Ungatshala kanjani futhi usakaze irises endaweni evulekile Photo yezimbaliU-Iris (Iris), Kasatik, Cockerel uyisihlalo esidala somndeni wama-Iris (Kasatikovy). Ungahlangana nabo yonke indawo, izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-700 zikhula endaweni yemvelo. Kusukela olimini lwesiLatin, igama lesitshalo lihunyushwa ngokuthi "uthingo".
Leli gama lanikezwa uHippocrates ukuhlonipha unkulunkulukazi uthingo, u-Iris. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba izinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi yama-irises ziningi. Ngokwenganekwane, lapho u-Prometheus enika abantu umlilo, imvelo yajabula: kwagqama uthingo, olwalukhanya imini nobusuku, futhi ngakusasa ekuseni bawela phansi ekusakazweni kwezimbali ezimangalisayo. Lezi kwakuyizinto zokucindezela. Idolobha lase-Italy iFlorence (elihunyushwa ngokuthi "liyaqhakaza") - eliqanjwe ngamaRoma, ngoba indawo yakuleli dolobha yayigcwele izicholo.
Imbali ekhiqizwayo ikhule iminyaka engaphezu kuka-2000. Ama-Iris awabalulekile njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa kuphela, kepha futhi ayizinto zokusetshenziswa okwenziwe ngezinto ezisetshenziselwa amakha.
Incazelo yeBotanical
Uhlelo lwempande lwama-irises luyizimpande ezigqinsiwe ezitholakala ngokuqinile ngezinqubo zefilatera. Amaqabunga angama-xiphoid, acwebezelayo, aluhlaza okotshani, anenhlanganisela ye-waxy, aqoqiwe endaweni yezimpande kumasiga ezikhulu. Izimbali zinkulu, zodwa, ziyinkimbinkimbi ngesimo, zihlukahlukene ngombala (amathafa, inhlanganisela yemithunzi eminingana) zivame ukuba nephunga.
Le mbali iqukethe ama-lobes ayisithupha: ama-lobes amathathu angaphakathi akha i-tube, kuthi ama-lobes amathathu angaphandle agxunyekwe bese ehliselwa phansi. Izimbali ziqala ngoMeyi kuya kuJulayi. Ukuqhakaza kwezimbali ekwindla kungenzeka. Imbali ngayinye ngayinye ijabulisa cishe izinsuku ezingama-5. Izithelo yibhokisi lezidleke ezintathu.
Ungakhula kanjani irises emhlabathini ovulekile
Kuyadingeka ukuthi unake ama-nuances alandelayo lapho kukhula irises:
- Izimpande zazo zikhula zibheke phezulu, zivame ukufika ebusweni - ebusika kufanele zifafazwe ngomhlaba zifakwe nge-peat. Entwasahlobo, susa ngokucophelela i-mulch.
- Akathandi ukufakelwa, ngakho-ke kufanele ucabangele ukuthi ngonyaka uzothutha indawo yakhe ngamasentimitha ambalwa. Zitshale nge-fan yamahlamvu eceleni komugqa, lapho-ke okufika kuzoba nokubukeka okuhle.
- I-Bearded iris ithanda inhlabathi enesihlabathi hhayi ukubamba okujulile.
- Ungondli ama-organics. Umanyolo ongcono kakhulu uzoba ngamanyolo wezimbiwa ngefomu ewuketshezi.
- Ukufakelwa kuyadingeka njalo eminyakeni emi-3-4, ama-iris waseSiberia angakhula ngokujwayelekile iminyaka engaba ngu-10 endaweni eyodwa.
Tshala nini?
Imvamisa, ukutshala kwenziwa phakathi no-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. Kungatshalwa entwasahlobo (Ephreli-Meyi).
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
I-Berised Iris ithanda izindawo lapho ilanga lizokuwa khona ekuseni, ukuvikeleka kokungakapheli nakho kubalulekile, ukufika egqumeni kuzovikela ekumeni kwamanzi. I-iris yaseSiberia nemashi ngakolunye uhlangothi inomswakama wothando.
