Umlotha wasentabeni

I-Mountain ash (i-Sorbus) luhlobo lwezitshalo ezinamahlahla zesizwe i-Apple, okuyiyo emele umndeni wakwa Pink. Ngokwemininingwane ethathwe emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-80-100. Umlotha osentabeni ubomvu, noma uvamile (iSorbus aucuparia) yisihlahla sezithelo nezinhlobo zomlotha osentabeni, usatshalaliswe kabanzi cishe kuwo wonke amaYurophu, eCaucasus naseNtshonalanga Asia. Lolu hlobo lunoluhla olubanzi, olufika ngisho naseNyakatho Ekude. Ezintabeni, umlotha obomvu wezintaba ukhula ngohlobo lwezihlahla, ngenkathi zikhuphukela emngceleni wezitshalo. Igama lesayensi lohlobo lwe- "sorbus" livela olimini lwesiCeltic, lisho ukuthi "okubabayo, i-tart" ekuhumusheni, lokhu kungenxa yokunambitheka kwamajikijolo. Igama lezinhlobo livela egameni lesiLatini, elihumusha ngokuthi "inyoni" nelithi "ukubamba". Iqiniso ngukuthi amajikijolo alesi sitshalo ayathanda ukudla izinyoni, ngakho-ke abantu babezisebenzisa njengesiheho.

Isihlahla esinjalo besiyingxenye yesiko lamaScandinavians, amaSlav namaCelts. Babekholelwa ukuthi umlotha wentaba unamandla emilingo. Ngakho-ke, lesi sitshalo sasiza amasosha ezimpini, futhi sanikeza nokuvikelwa kunthakathi nasezweni labafileyo. Uma ubheka izithelo zalesi sitshalo kusuka ngezansi, sizofana nolunye uphawu lwakudala kakhulu lwesivikelo - inkanyezi enamakhomba alingana nanhlanu. Ngesikhathi somshado, amaqabunga esihlahla se-rowan afakwa ezicathulweni zabashadikazi. Izinkuni zakhona zazisetshenziselwa ukwakha izinti zokuhamba. Isitshalo esinjalo satshalwa eduze kwendlu, futhi uma sibhujiswa noma sonakala, kwakuyisibonakaliso esibi kakhulu.

Izici zesihlahla sentaba yomlotha

Umlotha wentaba uyisihlahla noma isihlahla esiphakeme sawo esingadluli kumamitha ayi-12. Ukuma komqhele kuyindilinga, ngaphezu kwesiqu esibomvu-kukhona lapho kukhona khona ubuthi. Ezihlahleni zabantu abadala, amagxolo abushelelezi futhi acwebezelayo; anemibala e-brown-grey noma grey-yellow. Amapuleti amaqabunga angahlelekile ahlelwe njalo anobude obungamasentimitha angama-20, avela emapheshana angama-7 kuya kwayi-15 anezinhlangothi ezinezinyawo ngomphetho we-serated, ingaphambili lawo lingama-matte, luhlaza, kanti uhlangothi olungafanele lupendwe emthunzini olula futhi inobuchopho. Ekwindla, amahlamvu aguqula umbala wawo abe imibala ebomvu neyegolide.

Ama-inflorescence wokugcina obabazekayo be-corymbose anesilinganiso esingamasentimitha ayi-10; aqukethe inani elikhulu lezimbali ezimhlophe ezinephunga elimnandi. Izithelo ziyi-apula elinomnandi lombala obomvu-owolintshi, ububanzi bawo bufinyelela ku-10 mm. Umuthi onjalo uqhakaza ngoMeyi noJuni. Amajikijolo avuthwe ngokuphelele emasontweni okugcina enkathi yehlobo noma eyokuqala - ekwindla.

Lapho ukutshala, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isiko elinjalo libhekana kabi kakhulu nokubhema kanye nokungcola komoya, kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi kanye nokuqina kwamanzi emhlabathini.

