I-Kumquat, iGolden Orange, noma i-Kinkan iyisitshalo sangaphakathi esithandekayo esinezithelo zewolintshi ezishisayo. I-Kumquat ekhaya ibukeka ijabulisa ngobuhle, ifana nesihlahla esincane noma i-bonsai enomqhele ohlale uluhlaza. Izakhiwo eziwusizo nokunambitheka kwezithelo aziphansi neze kunezithelo zikawolintshi ezidumile. Uma kunesidingo, lesi sitshalo singabekwa esihlahleni, ukuphakama kwako kuzoya ngosayizi wembiza. Ekhaya, umuthi ongaziwa uzojabulisa iso uma unikezwa izimo ezifanele.
Incazelo yezitshalo
UKumquat wavela okokuqala eChina, kwathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi waba kabanzi eYurophu naseMelika. Endle, ubukhulu besihlahla sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-4,5, ezimeni zangaphakathi - akukho ngaphezu kwe-1.5 m.
Amagatsha omqhele omqhele ngokuqinile, amagatsha ambozwe ngokulinganayo ngamaqabunga amancane abushelelezi wombala oluhlaza okotshani. Lapho kukhula ama-kumquat ekhaya, isikhathi sezimbali siqala ngo-Ephreli noma ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi futhi sithatha izinsuku ezingama-50. Izimbali zinephunga elimnandi, elidwetshwe elimhlophe ngopende opende opinki, zingatholakala zombili kuma-inflorescence, futhi ngawodwana.
Ezinsukwini ezingama-60 kuya kwezingu-90 ngemuva kokuqhakaza, izitshalo ziqala ukuthela izithelo. Ukuvuthwa okugcwele kwezithelo kwenzeka ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuthi ubukeka uthandeka ngokukhethekile. Izithelo ziyefana namawolintshi amancane anesisindo esifinyelela ku-30 g, ikhasi linciphile, linombala okhanyayo we-orange. Inyama inambitha omuncu, nesikhumba simnandi, ngakho-ke awukwazi ukusikhipha.
Izinhlobo ze-Kumquat ezilungele ukukhula ekhaya
Cishe zonke izinhlobo ze-kinkan ezikhulayo emvelweni nazo zilungele ukulinyelwa okuzimele. Ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kochwepheshe nama-amateurs ziyizinhlobo eziningana.
Nagami
Uhlobo oluvame kakhulu olusetshenziswa ngenkuthalo ngabaqambi kanye nabatshali bezimbali. Iletha izithelo ezimnandi ezifana neminqumo ngosayizi nokuhlelwa kwawo. INagami ine-subspecies eminingana:
- I-Variegatum. Kuyahluka ngemivimbo yasekuqaleni kwezithelo, ngemuva kokuvuthwa, umphumela wokuhlobisa uyanyamalala.
- Nordmann. Izinhlobo zezitshalo ezingenazithombo.
Imvamisa iNagami isetshenziswa kubuciko be-bonsai.
UMarumi
Izinhlobo zamaJapani ze-kumquat, ziyisihlahla esincane esinameva. Izithelo zi-oval, zipendwe ngombala wegolide osawolintshi. Banokunambitheka okuhle, okumnandi. UMarumi ubekezelela kahle iqhwa, ngakho-ke ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu zingatshalwa emgaqweni.
Maeve
Izinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane ezinezakhiwo eziphezulu zokuhlobisa. Izithelo ezinkulu aphuzi namawolintshi zibonakala ulamula, ukunambitha nge acidity kancane. Isitshalo siphansi, sinamaqabunga ama-oval nomqhele omnyama ongakwazi ukuhlobisa noma iyiphi ingaphakathi.
Fukushi
Le nhlobonhlobo ibonakala ngezithelo ezinkulu kakhulu futhi ezimnandi ngesikhumba esincanyana. Umqhele omkhulu wamagatsha uzoba inketho enhle ongasetshenziswa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo nezindawo zokulondolozwa kwezindawo zokuhlala.
Ngaphambi kokuthenga isihlahla, kudingeka ufunde ukuthi ungayinakekela kanjani i-kumquat. Ukulima okungaphakathi endlini, hhayi izinhlobo ze-kinkan kuphela ezifanelekile, kodwa futhi nzalo ehlukahlukene yezithelo ezithile zezitrasi ne-kumquat: nge-mandarin (calamine), ilamula (i-limequat), i-lime (i-limequat) nabanye.
