I-peony enjengesihlahla (i-Paeonia x aderuticosa), noma i-semi-shrub iyinhlobo e-hybrid eyizitho zohlobo lomndeni we-peony. Kukhona ososayensi abaqinisekile ukuthi akuzona izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, kepha bayiqembu lezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene kanye namafomu e-hybrid. Kuze kube manje, cishe ezingama-500 zazo ziyaziwa. Iningi lazo lingahlangatshezwa eChina. I-peony yesihlahla yadalwa abafuyi baseChina. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, abalimi baseJapan nabo baqala ukutshala lesi sitshalo ngenkulu intokozo ngemuva kokuthi ibonakale eziqhingini zabo eThanda LaseTang. Emazweni aseYurophu, lesi sitshalo savela ngekhulu le-18, futhi saziswa kakhulu ngabalimi bezimbali nabaqeqeshiwe.
Izici zezihlahla zezihlahla
I-peony yesihlahla iyisihlahla esinamandla, ukuphakama kwawo kuyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-150 kuya kwangama-200. Amahlumela amile aqondile apendwe ngombala onsundu onsundu. Ngokuqhathanisa ne-peony enotshani, iziqu zesitshalo esinjalo aziqedi ekwindla, futhi zikhula minyaka yonke, futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi isihlahla sithatha ukwakheka kwesimo somoya. Izincwajana zokuhlobisa, ezivulekile ziyimisipha ephindwe kabili. Izimbali zibekwa emaphethelweni esiqu; ububanzi bawo buhlukahluka kusuka ku-12 kuya ku-20 amasentimitha noma ngaphezulu. Izimbali ezinjalo ziphindwe kabili, zimbili futhi zilula. Zingapendwe ngombala omhlophe, onsomi, ophuzi, opinki, ophuzi, nowezithoni ezimbili. Ngokukhula kweminyaka, izimbali ziba ziningi. Ukuqhakaza kwekhonkwane elinjalo kuqala kumaviki amabili ngaphambili kunelotshani, futhi isikhathi salo kuyizinsuku eziyi-14-16. Ama-peonies anjalo amelana nokubanda.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zama-peonies ezihlahla anezithombe
Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zezitshalo ezinjalo zisuselwa ezinhlotsheni eziningana ezingokwemvelo, okuyilezi: ophuzi, Potanin, Lemoine noDelaway, ezihlobene ngqo neqembu le-semi-shrub peonies. Izinhlobo eziningi ezibhalisiwe zezitshalo ezinjalo zikhula eChina. Lezi zinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3:
I-Sino-European
Izimbali zikhulu kakhulu futhi ziphindwe kabili. Banesisindo esiningi ngakho-ke bayabanda. Izimbali zingadwetshwa ngemithunzi ehlukahlukene kusuka ku-fuchsia kuya kupinki okhanyayo.
IsiJapan
Izimbali azinkulu kakhulu futhi zilula. Kubonakala sengathi zihamba phezu kwesihlahla.
Izinhlobo ze-Hybrid
Idalwe kusuka ku-Delaway peony kanye ne-peony ephuzi, izinhlobonhlobo ezinezimbali eziphuzi zithandwa kakhulu.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu:
Odadewethu Kiao
Ama-inflorescence anjenge-Pink apendiwe ngemibala emi-2, ngakho-ke ingxenye eyodwa ibomvu ngombala bese enye imhlophe ngo-ayisikhilimu. Imbali ebangeni ububanzi ifinyelela amasentimitha ayi-16.
ISapphire
Ububanzi bezimbali ezipinki ezikhanyayo nesikhungo esimnyama esimnyama zingamasentimitha ayi-18. Esihlahleni ngasikhathi sinye, kungavela izimbali ezingaba ngu-50.
I-altare le-coral
Izimbali zomqhele zipendiwe ngemibala emi-2: mhlophe kanye nesalimoni ngasikhathi sinye. Ngobubanzi, abafinyelela amasentimitha angaphezu kwama-20.
I-jade eluhlaza
Ukwakheka kwezimbali kuyamangaza kakhulu futhi kuhlukile. Luhlumela oluhlaza okotshani.