Izinkuni zomlotha weentaba zibonakala ngokuqina nobulukhuni, kulula kakhulu ukucubungula. Ezikhathini zasendulo, lalisetshenziselwa ukwenza ama-runes and spindles. Amajikijolo alesi siko asetshenziselwa ukwenza udayi ngendwangu.

Ukutshala iRowan emhlabathini ovulekile

Njengoba isihlahla somlotha sentaba siphakeme impela, kunconywa ukusitshala emngceleni wensimu, uma kunjalo ngeke kubangele ukubola kwendawo. Inhlabathi enomsoco (umkhanyo okhanyayo noma ophakathi nendawo obamba amanzi kahle) ifaneleka kahle, kepha umlotha wentaba nawo ungatshalwa emhlabathini ongavundile kangako. Ukutshala kunconyelwa entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza, noma ekwindla - ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamaqabunga. Ukuze uqoqe isivuno esihle, kunconywa ukutshala izitshalo eziningana zezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene ngasikhathi sinye esizeni.

Lapho uthenga izithombo, kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlolwa okuphelele kohlelo lwazo lwezimpande, unake iqiniso lokuthi kufanele kube okunempilo ngokuphelele futhi kuthuthukiswe kahle. Uhlelo lwezimpande oluthuthukisiwe lunamagatsha ayi-2 noma ama-3, afinyelela kubude obungaphezu kwamamitha ayi-2. Akunconyiwe ukuthi uthenge isithombo esinezimpande ezomile nezinezindebe. Hlola i-bark, akufanele isongelwe, kepha kunalokho ibushelelezi. Hlukana nocezu oluncane lwamagxolo esitshalweni, uma uhlangothi lwangaphakathi lusinsundu, isithombo kungenzeka ukuthi sesifile. Kwisitshalo esiphilayo esijwayelekile, izoba nombala oluhlaza. Ngaphambi kokutshala, lesi sitshalo kufanele silungiselelwe, ngoba lokhu kuyadingeka ukusika bonke abalimele, bomile futhi balinyazwa isifo neziqu nezimpande zesifo. Uma umlotha wentaba utshalwe ekwindla, khona-ke wonke amapuleti amaqabunga aqothuliwe amagatsha awo, kuyilapho kufanele uzame ukungalimazi izinso ezisezonweni.

Phakathi kwezithombo, kubhekwa ibanga lamamitha amane kuya kwayisithupha, ibanga elifanayo kufanele lisuke kumlotha osentabeni liye kwezinye izihlahla ezingadini. Ububanzi nokujula komgodi kungahluka kusuka ku-0,6 kuye ku-0.8 m. Ngaphambi kokutshala, lungiselela ingxube yenhlabathi, okufanele ibe ngamakhilogremu amahlanu enhlanganisela ephezulu nomquba we-peat, amagremu angama-200 we-superphosphate, amafosholo angama-2-3 omquba obunjiwe kanye namagremu ayi-100 omlotha wezinkuni . Xuba konke kahle. Thela i-1/3 yomgodi ngale nhlanganisela yenhlabathi, emva kwalokho ingxenye yayo kufanele igcwaliswe ngenhlabathi engenalutho. Ngemuva kwalokho amalitha ayi-10 amanzi athululelwa emgodini. Linda kuze kube yilapho uketshezi selungene ngokuphelele enhlabathini.

Uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo kumele lugcobhozwe kubumba lobumba, bese lufakwa ngokushesha enkabeni yomgodi wesisekelo, ombozwe ngenhlabathi kusuka kungqimba ephezulu noma ngezinsalela zenhlanganisela yenhlabathi. Lapho isitshalo sesitshaliwe, ingaphezulu kwenhlabathi eyizungezile kumele inyathelwe, bese iniselwa kahle. Umuthi kufanele watshalwe ujule ngo-20-30 mm ukujula kunokuba ukhule e-nursery. Ngemuva kokuthi uketshezi selungene ngokuphelele embuthanweni we-trunk ngemuva kokunisela, ingaphezulu layo kumele limbozwe ngesendlalelo se-mulch (Peat, utshani, sawdust, humus, hay, utshani noma okunye okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo), ubukhulu bawo bungahluka kusuka kumasentimitha amahlanu kuya kwayi-10.

