Izwekazi le-oki elibomvu yiNyakatho Melika, lapho ikhula khona ikakhulu, emboza ingxenye yeCanada. Ikhula ibe ngamamitha angama-25 ukuphakama, futhi isikhathi sokuphila sifinyelela eminyakeni engama-2000. Lesi yisihlahla esiqabulayo esinobukhulu obukhulu, umqhele oboshiwe kanye nesiqu esincane esimbozwe ngokhuni olubushelelezi. Umqhele uhlanganiswe ngamaqabunga amancanyana acwebezelayo afinyelela ku-2,5 cm ubude. Kuqala ukuqhakaza ngokuqala kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga kusuka eminyakeni eyi-15 ukuya kwengama-20 ubudala. Izithelo zom-oki obomvu zingama-acorns abomvu ansundu afinyelela kumasentimitha amabili ubude. Ingakhula kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi ngaphandle kokukhathalela futhi inamanzi.
Ukuhamba nokunakekela
Ukutshala kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ngaphambi kokuqala kokuqhakaza kwamaqabunga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ukucindezelwa okuncane kwenziwa emhlabathini bese kufakwa i-sapling kuwo, uqiniseke ukuthi izinsalela ze-acorn azikho ngaphansi kuka-2 cm ukusuka ezingeni lomhlabathi. Ngokutshala kwayo, kukhethwa izindawo ezinokukhanya okuhle nenhlabathi ngaphandle kokuqukethwe kokhilimu, kanye nezindawo ezitholakala egqumeni, ukuze umswakama ungagagasi, kukhethwe. Ngemuva kokutshala, phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingama-3, isithombo njalo siphuzwa. Ukunakekela i-oki ebomvu kwehla lapho kuthathwa njalo kwamagatsha owomile kanye nobusika bezitshalo ezincane. Ebusika, izitshalo zigcina indawo eminyakeni engu-3 yokuqala yokuphila, zisonga umgodi noma ezinye izinto ezizungeze isiqu ezingavikela isihlahla esisha eziqandeni ezinzima. Umuthi omdala awudingi ukuvikelwa okunjalo.
Ukukhiqiza kabusha i-oki, izithelo zayo (ama-acorns) ziyasetshenziswa, ezivunwa ekwindla sekwephuzile ngaphansi kwezihlahla ezinempilo neziqinile ukuze zikhule izithombo ezifanayo eziqinile nezinempilo. Ungatshala zombili ekwindla nasentwasahlobo, yize kunzima kakhulu ukuzigcina zinjalo kuze kube sentwasahlobo. Okuhle kunakho konke, bayasinda ebusika ngaphansi kwezihlahla, futhi entwasahlobo ungaqoqa ama-acorns asevele ehlumile.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ngokuvamile, i-oki ebomvu iyamelana nezilokazane nezifo, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ivezwa ezinye izifo futhi ihlaselwe yizinambuzane. Njengesifo, i-necrosis yamagatsha kanye ne-trunk ingaqashelwa, futhi njengoba izilokazane - i-Powesty isikhutha, inundu lesithelo, ipheshana le-oki. Uhlushwa ikakhulukazi i-powdery hlobo, engalapheki.
Sebenzisa kwezokwelapha
Kwezokwelapha, amagxolo namaqabunga e-oki obomvu asetshenziselwa ukulungiswa kwama-decoction kanye ne-infusions, kanye nokwenziwa kwemithi. I-infusions kanye nama-decoctions asetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-eczema, imithambo ye-varicose, isifo sezinsini, kanye nezifo zomgogodla nesibindi. Izinhlayiya ezivela kumagxolo amancane e-oki zingathuthukisa ukuhamba kwegazi, zibe nempahla yokuthuthukisa ukungatheleleki, nokuphakamisa ithoni yomzimba.