I-Kumquat ekhaya: ukulima nokunakekelwa
Ukulungiswa kwesitshalo esifanele kudinga ukunakekelwa kanye nokusebenza. Njenganoma yisiphi isithelo se-citrus, sihlangabezana kakhulu nezimo ezimbi, ngakho-ke, sidinga ukunakwa okwengeziwe nokunakekelwa okujwayelekile. I-moody kinkan iyakhanga futhi ithela izithelo eziningi. Naphezu kwabo bonke ubunzima, ukukhulisa ama-kumvat ekhaya kuzoba ngumsebenzi othokozisayo nojabulisayo.
Indawo nokukhanyisa
Ngokufakwa kwethanga lezimbali, kukhethwe indawo enelanga kakhulu efulethini - amawindows sill asentshonalanga noma eningizimu. Lapho ibekwe eduze nefasitela elibheke empumalanga, umuthi uzophila, kodwa ukhule kancane uthele izithelo ezincane. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo sizodinga ukukhanya okungafani nokuvikelwa emisebeni eqondile. Ungayiyisa kuvulandi noma umgwaqo.
Izinkomba zokushisa ezifanelekileyo ehlobo zingama-25 - 28 degrees, ebusika +10 - +12. Ukushisa okunamandla noma, ngakolunye uhlangothi, i-hypothermia akufanele ivunyelwe. Ngenkathi ebandayo, lesi sitshalo kufanele sinikeze ukuthula. Ukwenza lokhu, kutholakala endaweni epholile, ngenkathi ukuthambisa kuncishisiwe. Lokhu kuzosiza ukulungiselela isitshalo sasekhaya se-kumquat ukuthuthuka okuthe xaxa, ukuqhakaza, nokwakheka kwezilimo.
Uma indawo yasebusika ifudumele, umuthi uzodinga ukukhanya okwengeziwe. I-microclimate efudumele ehlanganiswe nokukhanya okungekuhle izokwenza amahlamvu awe. Ngemuva kwalokhu, lesi sitshalo kunzima ukusibuyisela.
Umswakama nokunisela
Isihlahla sithanda umswakama ophezulu, sikhula ngokushesha futhi sithela izithelo kangcono lapho kunezimo ezinhle. Kwanele ukulubeka kutreyi olubanzi ngobumba olunwebekile olumanzi, ulifafaze ngamanzi noma usebenzise izicibilikisi ezikhethekile. Kuyasiza ukuthi izitshalo ezindala zigeze eshawini ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi zisule amaqabunga ngesiponji esimanzi.
Ukunakekela i-kumquat ekhaya akwenzi ngaphandle kokunisela kakhulu njalo. Amanzi kufanele axazululwe futhi athambile. Umswakama ogeleza kanzima kuzodingeka ukhuliswe kancane ezinsukwini ezi-1 kuya kwezi-2 ngaphambi kokunisela, ukuze wonke usawoti oyingozi onele. Kubalulekile ukuqapha i-acidity yenhlabathi, okufanele ingathathi hlangothi.
Isikhathi sonyaka kuncike kwimvamisa yokunisela: ekushiseni kwehlobo, lesi sitshalo kwesinye isikhathi sidinga umswakama, ebusika - kaningi kakhulu. Ungathola ngesidingo sokunisela ngesimo senhlabathi. Uma sesomile okungaphezu kwama-4 cm, isikhathi sokusebenzisa amanzi athambile noma acidified. Kumakhaza emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-+10 degrees, i-strait yenziwa isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga.
Umuthi awubekezeleli konke ukusilela kanye nokuswakama ngokweqile. Izimpande ezomisiwe zivame ukubola, inhlabathi edlulile kuholela ekufeni kwe-kinkan. Amanzi amaningi avuzwe epallet akhanywa ngokuphelele ngemuva kwengxenye yehora.