Ukunakekelwa komlotha wentaba

Kulinywe umlotha wasentabeni akuyona into engjwayelekile. Ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko yesitshalo, kuyadingeka ukuhambisa amanzi, ukhula, ukhulule indawo yomhlabathi ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi, usike, ukondle futhi ufeze izindlela zokwelapha ekulweni nezilokazane nezifo.

Isihlahla esinjalo sidinga ukuchelela kuphela ngesikhathi sesomiso eside. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa okuphoqelekile ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula nangemva kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile, futhi ezinye izinsuku eziyi-15 - 20 ngaphambi kokuvunwa, namaviki ama-2-3 emva kwalokho. Ngaseceleni kombuthano wesiqu, kunconywa ukwenza ama-grooves lapho amanzi ageleza khona ngesikhathi yokunisela. Ukusuka kumalitha angama-20 kuye kwangama-30 amanzi athathwa esihlahleni ngasinye kokunisela okukodwa, kuyilapho umthamo wokugcina owusetshenzisiwe uhambisana nesimo nesimo sokwakhiwa kwenhlabathi, kanye nobudala be-viburnum uqobo.

Ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu somthi kufanele lidambulwe ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo, phakathi nehlobo le nqubo yenziwa kusuka ezikhathini ezi-2 kuya kwezi-3. Futhi ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu somthi kufanele lidambulwe ngemuva kokuba isivuno sonke sesivuniwe. Indlela elula yokukhulula inhlabathi ngosuku lwangemva kokuna noma ukunisela. Ngesikhathi sokuvula, udinga ukukhipha lonke utshani bokhula. Lapho umbuthano oseduze we-trunk uthukululwa, ingaphezulu lawo kumele limbozwe nge-mulch.

Ukwenza umlotha wezintaba ukhiqize kakhudlwana, uzodinga uhlelo lokudla. Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokukhula, i-humus noma umquba ufakwa emhlabathini ngaphansi kwesitshalo - kusuka kumakhilogremu amahlanu kuya kwayi-8 ne-ammonium nitrate - amagremu angama-50. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ibhakede eli-1 le-bird droppings (1: 10) noma i-mullein (1: 5) kufanele lithululelwe ngaphansi kwesihlahla. Esikhundleni somanyolo we-organic, ungasebenzisa isisombululo se-Agrolife. Emavikini asanda kwedlula ehlobo, amagremu ayi-100 we-superphosphate kanye nama-milligram ayi-500 womlotha wezinkuni kumele afakwe embuthanweni wesitaki.

Izihlahla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuvuka kwezinso. Kuyadingeka ukusika wonke amahlumela omisiwe athintwe yilesi sifo futhi akhula ngaphakathi komqhele, kanye nalawo ashiya ekhoneni elifanele. Lezo zinhlobonhlobo ezithela izithelo ngeziqu zonyaka odlule zizodinga ukuncipha kanye nokunciphisa kancane amagatsha. Uma ukwenziwa kwezihlahla zezithelo kubhekwa ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwezithelo, khona-ke izihlahla ezinjengalezi zizodinga ukuncipha ngezikhathi ezithile nokuvuselela i-ringworm, kanye nokunciphisa ngamagatsha wamathambo.

Umgomo obaluleke kakhulu wokuthena amajikijolo ama-rowan ukukhiqiza kangcono futhi futhi ukhanyise umqhele wawo, lokhu kunomthelela omuhle kakhulu ekuvuneni kwesitshalo. Ngenxa yokuthi isihlahla esinjalo sinomqhele womqhele we-pyramidal, amagatsha akhula engonweni eyingozi ukuya esiqwini, okubenza babe buthaka kakhudlwana. Lapho wenza amagatsha anamathambo, kuyadingeka ukuzama ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ayakhonjiswa engxenyeni etholakalayo noma engakwesokudla.

