithombo ezinsukwini eziyi-10-14 ngemuva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile. Kumalitha amanzi ayi-10-12, kuthathwa 1 litre lomquba.
    • Ukugqoka kwesibili okuphezulu ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza. I-potassium humate ihlanjululwe ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi, kufakwa i-2 tbsp. i-superphosphate ephindwe kabili (ingahle ichotshozwe).
    • Okwesithathu, upelepele uphekelwa ngomlotha wezinkuni noma we-superphosphate (kungenzeka lapho). Ingilazi yomlotha (noma izipuni ezi-2 ze-superphosphate) igcwele amanzi futhi icindezelwe elangeni izinsuku ezi-2. Le ngubo ephezulu yenziwa emasontweni amabili ngemuva komanyolo wokugcina wezitshalo.
      Umanyolo weNettle universal. Sika izimbabazane, uzifake ebhakedeni bese uthele u-1 kuye ku-10 ngesilinganiso samanzi afudumele. Faka usuku 2 noma 3. Umanyolo usukulungele.
  2. Ukunisela. Lesi sitshalo sithanda umswakama, kepha hhayi ukufaka amanzi. Ngakho-ke, kufanelekile ukuchelela pepper kuphela uma inhlabathi isomile. Amanzi kumele afudumele!
  3. Ukhula. Inhlabathi ekhanyayo nenobuthi iyisidingo sokukhula kwepelepele. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umhlaba kumele watshalwa njalo.
  4. Garter Hhayi amamaki aphezulu kuphela wepelepthi awadingi ukuxhaswa, kodwa nalabo abajabulisa abalimi ngesivuno esihle. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukuze ungalimazi izimpande zesitshalo, noma ngabe utshala izithombo, ukusekelwa kungcwatshwa eduze kwesihlahla.

Ukunakekelwa Kwe-Pepper Lapho Kuvela Izinkinga

Izifo nezinambuzane ezidala ukulimaza upelepele:

  • ukulinyazwa sekwephuzile;
  • umlenze omnyama;
  • ukubola okumhlophe;
  • ukubonwa kwamagciwane amnyama;
  • ama-aphid;
  • i-whitefly;
  • ibhere;
  • ama-slgs;
  • I-Colorado amazambane amazambane.

Uma "umlenze omnyama" uvinjelwa kalula ngokusebenzisa inhlabathi enhle, ukugwema ukukhukhumala ngokweqile, futhi kuyithululela kuphela ngamanzi afudumele, khona-ke isifo esifana nokulimala sekwephuzile, indlela ephumelela kakhulu kuzoba ukuvikela. Kulokhu, kwakudingeka ukugqoka imbewu ngaphambi kokutshala. Futhi ngokufika kokuphola ebusuku nezimvula, izitshalo kufanele zivikelwe ebusuku. Kuyasiza futhi ukufafaza ngokufakwa kwe-anyanisi ikhasi.

Ukusuka ezinambuzaneni ezinjengobhungane wamazambane waseColorado nebhere, abahlali abanolwazi lwehlobo basebenzisa amalungiselelo akhethekile nemifino kumakhambi: i-tansy, ugarliki, i-yarrow, umhlonyane.

Ukungcoliswa ngokhuni lomlotha kuzosiza ukuvikela isitshalo ezinambuzaneni. Ama-aphid angahlulwa yi-serum exutshwe namanzi (1.5 amalitha ngebhakede lamanzi).

Izeluleko Zokukhulisa Imvelo Yepepper

Izakhamizi eziningi zasehlobo zithanda ukutshala upelepele othanda ukushisa endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Kepha lapha kunamaphuzu okudingeka uwazi, bese uwawalungiselela. Isibonelo:

  • Ukuze kutshalwe upelepele ku-greenhouse ukuletha imiphumela emihle kuphela, udinga ukucubungula ngokucophelela ukukhetha kwezinhlobonhlobo. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ze-pepper ezingenza ngaphandle kokuvunda ngaphandle kwezinambuzane. Kepha kulokhu, ungazama impova yokufakelwa, usebenzisa ibhulashi elithambile elijwayelekile.
  • Imvamisa inhlabathi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo iyaphela ekusebenziseni okuvame kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukunakekela umanyolo wawo noma ungene esikhundleni sendawo ephezulu (20-25 cm) yenhlabathi.
  • Imithi yokubulala izinambuzane kanye nomanyolo isetshenziswa kangcono lezo ezilungele izingadi zokugcina izithombo. Imvamisa, kunophawu olukhethekile emaphaketheni abo.
  • Ukulawula izinambuzane ezithola izimo ezilungele zona ku-greenhouse, udinga ukufafaza i-Fitosporin pepper kanye ngenyanga.
  • Uma upelepele utshalwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa entwasahlobo noma ekwindla, khona-ke kungcono kakhulu ukufaka umoya ngaphambili kuwo.
  • Kubalulekile ukuthi kusebenze umoya obamba ukushisa ukuze ugweme amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu futhi aphakeme (cishe amaphesenti ayi-100). Uma i-greenhouse ingakwazi ukungena umoya omningi, kufakwa umoya omncane wokufakelwa kuyo.

Njengoba usufundile ukukhulisa kahle upelesi endaweni ebamba ukushisa, futhi uthathe izinyathelo ezidingekayo, ungaqinisekisa ukuthi izitshalo ziphilile futhi izilimo ziphakeme.

Izithombo zokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo nezindawo ezivulekile zitshalwa ngokwemigomo efanayo. Amaphuzu amakhulu walokhu ngamaphuzu amathathu: izimbiza ezinezitshalo zidinga ukugcinwa zifudumele; qiniseka ukuthi umhlaba awomile futhi awumanzi kangako; inhlabathi kufanele ibe nokuphuza nokukhanya. Inhlabathi evundile inika isihlabathi, i-humus, into engakhethwanga yezinto eziphilayo.

Ukufaka izithombo ku-greenhouse kungaqala ngaphambili kunasemhlabeni ovulekile. Ngasikhathi sinye, izakhamizi zasehlobo ezinolwazi zelulekwa ukuba zenze lokhu ngokucophelela ukuze izimpande zesihlahla esisha zifakwe ngokuphelele efossa yokutshala ngaphandle kokugoba noma ukusonteka.

Kunemithetho embalwa yokukhula i-pepper emhlabathini ovulekile, wonke isebenza kalula. Uma ubalandela, ungathola isivuno esihle kakhulu.

Nawa amanye amathiphu awusizo wokukhulisa upelepele ngaphandle:

  • Ukuheha izinambuzane ngesikhathi sokutshala kwezimbali, kungafafazwa ngamanzi anosawoti.
  • Pepper uthuli lwawo kalula. Ngakho-ke, musa ukutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene eduze komunye nomunye.
  • Isakhiwo, okuhloswe ukuthi sinikezwe ngaphansi kwepelepele, sikhethwe ngokucophelela. Ukuze ugweme izifo zezitshalo nokuthola isivuno esihle, akunakwenzeka ukuthi ababanduleli bepelepisi babe ngabamele izitshalo zezimpande zetafula, ithanga kanye nemidumba.
  • Qiniseka ukuthi uzenza lukhuni izitshalo ukuze zikhulise kangcono. Ukuze wenze lokhu, izinsuku eziyi-10 ngaphambi kokutshala endaweni evulekile, kuyadingeka ukuthatha izithombo emoyeni omusha. Ukuqala kusuka kumaminithi we-10-15, udinga ukwandisa kancane kancane isikhathi sokuhlala sezitshalo.
  • Uma isithwathwa sifike kungazelelwe, izitshalo zepepper zingasindiswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukunisela inhlabathi kahle. Noma fudumisa izitshalo ngefilimu, iphepha, i-lutrasil. Ungabeka amabhodlela epulasitiki ngesilinganiso esisikiwe ezihlahleni.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umhlali ngamunye ehlobo uthola okuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe. Lokhu kumsiza ukuthi asebenzise amandla amancane ukuthola imiphumela emihle.

Bheka futhi: uzitshala nini upelepele wezithombo?

Izihloko Interesting