Izihlahla kanye transplanting
Izihlahla nezihlahlana ezikhula ezinhlanyelweni kwesinye isikhathi zide futhi zigqinsiwe. Ukwakha umqhele omuhle nokugcina ukubukeka kwawo kubukeka kahle, i-kumquat iyalungiswa. Inqubo iphindwa minyaka yonke entwasahlobo. Amathiphu we amahlumela asuswa ngokucophelela ukuze umqhele uthathe uhlobo lwesicircle. Ukuthena akwenziwa kuphela ngezinjongo zobuhle, kodwa futhi kusebenze ukukhula kwamagatsha amasha, anomphumela onenzuzo ekukhiqizeni.
I-Kumquat, ethela izithelo, idinga ukufakelwa kanye njalo eminyakeni emi-2 kuya kwemi-3. Kufanele kukhiqizwe ngaphambi kokuqala kokukhula kwamahlumela amasha - ekugcineni kobusika noma ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Inqubo iqukethe ekunikezelweni kwesitshalo kanye nenqwaba yenhlabathi, kanti kubalulekile ukungathinti uhlelo lwezimpande olubuthakathaka.
Ngemuva kokufakelwa, ipakethe lezimbali libekwa endaweni evikelekile kusuka kwimisebe yelanga. I-Kumvat ifafazwa ngamanzi nsuku zonke.
Isicelo somanyolo
Ngaphandle kokukhiqizwa okujwayelekile kwezakhi, isitshalo ngeke sithele izithelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucubungula lesi sici sokunakekelwa. Ngokusekelwe ezicini eziningana, imvamisa yokusetshenziswa kokudla kwembulwa:
- iminyaka nesimo se-kinkan;
- izici zenhlabathi lapho isihlahla sikhula khona;
- usayizi wembiza.
Uma imbiza incane, umanyolo kufanele usetshenziswe kaningi. Esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo, umanyolo we-potash ne-phosphorus usetshenziswa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-10. Ebusika, inqubo incishiswa ibe yisi-1 ngenyanga.
Umanyolo ubalulekile ekukhuleni okuvamile kwe-kinkan, kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Inani elifanele ilitha elilodwa lamanzi yile:
- potassium chloride - 1/8 tsp;
- ammonium nitrate - ¼ tsp;
- superphosphate elula - 0.5 tsp.
Abanye abalimi ababhekene nenkinga yokuthi bangakhula kanjani i-kumquat ekhaya, phawula umphumela omuhle ngemuva kokwenza ukumiliselwa komlotha wokhuni.
Ukumila kwezitshalo
Ukusakazeka kwe-Kumquat kwenziwa ngezindlela eziningana:
- ithambo;
- ukusika;
- izihlakala zebhande
- kugonywe.
Izindlela ezimbili zokugcina kunzima ukwenza, ngakho-ke abalimi abanolwazi kuphela abangakwenza. Wabasaqalayo belulekwa ukuthi banake ezinye izindlela ezimbili. Ake sibheke ngamunye wabo ngemininingwane eminingi.
Ukuphinda kuzalwe
Kubhekwa njengendlela engabizi kakhulu futhi ethandwa kakhulu. Ukukhula kwe-kumquat kusuka embewini ekhaya kuwumsebenzi wangempela, kepha umuthi uzokhula isikhathi eside, futhi izithelo zokuqala zizovela kuphela ngonyaka we-10.
Imbewu entsha ifakwe izinsuku eziningana kusisombululo sezimpande, bese itshalwa engxenyeni ephakathi ebhodweni ize ifinyelele ku-1.5 - 2 cm. Inhlabathi yomhlaba wonke enesihlabathi nomhlabathi omnyama kufanelekile ukutshala. Imbewu iniselwa ngamanzi amaningi, okwedlula okukhishwa epanini. Imbiza imbozwe ngengxenye yengilazi noma yokugoqwa kwepulasitiki, bese ibekwa endaweni epholile kahle.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, amahlumela avela ngamahlamvu ama-4 kuye kwangama-5. Ngemuva kwalokho, ukufakelwa kwenziwa ibe yimbali ebanzi kakhulu. Kumele kunakekelwe ama-kumquat e-citrus, kanye nezihlahla zabantu abadala.
Izimbumbulu
Ngenqubo, udinga igatsha elingamasentimitha ayi-10 wesitshalo esiphilile. Kufanele kubekwe amaqabunga amaningana esibambeni; ukusikwa kwenziwa kusuka phezulu kuya phansi eceleni komugqa oqondile. Kuyafaneleka ukukwenza lokhu ngo-Ephreli, ngaphambi kokuba kubonakale izimbali. Ngaphandle kwalokho, yisithombo kuzokhula futhi kulimaze isikhathi eside.