Ukuvunwa kwenziwa ngesikhathi sokugeleza kwe-sap, bese amaqabunga evunwa maphakathi no-Meyi. Izinto ezingavuthiwe zivuniwe zomiswa ngaphansi kwama-canopies. Ngokugcina kahle, amagxolo ama-oki agcina izakhiwo zawo zokuphilisa iminyaka engu-5.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezinkuni
Izinkuni ze-oki, ziqinile futhi zihlala isikhathi eside ngombala onsundu noma i-tan emnyama ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Wadlala indima enkulu ekuguquleni imboni yaseMelika futhi wuphawu lwesimo saseNew Jersey. Ekusukeni kwenguquko yezimboni yaleli lizwe, yayisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza amasondo, amakhuba, imigqomo, imichilo, abalala ukhonkolo, futhi, yebo, ifenisha nezinye izinto ezidingeka nsuku zonke. Izinkuni zakhona zisindayo futhi zilukhuni ngokugoba okuhle nokumelana. Lapho esetshenziswa, amagxolo agoba ngokuphelele. Kuboleka kahle ukucubungula ngokomzimba. Uma usebenzisa izikulufu, kungakuhle ukuthi usebenzise imbobo yangaphambi kokumba. Kulula ukupholisha futhi kulula ukucubungula ngama-dyes ahlukahlukene nama-polishing agents. Kulezi zinsuku kusetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwefenisha, umhlobiso, i-veneer, i-parquet, i-parquet, iminyango, umhlobiso wangaphakathi, i-lining.
I-Oak ibhekwa njengesihlahla esingcwele phakathi kwabantu abaningi. Wayekhulekelwa amaSlav namaCelt asendulo, njengesithixo. Lesi sihlahla sinamandla anamandla futhi siwuphawu lokukhuthazela nesibindi kuze kube namuhla.
I-oki ebomvu ingabangelwa isici esiyinhloko sepaki nokuma kwemvelo yasemadolobheni futhi iyinto enhle kakhulu yokwakheka komhlaba. Lesi sitshalo ukuze sisetshenziswe ekubumbeni komhlaba, sidinga indawo enkulu. Kulokhu, isetshenziswa ukuhlobisa amabala amakhulu namapaki. Ngeshwa, ukutshala isihlahla esinjalo, ngenxa yobukhulu bawo obuhlaba umxhwele, ecebeni lomuntu noma ekotishi akwenzeki.
I-Western Europe iyisebenzisa ekwakhiweni komhlaba ngenxa yamandla ayo okubambezela umsindo, futhi ngenxa yezindawo eziwohlokayo. Kusetshenziselwa ukubamba okujwayelekile ukuvikela komoya kwezindawo zokuhlala kanye nemigwaqo ephakathi nendawo.
Izinhlobo ze-Oak
IsiNgisi oki. Enye yezinhlobo ezihlala isikhathi eside. Yize isilinganiso sokuphila esiphakathi sisukela eminyakeni engama-500- 900, kepha, ngokusho kwemithombo, singaphila kuze kube yiminyaka eyi-1500. Emvelweni, kukhula eCentral naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, kanye nengxenye yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Inesiqu esimfishane esifinyelela kumamitha angama-50 ukuphakama ezindaweni ezinoxhaxekile, nesiqu esifushane esinobubanzi, esakaza umqhele ezikhaleni ezivulekile. Ukumelana nomoya, sibonga ngohlelo oluqinile lwezimpande. Ukukhula kancane. Ukuthambisa isikhathi eside kwenhlabathi kunzima ukukubekezelela, kepha uyakwazi ukubekezelela izinsuku ezingama-20 zezikhukhula.
I-Fluffy oak. Umuthi omude wokuphila ongafinyelela kumamitha ayi-10 ukuphakama, ongatholakala eningizimu yeYurophu naseAsia Minor, eCrimea nasenyakatho neTranscaucasia. Kaningi kutholakala ngesimo sesihlahla.
I-White Oak. Kutholakala empumalanga Melika. Isihlahla esihle esinamandla afinyelela kumamitha angama-30 ukuphakama, esinamagatsha anamandla okusakaza akha umqhele obunjiweyo.
Swamp Oak. Umuthi omude (kufika kumamitha angama-25) onomqhele omncane we-pyramidal esemncane, nomqhele obanzi we-pyramidal lapho esemdala. Amagxolo esihlahla esinsundu ngombala sihlala sibushelelezi isikhathi eside.
UWillow Oak. Ihluka ngendlela yamaqabunga uqobo, ekhumbuza ngesimo seqabunga le-willow.