Inhlabathi
Inhlabathi idinga izakhamzimba. Uma inhlabathi incishisiwe, lapho utshala, engeza inhlabathi evundile yengadi noma umquba, engeza umanyolo we-potassium-phosphorus. Kuyadingeka ukufaka umlotha wezinkuni, ushoko, ufulawa we-dolomite enhlabathini ene-asidi. Thisa loam ngesihlabathi ne-peat, futhi, kunalokho, engeza inhlabathi yobumba enhlabathini enesihlabathi. Kunconyelwa ukuphatha le ndawo ngesifo esibulala ukhula (ukuvikelwa emgudwini) kanye nesikhunta (esithunyelwe ukulwa nezifo.
Ukulungiselela ukufika
Ukutshala izinto kunconywa ukuthi ziphathwe nge-stimulator yokukhula. Nquma izimpande ezinde, susa izindawo ezibolile futhi uqiniseke ukwelapha izingosi ezisikiwe ngesikhunta. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo ezinempilo azidingi ukwelashwa okukhethekile futhi zingatshalwa ngaphandle kokulungiselela kwangaphambili.
Ungatshala kanjani incazelo ye-intshebe nezinwele:
Bumba umgodi ongashayi phansi, ufafaze isihlabathi nge-knoll, usabalalise izimpande ngokuqondile, kufanele zilingane nenhlabathi, ufafaze ngesihlabathi.
Ukufaka imininingwane nge-beardless irises kanye nevidiyo:
Ukufakelwa kwama-irises angenantshebe: kumele ajule emhlabathini amasentimitha ambalwa, ukugcina umswakama, mulch ndawo.
Bheka ibanga phakathi kokutshala kuya ngokukhula kwezitshalo: Okungenamikhawulo kwanele cm 15, amasayizi aphakathi - 20 cm, amade - okungenani 50 cm.
Ungayinakekela kanjani irises engadini
U-Irises uthanda ukukhanya nokufudumala.
Ukunisela
Nisela njalo ngesikhathi sokuhluma, uma ufuna ukuthola izimbali eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ama-irises athembekile kangangokuba angakwenza ngaphandle kokunaka komtshali. Lokhu kusetshenziselwa kakhulu izindawo zokubona imvelo eduze kwezakhiwo zomphakathi, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukunisela. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukunisela kuzodingeka kuphela ngomiswa okuqinile kwenhlabathi eduze nezimpande, futhi, uma inhloso yomgcini wegadi ukukhulisa imibala yokuhlobisa ngenkathi ezayo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu
Uma inhlabathi inomsoco, isitshalo singanelisa ngalokhu. Njengendlela yokugqoka ephezulu eyengeziwe, engeza isixazululo somanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, awukwazi ukondla.
Ungokhula kanjani futhi ukhulule inhlabathi
Uhlelo lwezimpande luphezu kobuso, ngakho-ke ukhula lwenziwa ngesandla kuphela. Dedela inhlabathi ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela. Susa ama-inflorescence awonakele.
Izifo nezinambuzane zama-irises
Rot - isifo esivame kakhulu sama-irises. Izithasiselo ezithintekayo kumele zikhululwe futhi zichithwe. Thela inhlabathi nezinye izitshalo ngesixazululo se-2% foundationazole. Qiniseka ukuthi welapha izimpande ngaphambi kokutshala. Njenge-prophylaxis, ngezikhathi ezithile fafaza irises ngomxube weBordeaux (1% okuhlushwa).
Ngokuqondene nezinambuzane, ama-scoops adla iziqu ze-peduncle - aphenduka aphuzi. Ukugwema izinkinga ekuqaleni kwesikhathi sokukhula, fafaza irises ngesixazululo se-malathion ekuqoqweni kwe-10%, inqubo yenziwa kabili ngesikhawu seviki. Ama-thrips angathinta amaqabunga (aba nsundu, omile), ama-buds (discolor). Kulokhu, phatha ngesinambuzane.