Uma isitshalo sinokwanda okuncane, khona-ke kuzodinga ukuthenwa kokuguga. Kwenziwa ngokhuni lweminyaka emibili noma emithathu, ngenxa yalokho ukukhula kwamahlumela amasha kusebenze.

Izifo nezinambuzane

NgoMeyi noma uJuni, udinga ukuhlola ngokucophelela umlotha wentaba, kungalesi sikhathi lapho izimpawu zokuqala zesifo noma ukulimala kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kungavela. Lesi sitshalo sihlaselwa yilezi zifo ezilandelayo: i-anthracnose, septoria, amabala ansundu ne-grey, i-powdery hlobo, i-monolioz, ithumba, ukugqwala, i-necrosis (emnyama, nectrium ne-cytospore) ne-viral ring mosaic. Uma lesi sitshalo sitshalwe sinempilo ngokuphelele, ngenkathi sitshala futhi siyinakekela, yonke imithetho yobuchwepheshe bolimo yalesi siko ibonwa, khona-ke umlotha wentaba awusoze wagula nakancane. Iqiniso ngukuthi izihlahla ezibuthakathaka kuphela ezingatholwa yizifo. Kodwa-ke, ngaphandle kwakho konke, kuyadingeka ukuhlola ngezikhathi ezithile umlotha osentabeni, ukuze, uma kunesidingo, ukwelashwa okufika ngesikhathi kuqalwe.

Noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-necrosis, kanye ne-mosaic, izifo ezingalapheki. Mayelana nalokhu, kufanele sizame ukuze umuthi ungaguli nakancane, futhi ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukwenza izindlela eziningi zokuthintela. Kuyadingeka ukuthatha isimo sokuzibophezela kakhulu ekukhetheni izinto zokutshala, isiza sizodinga ukulungiswa kokuhlwanyelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, inhloso yakho ukubhubhisa amagciwane. Futhi, ngokubonakala kwezinambuzane ezingabathwali bamagciwane, kubalulekile ukuzisusa ngokushesha, futhi kubalulekile futhi ukuthi umbuthano wesiqu uhlala uhlanzekile. Ungakhohlwa ukwenza ukuhlolwa ngezikhathi ezithile komlotha osezintabeni, ngoba noma yisiphi isifo kulula ukuselapha esigabeni sokuqala sentuthuko.

Umlotha wasentabeni uthintwa yizifo ezifanayo nezinye izinkambiso zomndeni wakwaPinki (izihlahla zama-apula, amaplamu, amaparele). Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimpawu zezifo nezindlela zokwelashwa ziyefana.

Cishe zingaba ngu-60 izinhlobo zemikhaza nezinye izinambuzane eziyingozi ezihlukumeza isiqu, amajikijolo, imbewu, amapuleti amaqabunga, izimbali neziqhakaza zesihlahla kungahlala emlotheni wezintaba. Iningi lalezinambuzane lingahlala ezitshalweni zezithelo ezahlukahlukene zomndeni wakwaPink. Imvamisa esihlahleni somlotha wasentabeni hlala:

Weevil. IKarbofos isetshenziselwa ukubabhubhisa.
Amabhungane ebark. Ukuqothula, lesi sitshalo kufanele sifafazwe ngeConfidor, i-Actara neLepidocide.
Moths. Ukuqothula lezi zinambuzane, kusetshenziswa iKarbofos, iChlorophos noma iCyanox.
I-Rowan Gall Mites. Lapho zivela, umuthi ufafazwa ngesibabule se-colloidal.
Ama-Rowan moths. Bacekelwa phansi yiChlorophos.
Green apid aphid. Ngokubhujiswa kwalo, kusetshenziswa i-Decis noma i-Actellik.
Izihlangu. Ungaziqothula uma ufafaza umlotha osentabeni ngama-30 nangaphezulu.
Isifonyo sezithelo ze-Apple. Ukuze uziqothule, zisebenzisa ukumiliswa kwesinaphi esimhlophe. Ukuze uyilungiselele, udinga ukuhlanganisa ilitha elilodwa lamanzi kanye namagremu ayi-10 ka-lwesinaphi, yonke into ixubile futhi ishiywe amahora angama-24. Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, ukumnika kufanele kuhlanjululwe ngamanzi ngesilinganiso esingu-1: 5.