Ukutshala Izihlahla Peonies
Imithetho yokufakelwa
Ochwepheshe beluleka ukutshala i-peony enjengesihlahla emhlabathini ovulekile ukusuka engxenyeni ka-Agasti kuze kube ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba. Ngaphambi kokufika ngokuqondile, kufanele ukhethe indawo efanelekile kunazo zonke. Kulesi sitshalo, kufanele ukhethe indawo ekhanyiswe kahle, ebekwe endaweni engaphakeme kangako. Endaweni eseduze akufanele kube noma yiziphi izakhiwo noma izihlahla, ngoba zizovimba ilanga. Izihlahla zezihlahla zithanda inhlabathi evundayo. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi unesihlabathi, lokhu kungalungiswa ngokungeza i-humus, turfy umhlaba, ubumba kanye ne-peat. Uma inhlabathi ingubumba, khona-ke umanyolo we-organic kumele wengezwe kuwo, kanye nesihlabathi. Kuyafaneleka ukunaka ngokukhethekile ekukhetheni indawo nomhlabathi, ngoba lolu hlobo lwe-peony lukhula endaweni efanayo amashumishumi eminyaka (cishe iminyaka eyi-100).
Ukufika kwe-Autumn
Esimweni lapho amanzi asemhlabathini aphansi, imbobo yezimbali kufanele yenziwe ngesigaxa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, ububanzi bomgodi kufanele bube ngamamitha angama-0.7; ukujula kwawo kuyalingana futhi ngamamitha angama-0.7. Yenza ungqimba lomsele obukhulu obungamasentimitha angama-25-30 ezansi komgodi, ngoba lolu luhlu lwamatshe, isitini esiqhekekile noma isihlabathi siphelele. Thela lime noma isidlo sethambo kusuka ku-200 kuya ku-300 amagremu emhlabathini we-acidic. Ngemuva kwalokho, inhlabathi ithululelwa emgodini ngesimo sesigaxa bese kufakwa i-peony kuso. Ngemuva kwalokho inani elikhulu lamanzi lithululelwa emgodini ukuze izimpande ze-peony ziqonde kahle. Lapho uketshezi selungenwe ngokuphelele, kuyadingeka ukuthulula inhlabathi eningi emgodini ukuze intamo yezimpande yesitshalo ibekwe ezingeni elifanayo kanye nangaphezulu. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele libe ngamasentimitha ayi-150-200.
Khula izihlahla ze-peonies kusuka imbewu
Uma i-peony enjengesihlahla ikhule kusuka embewini, khona-ke izimbali zayo zingabonakala kuphela iminyaka engu-5-6 yokuphila. Njengoba lezi zinhlamvu zinombungu ongaphansi wentuthuko, kufanele zibhekelwe inqubo yokuhlwaywa. Imbewu ngeke igcinwe isikhathi eside, njengoba ilahlekelwa amandla awo okuzala. Inqubo yokuhlwaywa inezigaba ezi-2. Owokuqala ufudumele, owesibili uyabanda. Uma yonke imithetho ibhekelwa, kude nawo wonke umuntu uyaphumelela ekukhuleni kwe-peony enzalweni.
Ukunakekelwa kwesihlahla sangaphandle kwe-peony
Ungayinakekela kanjani
Uma kwenzeka ungayazi imithetho yokunakekela lolu hlobo lwama-peonies, khona-ke kufanele uyinakekele ngendlela efanayo neyotshani. Ngakho-ke, kumele iniselwe ngesikhathi futhi ngemuva kwale nqubo, kubalulekile ukukhulula inhlabathi futhi isuse notshani lokhula. Ukunisela kufanele kwenziwe kanye njalo emavikini ama-2, ngamalitha ayi-6 ukuya kwayi-7 wamanzi ashiya isihlahla esi-1. Uma isimo sezulu esishisayo nesomile singena, imvamisa yokunisela kufanele inyuswe. Kusukela ngo-Agasti, kubalulekile ukunisela kancane futhi isikhathi ngasinye kuze kuphele ngokuphelele. Lapho lesi sitshalo siniselwa, inhlabathi eseduze nesihlahla endaweni engaba amasentimitha angama-50 kumele ikhululwe kahle (ukujula kokutshala akukho ngaphezu kwamasentimitha ayi-5). Sula lonke utshani bokhula ufafaze inhlabathi nge-mulch (humus).
Umanyolo
Lezi zitshalo zimane zidinga inani elikhulu le-nitrogen ne-potassium yokukhula okuvamile nentuthuko. Lapho isikhathi sokukhula ngamandla sisanda kuqala, izitshalo ezinjalo zidinga umanyolo we-nitrogenous, futhi kusukela ekuqaleni ukuqhakaza kuqala nangaphambi kwenkathi yokukhula, izihlahla zomuthi zidinga umanyolo we-phosphorus ne-potassium omningi. Lapho isikhathi sezimbali siqala, lesi sitshalo sizodinga bobabili phosphorus ne-potassium, ne-nitrogen. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, ungakhohlwa ukuthi okweqile kwe-nitrogen enhlabathini kungadala ukukhula kokubola okungwevu. Ukuze ungashisi uhlelo lwezimpande ngomanyolo, ngaphambi kokuba lufakwe emhlabathini, kufanele luniselwe kahle.