Ukuze kusakazeke ngempumelelo i-kumquat ngezinsika, igatsha limbozwe nge-ezikhulisayo ezikhethekile. Ingaphezulu le-cut ephansi lifafazwa ngomlotha wezinkuni, khona-ke isiqu sitshalwe esitsheni esifanele ngomhlabathi futhi simbozwe ngesitsha sengilazi. Indawo yezimbali itholakala endaweni ekhanyiswe kahle, ngezikhathi ezithile umoya kanye nokunisela. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, lesi sitshalo sikulungele ngokuphelele ukubuna.
Ukubekwa
Ukwakha ukwakheka lapho kukhula i-kumquat ekhaya, kufanele ukhethe ihlumela kuze kube ngu-20 cm esitshalweni esidala. Lapho phakathi ihlumela, ukusikeka okubumbayo kwamagxolo kwenziwa kude nge-1 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Amagxolo asuswa ngokucophelela, ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa isigaba esiyindilinga esiyindilinga egatsheni. Amahlamvu angaphansi kwendandatho ayasuswa, bese kubekwa ucezu lwamagxolo enhlabathini.
Ukuze ubeke izisekelo uzodinga ibhodlela lepulasitiki noma isikhwama sephepha. Isitsha kufanele sisikwe sibe izingxenye ezimbili, kuthi umgodi ohambelana nobubanzi behlumela kufanele usikwe ezansi. Igatsha lifakwa ngaphakathi kwebhodlela, futhi zombili lezi zingxenye ziboshwe ngethayi. Ingxube emanzi ye-peat nesihlabathi ithululelwa esitsheni. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inhlabathi ayomile ngaphandle.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-Rhizome entsha izokwakheka egatsheni, kuthi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ihlumela lisikwe bese kususwa ibhodlela. I-Kumquat ifakwe ku-flowerpot entsha.
Ukugoma
Ngale ndlela, izithombo zezitshalo ezifike kubukhulu obuyi-1 cm Izingcweti zitusa ukugoma i-kumquat esitokisini samachibi noma izithelo zomvini.
Inqubo yenziwa esigabeni sokukhula okusebenzayo kanye nokunyakaza kwamajusi kwi-amahlumela. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-1.5, amehlo athatha izimpande, bese amahlumela akhiwe ngaphezulu komgomo wokugomela ukunqunyelwa ngokuphelele komqhele.
I-Kumquat ekhule ngale ndlela iqala ukuthela izithelo kungekudala, kodwa ukukhula kwesihlahla kushesha kakhulu. Izitshalo ezihlanganisiwe zimelana kakhulu nezici ezahlukahlukene ezingezinhle.
Izinambuzane nezifo
I-Kumquat iboniswa yizifo ezifanayo nazo zonke izithelo zamawolintshi. Izimpawu ezinkulu ze-pathological zifaka:
- ukubonakala kwamabala emaqabungeni;
- isivunguvungu seqhwa lamahlumela;
- ushintsho ngombala nokwakheka kwamahlamvu;
- ukwakheka kweziqu;
- isomile.
Isitshalo sihlala sinezinkinga zokutheleleka ngegciwane noma isikhunta, kepha kungenzeka ukuselapha. Izithelo nama-buds akhona asuswa ukuze i-kumquat ingaphelelwa amandla. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ukwelashwa okuphindaphindiwe ngamalungiselelo we-fungicidal kwenziwa. Esigabeni sokwelashwa, kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka isitshalo ngokunakekelwa okugcwele nokunakekelwa, ukuze kusheshe kubuyiswe amandla.
Ama-virus we-Trispeza, i-xyloporosis kanye nabanye abanakwelashwa. Lapho kukhona i-microclimate engathandeki, lesi sihlahla sihlaselwa yisibungu sesicabucabu, i-aphid, izinambuzane ezilingana nezinye izinambuzane. Ungalwa nabo ngosizo lamathuluzi akhethekile.
I-Kumquat iyisitshalo esikhangayo esilungele ukukhula ekhaya. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, kuzojabulisa iso futhi kuthele izithelo ezinempilo ngokunambitheka okumnandi.