Ukuze uvikele izinambuzane, isihlahla sidinga ukufafazwa emagqeni ngaphambi kokuqala kokugeleza, ngoba basebenzisa isisombululo se-sulfate yethusi (amagremu ayi-100 ngebhakede elilodwa lamanzi). Ukufafaza umlotha wentaba kanye nengxenye yombuthano oseduze we-Nitrafen, owenziwa entwasahlobo, nakho kuyasebenza. Futhi, ngenhloso yokuvimbela ekwindla, kubalulekile ukuthola onke amahlamvu asendaweni bese uwubhubhisa, ngenkathi umhlabathi okwisiyingi sesiqu ukumbile.

Ukusakazeka kweRowan

Ukusabalalisa umlotha obomvu wentaba, sebenzisa indlela ye-vegetative and generative (imbewu). Izinhlobo zomlotha wezintaba zivame ukuvuthwa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ekhiqizwe ekwindla. Kuqala, asuswa ezithelweni futhi ahlanzwa izinsalela zepulpula, khona-ke adinga ukungcwatshwa enhlabathini ngamasentimitha ayi-0,5. Ukusuka phezulu, ingaphezulu lezilimo kufanele limbozwe ngesahluko semboza sezimbali (amaqabunga awomile). Uma seeding ihlelelwe intwasahlobo, zizodinga ukuhlukaniswa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ahlanganiswe nesihlabathi esihlanganisiwe esikalini (1: 3), khona-ke ingxube kufanele igcinwe emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni ngamasonto angama-4-8, bese ifakwa eshalofini lesiqandisini esakhelwe imifino izinyanga eziyi-3-4. Izithombo ezibonakala zidinga ukuthambisa ukhula ngokuhlelekile, kanye nokukhulula umhlabathi obazungezile. Ukudlulisela izithombo esikoleni kwenziwa ekwindla. Ukuthathwa kwesihlahla, okutshalwe indlela yokuzala, kuqala eminyakeni engama-4-5.

Ukusabalalisa umlotha obalulekile wokuhlukahluka kwentaba, kusetshenziswa izindlela zemifino, isibonelo: ukusikwa okuluhlaza nokulimala, ukuxhunyelelwa, ukubekwa kanye namahlumela. Njengesipande sendawo yokuxhunyelelwa ngokuxhunyelelwa, kutuswa ukuthatha i-Nevezhinskaya, ejwayelekile noma isithombo sembali yaseMoravian ekhula kusuka imbewu. Umuthi wokugoma kufanele unikezwe ezinsukwini zokuqala zika-Ephreli, lapho ukugeleza kwe-sap sekuzoqala, futhi ngo-Julayi noma Agasti. Susa ukugqoka endaweni yokugoma ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-20. Ingaphezulu lesitoko kufanele linciphiswe, ngenkathi isipanji kufanele sisale. Kulesi spike, futhi udinga ukwenza i-garter ye-varietal shoot ekhulayo.

Uma umlotha wentaba uthela izimpande, khona-ke ekusakazweni kwawo, amahlumela angasetshenziswa. Ama-cuttings aluhlaza avele kahle, ngokwesilinganiso esingu-4.5-6 ukuphuma kwezingu-10. Futhi nezimpande ezisikiwe ezisikiwe zimbi kakhulu kunalezo eziluhlaza.

Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zomlotha osentabeni onesithombe nencazelo

Abalimi bahlakulela izinhlobo eziningi zomlotha wezintaba. Iningi lalezi zinhlobo zezithelo, kepha kukhona nezokuhlobisa.

I-Sorbus elderberry (iSorbus sambucifolia)

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo itholakala eJapan naseKhabarovsk Territory, naseSakhalin, Kamchatka naseziqhingini zaseKuril. Lesi sihlahla esihle ngokubabazekayo sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-250. Umqhele ongewona omnyama kakhulu ungaba yindilinga noma u-ovoid. Iziqu eziqonde ngqo zombala onsundu omnyama zinezimbobo eziphakeme ebusweni, amagatsha grey ngama-lens ahlukene. Amapuleti amaqabunga angaphekiwe afinyelela ubude bamasentimitha angama-18 futhi anezinhlavu zesimo se-lanceolate. Ukwakheka kwamapuleti amaqabunga kufaka kusuka kumapheshana acwebezelayo angama-7 kuya kwayi-15 nombala oluhlaza okotshani, anombala ocwebezelayo futhi acishe azwakala, atholakala kupethioles yombala obomvu okhanyayo. Ama-inflorescence e-corymbose ayinkimbinkimbi aqukethe izimbali ezinobubanzi obungu-15 mm kanye nombala obomvu omhlophe noma obomvana. Phezu kwamahlumela kanye nama-pedicel yi-pubescence yombala obomvu okhanyayo. Amajikijolo adliwayo acebile ngombala obomvu ocebile futhi oyindilinga ngesimo, anesigamu samamitha ayishumi nanhlanu nokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Futhi abanawo umunyu futhi banephunga elimnandi kakhulu. Izithelo zingehla emagatsheni kuze kube sekupheleni kwentwasahlobo. Lesi sitshalo asinciphisi emhlabathini, futhi siyamelana nesomiso nesithwathwa.

I-Mountain ash Glogovin (iSorbus torminalis), noma i-birch yokwelapha

Endle, lolu hlobo lungatholakala eCrimea, eNtshonalanga Yurophu, eCaucasus, eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Ukraine nase-Asia Minor. Umlotha onjalo wentaba awukhuli ngamaqembu amakhulu kakhulu noma ngokuhlabelela.Ekuphakameni, isihlahla esinjalo singafinyelela kumamitha angama-25. Isiqu saso simbozwe ngumbala onsundu omnyama, onemifantu emide. On amahlumela amasha amagxolo omnqumo. Amapuleti amaqabunga abanzi amaqanda abanzi anamaqanda afinyelela amasentimitha ayi-18 ubude, ezisekelweni zakhiwe ngenhliziyo futhi ziyindilinga, nazo zikhonjisiwe, ukusuka phezulu kukhona kusuka ku-3 kuya ku-5 blade. Ingaphezulu lamaqabunga linobumnyama obuluhlaza obumnyama, kanti ingaphakathi lino-hairy-pubescent. Ekwindla, umbala wamaqabunga ushintsha ube ophuzi noma owolintshi. I-loores corymbose inflorescence, efinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-8, iqukethe izimbali ezincane (cishe ngamamitha ayi-10). Amajikijolo ayindilinga, afinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-1,8, abe nombala obomvu noma o-orenji, oguquka kancane kancane abe nsundu. Inyama iMealy ine ukunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu. Lolu hlobo lumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, kepha alufani ekubekezelweni kwesomiso. Kunezimo ezi-2 zokuhlobisa:

ngamahlamvu e-pubescent;
ngamapuleti eqabunga e-cirrus-dissected.