Itshe Oak. Umhlaba ongowokuzalwa walesi sihlahla esihlala sikhona yi-Asia Minor, iSouthern Europe, iNyakatho Afrika neMedithera. Umbono omuhle futhi obalulekile wokuqanjwa kwepaki. Lesi sihlahla besilisiko kusukela ngo-1819. Imelana nesomiso futhi ingamelana neqhwa.
Isifuba se-oak. Lolu hlobo lwe-oki lubhalwe kuNcwadi Olubomvu. Endle, itholakala eCaucasus, Armenia naseNyakatho Iraq. Ukuphakama kwawo kufinyelela kumamitha angama-30 futhi kunomqhele oboshwe. Amaqabunga afana nokubukeka, amaqabunga esihloko sesifuba nemiphetho enamazinyo angunxantathu abonisiwe. Ikhula ngokushesha, inokumelana okuphakathi nendawo lokushisa eliphansi.
I-Oak inezithelo ezinkulu. Umuthi omude kahle (ongafika kumamitha angama-30) onomqhele obanzi obekiwe kanye nesiqu esikhulu. Ngokushesha, amaqabunga amade, i-obovate esesimweni, aze afike ku-25 cm ubude, ayaqala ukushaya. Baba muhle kakhulu ngokuwa. Ukukhula ngokushesha okukhulu, kuthanda umswakama, i-medium Hardy.
Umlando kancane
Umuntu ubesenesikhathi eside esebenzisa izakhiwo ezinhle zalesi sihlahla esiyingqayizivele. Kuyamangaza ukuthi okhokho bethu basebenzisa i-oki, noma-ke izithelo zayo, ekudleni. Ngesikhathi sokumbiwa eDnieper, abavubukuli bathola ubufakazi bokuthi kule nkulungwane eyi-4 ukuya ku-BC, isinkwa sibhakwe kuma-acorns, ngemuva kokugaya sibe ufulawa. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, ufulawa we-acorn wawusetshenziselwa ukubhaka isinkwa. Isibonelo, iPoland yakudala cishe yayingazi ngesinkwa esibhakiwe ngaphandle kokuxuba ufulawa. E-Russia, isinkwa ngokuvamile sasibhakwa ngofulawa we-acorn bese kuthi ingxenye yesinkwa ifakwe enhlama. Isinkwa esinjalo, endlaleni, sasiwukudla okuyisisekelo.
Ngekhulu le-XII izingulube zazifakwe emahlathini e-oki. Zayiqhutshwa zangena emahlathini lapho ikhava lasehlathini ligxotshwa ngama-apula asendle, amapere kanye nama-acorn. Uthando lwezingulube zama-acorns lungahlulelwa yisisho esithi: "Yize i-boar yasendle igcwele, ngeke idlule yi-acorn."
Ngeke sisishaye indiva isimo sokhokho bethu nge-oki, maqondana nezinto zokwakha. Emakhathini we-XVII-XVIII, amadolobha wonke akhiwa kusuka e-oki, futhi kwakhiwa nama-flotillas. Kusetshenziswe izihlahla ezifika ku-4000 ukwenza umkhumbi owodwa wamasosha. Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-oki okhula ayesikwa ahlanzekile.
Ezikhathini zakudala, kwakuthandwa kakhulu ifenisha eyenziwe nge-oki. Kuvelele ukwethembeka kwayo okukhethekile, ubukhulu nobukhulu. Isifuba esidumile somsebenzi waseRussia, esenziwe nge-oki futhi siboshwe ngensimbi eqoshiwe, sathengiswa eCaucasus, eKhiva naseBukhara. Zazigcina izambatho esifubeni esinjalo futhi ziqoqa udowry. Ngasikhathi sinye bekukhona isisho esithi: "I-oeda ye-Steamed ayiphuli." Amakhosi alezo zikhathi, i-oak izikhala ziyanaba futhi yazinika amajamo adingekayo. Izinkuni ze-Oak zazisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwezolimo: i-pitchfork, i-rake, ihabhu. Izihlahla ze-oki ezincane, ezineziqu ezilinganayo, zazisetshenziselwa ukubamba imikhonto. Zomile futhi zahlanganiswa kahle. Izikhala ezinjalo zabizwa ngokuthi "umuthi we-lance".