Izici Zokuphonsa
Ukuthena kumele kwenziwe kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kwesikhathi sokukhula okukhulu. Kulokhu, udinga ukusika iziqu ezomile. Amahlumela amadala kufanele asikwe ukuze asele cishe amasentimitha ayi-10. Ama-Florists e-China afunde ukwenza kabusha i-peony yesihlahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isikhathi sokuqala eminyakeni engama-20 basika isihlahla cishe ebusweni bomhlaba. Njengomphumela walokhu, ama-plug efihlekile aphaphama ngaphansi kwesiqu. Ukuze uqhakaze ngonyaka olandelayo wawuningi, udinga ukunquma iziqu zazo zibe yi-axillary bud ephezulu. I-peony yakho izophila isikhathi esingakanani ithonywa ukunemba kokuthena. Lezi zitshalo zingaphila iminyaka ehloniphekile kakhulu, njengomthetho, kuze kube iminyaka eyikhulu noma ngaphezulu. E-China, kunamakhophi asevele edlulile eminyakeni engama-500, kuyilapho evikelwe ngabachwepheshe nangomthetho.
Ukudluliselwa kwesihlahla
I-peony enjalo imubi kakhulu ngokufakelwa. Ngakho-ke, kwenzeka ukuthi isitshalo esitshalwe kabusha esiqinile singagula iminyaka eminingana, ngoba kunzima kakhulu kuye ukuthi alulame. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufakelwa, udinga ukuba unake kakhulu isihlahla. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ikhunjulwe ngokucophelela ngenqwaba yomhlaba, lapho-ke ihlanzwa ngokucophelela ngomsele wamanzi ongaqinile. Ngemuva kwalokho udinga ukuhlola uhlelo lwezimpande. Uma kunezimpande ezibolile, kufanele zisikwe, futhi zinde kakhulu ngenkathi unciphisa. Kuyadingeka ukwenza ukuqhutshwa kwamaphuzu wokusika ngesisombululo se-manganese potassium (1%), bese ufafaza namalahle ahlanganisiwe. Uma kunesidingo, ungahlukanisa i-rhizome, ngaleyo ndlela uphindaphinde i-peony. Ukuze wenze lokhu, welula izingxenye zesihlahla ezinhlangothini zomsuka wempande ngezandla zakho. Uma kwenzeka kunezigaba ku-rhizome, kumele zicutshungulwe. Ku-Delenok ngayinye kufanele kube nezimpande futhi esikhundleni sezinso (izingcezu eziningana). Ngaphambi kokuthi i-Delenki itshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile, kufanele icwiliswe imizuzu engama-30 kubhasikidi wobumba.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Tree Peonies
Ungasakaza kanjani ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla
Mayelana nokuthi ungasabalalisa kanjani i-peony ngokuhlukanisa isihlahla, esichazwe ngenhla. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi kuphela i-peony eneminyaka yobudala engaphezulu kweminyaka engama-5-6 engahlukaniswa, futhi le nqubo kumele yenziwe ngo-Agasti.
Ungasakaza kanjani ngokusikwa
Kwabasiki, amahlumela ane-lignified azodingeka. Udinga ukuzisika kusukela maphakathi noJuni. Ngasikhathi sinye, ihlumela ngokwayo, iqabunga nengxenye yokhuni lwesiqu kufanele kube khona ophathwayo. Ipuleti leshidi kufanele lifushaniswe yingxenye ½. Lungisa isitsha ngokuwugcwalisa nge-peat exutshwe nesihlabathi. Ngemuva kwalokho anamathela isiteki kuwo isentimitha esisodwa nesigamu, futhi ngaphezulu kwesitsha kufanele simbozwe ngefilimu noma ingilazi ebonakalayo. Ama-cuttings kumele ahlinzekwe ngokunisela okuhleliwe, kanye nokuthambisa kusuka ku-sprayer. Ezinsukwini zokugcina zikaSepthemba, ukusika kufanele kudluliselwe kwezinye izimbiza kubekwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi sentwasahlobo. Ngemuva kokuthi izitshalo ziqale ukukhula, ziyobe zikulungele ukufakelwa enhlabathini evulekile.