Umlotha waseNtabeni (iSorbus domestica), noma umlotha omkhulu wezintaba (uCrimea)

Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu yeNtshonalanga Yurophu naseCrimea; ithanda ukukhula endaweni engaphansi kwamahlathi amakhulu abanzi noma ngamaqembu. Lesi sitshalo sibonisa ngokukhula kancane futhi sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-15. Ukwakheka komqhele kubanzi-iphiramidi noma kuyindilinga. Amagxolo amboza isiqu sesivele aqhekekile esitshalweni esincane. Kepha iziqu zicishe zingabi nalutho, zibushelelezi futhi ziyacwebezela. Ukuqanjwa kwamapuleti eqabunga angadalwanga amaqabunga, afinyelela kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-18, kufaka phakathi ubukhazikhazi obukhanyayo, amapheshana abukhali abukhali wesimo se-lanceolate, apendwe ngombala oluhlaza futhi abe nobude obungaba ngu-50 mm. Ama-inflorescence ama-Wide-pyramidal branched--printscent inflatescence, anobubanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-10, aqukethe izimbali lapho zifinyelela ku-15 mm futhi zipendwe ngombala onsomi noma ophuzi. Amajikijolo ama-Oblong ovoid noma abunjiwe ngopende, afinyelela kububanzi obungama-30 mm, angafakwa upende ngombala ophuzi-oluhlaza okotshani, obomvu noma onsundu, abe nepulpiti elinamakha, elimnandi, elimnandi kancane, elihlanganisa amaseli amaningi we-stony. Isitshalo esinjalo siyamelana nezilokazane, isomiso kanye nesithwathwa. Kunezinhlobo ezingama-2:

-mise okwenziwe ngethanga;
okumise okwe-apula.

I-Sorbus aria (i-Sorbus aria), noma i-aria, noma i-powdery rowan

Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala kuma Carpathians nasezintabeni ze-Central and Southern Europe. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla eside kangako kungamamitha ayi-12. Ukwakheka komqhele kubanzi-phiramidi. Isiqu simbozwe nge-brown-red or brownish bark, ngaphezu kwesiqu kukhona okuzwakala njenge-pubescence. Amapuleti eshidi eliphelele lesikhumba esiyindilinga eyindilinga eceleni komphetho we-bicapillary ebukhali. Ngesikhathi sokuvula, amaqabunga anozwe omhlophe, bese ingaphambili lamaqabunga liphenduka liluhlaza. Ekwindla, umbala wamaqabunga ushintsha ube yimibala ehlukahlukene yombala wethusi, ngenxa yalokhu, umlotha wentaba ngaphandle uqala ukufana nomhlanga. Izihlangu, ububanzi ezifinyelela kumasentimitha angu-8, zinezimbali ezimhlophe. Amajikijolo adliwayo ayindilinga ububanzi afinyelela ku-15 mm, apendwe ngombala obomvu-orenji noma opinki o-orange. Ipulpuni enoshukela omuncu ayimnandi njengasezinhlotsheni zezithelo ezinhle. Khiqizwa kusukela ngo-1880. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zengadi:

I-Decaysne. Izimbali nezimbali zamahlamvu zaleli fomu zikhulu.
Iyadla. Ukwakheka kwamapuleti eshidi kuyinto elliptical noma oblong. Amajikijolo akulesi sitshalo akhulu kancane kunasezinhlotsheni eziphambili.
I-Chrysophyll. Kuyo yonke inkathi, amahlamvu apendwe ngombala ophuzi ophuzi. Ekwindla, iba ophuzi onamafutha.
Manifix. Ngesikhathi sokuvula, amapuleti amaqabunga amhlophe qhwa, ehlobo ubuso bawo bangaphambili buba luhlaza. Ekwindla, umbala wabo ushintsha ubhedu. Amajikijolo abomvu ebusweni angama-pubescent ngesimo senqwaba emhlophe.
Kakhulu. Ukuphakama kwesitshalo esinjalo kungamamitha ayi-15. Akwenzi amajikijolo.