Imvamisa ivela kuma-irises slugs. Ungasebenzisa izicupho ezahlukahlukene ukuwaqoqa. Futhi, ukulwa ne-slugs, kunconywa ukuthi esimweni sezulu esomile ekuseni noma kusihlwa, usakaze izimbotshana ze-irondehyde (30-40 g nge-10 m2).
Yini okufanele uyenze ngemuva zom? Irises ebusika
Uma ungahlelanga ukutshala irises yakho, khona-ke ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali kuyadingeka ukusika izingunda zezimbali. Sika ukuhawukela kwamaqabunga, amathiphu angenziwa ngakolunye uhlangothi - imbali izobukeka icocekile, futhi uhlelo lwezimpande luzogcwala izakhi zomzimba. Lapho amaqabunga esomile, uwagawule, ushiye cishe ama-10 cm ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Amaqanda ezinambuzane angabekwa kumaqabunga asikiwe - kungcono ukuwashisa.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo, izimpande ezingenalutho kufanele zifakwe ungqimba lwe-peat noma ngesihlabathi cishe ngo-10 cm. Uma ubusika kulindeleke ukuba kube namafrimu aqine kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho amboze ngamagatsha e-spruce noma ngamaqabunga omile. Izinhlobo ezilwa neqhwa ebusika kahle ngaphandle kokulungiselela ubusika obukhethekile. Lapho uthenga, buza umthengisi ukuthi ngabe lezi zimbali zidinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika.
Uma kunesidingo sokugcina ama-rhizomes kuze kube sentwasahlobo, kwenze ngendlela echazwe ngezansi.
Ama-irises ane-Bearded kufanele agcinwe endaweni epholile neyomile. Sula izimpande, uzifake ebhokisini, usonge ngaphambili umgogodla ngamunye ngephepha noma ufafaze nge-sawdust ne-peat eyomile.
Bonke abanye bangama-hydrophilic. Kufanele atshalwe ebhodweni. Sika izimpande ezinde, phatha ngesixazululo se-potanganum permanganate, cwilisa ngokujulile emhlabathini, ufafaze nomhlaba phezulu. Entwasahlobo, dlulisela emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ukuzala
Izinhlobo ikakhulukazi zisabalalisa irises zezinhlobo. Kulokhu, ukuqhakaza kwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-3.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezimbali okuthandwa kakhulu yi-rhizome. Bamba irises nge-pitchfork, unikine umhlabathi, uhlukanise izimpande zibe izingxenye ukuze isixhumanisi ngasinye siqukethe amaphuzu okukhula angama-2-3 kanye namaqabunga amaningana. Sika amaqabunga aye ku-2/3 ubude. Qiniseka ukuthi uphatha nge-fungicide futhi womisa izimpande.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-irises angenasici anezithombe namagama
Ama-Irises ahlukaniswe ngokwezintshebe (amacembe awo anezinwele ezihlikihliwe) futhi anentshebe. Kuhlukaniswe futhi kube ngama-undersized (40-50 cm), amasayizi aphakathi (50-70 cm), amade (ngaphezu kwama-70 cm).
Iris Iris yaseJalimane
Isithombe saseJalimane Iris Iris germanica
Uhlobo oludumile kakhulu lwe-iris enentshebe.
Izinhlobo ezaziwayo:
Iris I-Germanic Baltic Sea Iris iJicaica Baltic Sea isithombe
Ulwandle iBaltic - amacembe ahlanganisiwe apendwe aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngentshebe eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Iris Germany Beavilderbist Iris germanica 'Bewilderbeast'
I-Bewilderbest - amacembe ahlanganisiwe, umbala uqukethe ukhilimu, umdubuli, imivimbo ebomvu, kukhona imivimbo emhlophe, ephuzi.