Ungasakaza kanjani izingqimba
Kuzothatha iminyaka embalwa ukusabalalisa ukubekeka kwesihlahla okunjenge-peony. Ngezinsuku zikaMeyi, ngaphambi kokuba isihlahla siqale ukuqhakaza, udinga ukukhetha iziqu ezakhiwe kahle futhi ohlangothini oluphendukele enhlabathini, udinga ukwenza i-incision. Ngemuva kwalokho iphathwa ngethuluzi elikhuthaza ukukhula kwezimpande, bese kufakwa isikhonkwane kuwo. Ngemuva kwalokhu, ihlumela kufanele ligobeke phezulu kwenhlabathi futhi ligobeke ngokujula kwamasentimitha ayi-8 kuya kwayi-10. Lapho unisela ihlathi ngokwalo, ungakhohlwa ukuthambisa inhlabathi ngaphezulu kwengqimba. NgoSepthemba, izimpande ezincane kufanele zikhulele ekubambeni, futhi zingahlukaniswa ngokucophelela esihlahleni sikamama futhi zitshale emhlabathini ovulekile endaweni ehlala njalo.
Okokukhiqiza kabusha, izingqimba zomoya zingasetshenziswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukwenza i-incision ku-stem bese uyisonga nge-moss enomswakama, futhi ngaphezulu - ifilimu. Kumele ilungiswe ngokuqinile. Njengomthetho, izimpande zikhula ngasekupheleni kwenkathi yehlobo. Le ndlela yokukhiqiza kabusha, noma ilula kakhulu, kodwa ayisebenzi.
Ungakusakaza kanjani ukugoma
Le ndlela iyona esebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ngabachwepheshe. Kepha ngokuxhunyelelwa, lo mlimi angasabalalisa lesi sitshalo. Ukuze kugonywe, kusetshenziswa uhlelo lwezimpande lwethanga elinotshani. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Agasti, udinga ukusika kusuka kokusika kwesihlahla okufana nesihlahla se-peony esinama-2 efihlekile. Ukusuka ngezansi, isiqu sidinga ukucijiswa ukuze sizuze umumo obunjwe womugqa. Ngemuva kwalokho, ngokuya ngesimo sale mpande, kwenziwa isigaxa endaweni enekhesi elinotshani bese kufakwa isitaki kuwo, okufanele singene siqine kakhulu. Umuthi wokugoma kumele ugoqwe ngokuqinile ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwalokho la ma-rhizomes adinga ukufakwa ebhokisini, okufanele ligcwaliswe ngokhuni olubunjiwe. Beka ibhokisi emthunzini ukuze ligcinwe. Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4, ama-rhizomes ahlanganisiwe kudingeka atshalwe esitsheni ukuze ilihlo elisezansi lijule ngamasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-7. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha sidluliselwa ku-greenhouse. I-peony enjalo ikhule kusuka eminyakeni eyi-1.5 kuye kweyi-2.
Izinambuzane nezifo ze-peony yesihlahla
Ziyakwazi ukumelana nezifo. Imvamisa, lawo makhasi ama-peony asegugile noma asanda kutyalwe ayathinteka. Ukubola okumpunga kungasibulala lesi sitshalo. Ukuze ususe, udinga ukwelapha isihlahla ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate (1.5 g ye-nto ngama-5 l amanzi). Futhi ngale njongo, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-sulfate yethusi (6-7%). Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokuqala ukwelashwa, amahlumela athintekile kufanele anqunywe ngokucophelela futhi abhujiswe.
Kwenzeka ukuthi izihlahla zingenwe amagabha ansundu. Amapheshana athelelekile kufanele anqunywe futhi abhujiswe ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhubeka kwesifo. Ngemuva kwalokho i-peony iphathwa ngesisombululo se-Bordeaux liquid (1%).
Isihlahla peony emva zom
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza izimbali, udinga ukusika iziqu ezihlwabusayo kwi-axillary bud engenhla ukuze zingasusi amandla esihlahleni. Ekwindla, ngaphambi kokuqala ubusika, udinga ukugqoka ngaphezulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, amagremu angama-200 wesidlo samathambo kanye namagremu angama-300 omlotha wokhuni kufanele afakwe emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesihlahla ngasinye.
Ukulungiselela ubusika
Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ama-peonies ezihlahla awesabi isithwathwa, kodwa asadinga ukumbozwa ubusika. Iqiniso ngukuthi ngesikhathi sethaws entwasahlobo, ama-buds emoyeni avulekile futhi i-peony iqala ukukhula. Kodwa-ke, isithwathwa esilandela ithanga singadala ukufa kwalesi sitshalo. Kulokhu, ngo-Okthoba, kufanelekile ukulungiselela isihlahla sokubusika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga ukubopha iziqu bese ufafaza umbuthano we-trunk nge-mulch (peat). Ngemuva kokuqalwa kwesithwathwa, isihlahla kumele simbozwe, senze phezu kwaso kufana nendlu eyomile eyenziwe ngamaqabunga owomile, amagatsha esihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi kanye nesigaxa esinamagatsha angajulile. Ungasebenzisa izikhwama ze-jute ngalokhu.