U-Iris ube nentshebe ehlukahlukene yesithombe sika-Iris Germanyica 'Suka ku-Boredom'
I-Pale beige ene-peach tint kanye nemithambo emsobo onsomi ngumbala wezinhlobonhlobo ze-Iris germanica 'Escape from Boredom'. Izimbali ezintekenteke ngokumangazayo zilungile esakhiweni naseziswini.
Iris isinhlobonhlobo Iris Igalica Acoma isithombe
I-Acoma - amacembe endlovu enomngcele ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka, i-lavender. Khumbuza amafu aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
U-Iris ube nezinwele ezahlukahlukene zesithombe sika-Iris germanica 'Regal Knave'
Izinhlobo zezithoni ezimbili zithandwa kakhulu, lapho amacembe aphansi e-corolla edwetshwa ngombala omnyama, kanti izihloko-zikhungo zikhanya. Isibonelo, njengokwehlukahluka kwe-Iris germanica 'Regal Knave' enama-shades aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onsomi.
U-Iris ube nentshebe yesithombe se-Iris germanica 'Rondo' ehlukahlukene
Ungasiphathi iso lethu ezinhlotsheni ze-Iris germanica 'Rondo' ezinombala onsomi onsomi maphakathi nezikhonkwane nemingcele emnyama eceleni komngcele. Ama-petals agobile kakhulu ngasemaphethelweni, nje ngohlaka oluhle kakhulu lwe-wavy.
Iris isinhlobonhlobo Iris isithombeica I-Peach Jam isithombe
Umqondo wabazalisi awunamkhawulo: kunezinhlobo ezinemibala ehlukahlukene yokuhlukahluka, njengezinhlobonhlobo ze-Iris germanica Peach Jam.
U-Iris ube nentshebe yesithombe 'Superstishn' Iris Jeremica 'Superstition' ezahlukahlukene
Ububende obumnyama, abacishe bumnyama ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Iris Jeremica 'Superstition', bungadala umehluko obonakalayo ekutshaleni okuhlanganyelwe nezinhlobonhlobo zemithunzi ekhanyayo.
Iris isinhlobonhlobo Iris Igalica Distant Chimes isithombe
Umbala omnandi ku-Iris germanica Distant Chimes ekhulayo enezindawo ezi-aphuzi zikakhilimu namabala aphansi ansomi onsomi.
U-Iris ube nezinwele ezahlukahlukene zesithombe sika-Iris 'Acapulco Gold'
Umbala ophuzi ophuzi ezimbali zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Iris 'Acapulco Gold', izimbali ezinkulu zinonqenqemeni olufushane lwe-pevy.
Iris izinhlobonhlobo ezinentshebe ka-Iris 'Loop the Loop'
Umbala obucayi ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka nomhlophe wezinhlobo ezi-Iris 'Loop the Loop' uyawuhlaba umxhwele ubuhle bawo bendwangu.
U-Iris abe nentshebezo ehlukahlukene ye-Iris germanica 'Mayelana nedolobha'
Izimbali ezimbili zikanokusho ezinemiphetho ye-wavy - cishe i-Tall Tall enama-shades e-lilac athambile ne-lilac emnyama.
Isithombe sika-Iris esinezinhlobonhlobo ze-Iris 'Drunk Skunk'
Imivimbo emhlophe engajwayelekile kumaqabunga amnyama ansomi e-corri ephansi yezinhlobo ze-Iris 'Drunk Skunk' avumelana kahle nombala we-pastel-lilac wamaphiko aphezulu.
Iris florentine Iris florentina
Izithombe ze-Iris Florentine Iris florentina
I-peduncle enamagatsha afinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-70 cm, izimbali ezingama-5-7. Ama-petals amhlophe nge-tint eblue.
Vimbela irises ngezithombe namagama
USiberian iris Iris sibirica
Isithombe se-Iris Siberian Iris Sibirica 'How Audome' isithombe
Umbala uyahlukahluka kusuka kokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokusomi onsomi. Isuswe iphunga. Hardy, akesabi isithwathwa esinzima nesomiso. Zingakhula eduze kwezidumbu zamanzi. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-1 000 ziyabiwa.
Izinhlobo ezithandwayo zama-irises aseSiberia:
I-Iris Siberian Snow Queen isithombe se-Iris sibelika Snow Queen
I-Snow Queen - inezimbali ezimhlophe.
Isithombe se-Iris Siberian Imperi Opal
I-Imperial Opal - iris enobude obungama-80 cm, ububanzi be-corolla buyi-10 cm, umbala - wepinki-lavender.
Isithombe se-Iris Siberian Butter neshukela
I-Butter kanye no-Ushukela - amacembe angaphakathi amhlophe, enocezu lomthunzi welamula phansi, amacembe angaphandle aphuzi ngokuphelele.
I-iris yaseJapan, i-xiphoid noma i-Kempfler iris
Isithombe se-Japan iris, xiphoid noma i-Kempfler iris
Izimbali zayo ezinkulu zingamasentimitha angama-25 ububanzi.
Ekulandeni kwethu, izinhlobonhlobo zanda kahle:
- I-Nessa-No-Mai - imbali e-nsomi-emhlophe enobubanzi obungaphezu kwama-20 cm;
- USolveig - unezimbali zombala okhanyayo we-lilac;
- UVasily Alferov - u-iris nge-ink coloring of amacembe.
Iris spuria noma amanga Iris spuria
Iris spuria noma amanga Iris spuria
Iris ngezimbali ezinkulu zikanokusho.
Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Lemon Touch - amacembe avulekile, apendwe ngombala ophuzi nolamula ngemivimbo yegolide, afinyelela ukuphakama okungu-1 m;
- Ukuguqulwa isimo kuyizinto ezinde, amacembe anombala ovela ku-blue-violet kuya ku-violet omnyama onemisipha yethusi.
- IStella Irene - isiqu sezimbali sifinyelela ukuphakama okungaba ngu-90 cm, umbala wamaphalishi onsomi.
Iris marsh noma njengabafokazi bamanga u-Iris pseudacorus
I-Iris marsh noma isithombe se-aliof samanga
Prefers nenhlabathi emanzi. Emvelweni wemvelo, izimbali ziphuzi ngombala.
Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-Golden Queen - izimbali zinombala wegolide;
- UFlore Pleno - izimbali ezingama-terry ezinombala ophuzi;
- I-Umkirch - inezimbali ezipinki.
Ngokwendlela yombala, bahlukanisa:
- umbala owodwa (onke ama-lobes apendwe ngombala ofanayo);
- amathoni amabili (ama-lobes aphezulu nangaphansi apendwe ngombala ofanayo ngemithunzi ehlukene);
- amathoni amabili (ama-lobes angaphansi nangaphezulu apendwe ngemibala ehlukene);
- i-mosagate (abangaphezulu bphuzi, abaphansi babe nsundu);
- i-amena (ingxenye engenhla ipendiwe mhlophe);
- umngcele (ngaphansi noma kuwo wonke ama-lobes kukhona umngcele wombala ohlukile);
- i-iridescent (umthunzi owodwa udlula ubheke kwelinye).
Irises ekubonakaleni kwemvelo
Irises esithombeni sokuklanywa kwendawo
Ama-Irises angabonakala yonke indawo: emapaki, izingadi, iziza zomuntu, emibhedeni yezimbali eduze kweziphephe. Izingadi zamatshe zihlotshiswe ngezinhlobo ezingaphansi. I-Iridarium (enemibala enama-irises) ingatshalwa ne-amphitheatre - ukuhlelwa kwezimbali ngokulandelana. UMarsh irises ubumba amachibi.
Ama-Irises akhanya, ngakho-ke khetha omakhelwane bakho ngokuqapha. Zihamba kahle i-phlox, i-astilbe, ihlengethwa, i-hehera, i-tenacity, i-tradescantia, i-hosta. Isizinda esifanele irises sizoba yi-spirea, thuja, juniper, spruce emfushane.