Umlotha wentaba i-Hybrid (Sorbus x hybrida)

Lesi sitshalo iyi-hybrid yemvelo ephakathi nendawo yomlotha wentaba nomlotha wentaba obomvu. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, le nhlobo ingatholakala eNyakatho Yurophu. Amapuleti amaqabunga ayinkimbinkimbi ahlanganisa i-cirrus elula namapheshana alayishiwe. Ingxenye yangaphambili yamahlamvu iluhlaza futhi ayinalutho, futhi uhlangothi olungalungile lunobumpunga obumpunga noma obomhlophe. Abalimi bakhulisa i-hybrid eyodwa kuphela - izinhlobonhlobo zeToringian, ezazitholwa ngokuwela umlotha wentaba ohamba ngokujikeleza nomlotha wentaba obomvu. Kulesihlahla, kuqhathaniswa ne-rollan hybrid, amabala amaqabunga amaqabunga awagawulwa kangako, ngenkathi egcwele futhi ebanzi.

Intaba ijwayelekile (ebomvu)

Ukuchazwa okuningiliziwe kwalolu hlobo kungatholakala ekuqaleni kwendatshana. Unenombolo enkulu yezindlela zokuhlobisa, ezihluka phakathi kwabo ngombala wamajikijolo, ukwakheka komqhele kanye nombala wamahlamvu, isibonelo: iBurka, notshwala, iphayiphu, i-Michurin dessert, isiRussia, ipiramidi, ukukhala, iBeysner, iNvezhinsky, iMoravian, noma okumnandi, uFifeana, njll. Zonke lezi zinhlobo zigcina ukubukeka kwazo okumangazayo kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula. Kufanele kubhekwe kakhulu amafomu alandelayo:

I-Nevezhinskaya. Ngaphandle, lezinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo eziphambili ziyafana kakhulu. Lezi zitshalo zihlukaniswa iqiniso lokuthi amajikijolo omlotha wentaba waseNevezhinsky awunawo umunyu ne-astringency, noma ungavuthiwe, lapho izinhlobo eziphambili zingadla kuphela ngemuva kokuba isiqalo sokuqala sesedlule.
Intaba i-ash Moravian noma emnandi. Kutholakala emvelweni ezintabeni zaseSudeten. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo, amapuleti amaqabunga avuleka ngokwengeziwe, futhi ukugeleza komlotha wezintaba okunjalo kuqala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ama-inflorescence kwesinye isikhathi angafaka izimbali ezingaba ngu-150. Amajikijolo abomvu abomvu anepulpiki enomnandi yombala we-orange nokunambitheka okumuncu.
Isi-Liqueur. Le nhlobonhlobo yazalwa ibonga uMichurin, ngoba lokhu weqa umdondolo omnyama nomlotha wentaba obomvu. Umbala wamajikijolo umnyama futhi onsomi. Lo mlotha wentaba unokuphikisana kakhulu nesithwathwa.
IGrenade. Uhlobo lwazalwa ngenxa yokuwela i-hawthorn enezithelo ezinkulu nomlotha wentaba obomvu ngo-1925. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla esinjalo kungaba amasentimitha angama-400. Amapuleti angamaqabunga acwengekile, acwebezelayo, anamaqabunga alula angaba amasentimitha ayi-17. Engxenyeni engenhla, amaqabunga aqukethe i-elliptical noma i-ovoid, kanti engxenyeni engezansi atholakala e-cirrus. Amajikijolo omuncu omuncu eBurgundy anesayizi alingana no-cherry. Izinhlobo zinokumelana kakhulu nesithwathwa.
IBurka. Yazalwa ngo-1918 lapho inqamula umlotha obomvu wezintaba nomlotha wezintaba ze-alpine. Amapuleti aluhlaza amnyama anamaqabunga aluhlaza ayasuswa futhi ane-pubescence encane. Ama-amajikijolo abomvu ansundu aphakathi ngosayizi. Umlotha wasentabeni uhlala muhle kakhulu kuyo yonke inkathi yesikhathi.
I-Michurinskaya dessert. Le yi-hybrid phakathi kophuzo lwentaba i-ash ash kanye ne-medlar yaseJalimane. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla kungama-300 cm kuphela, umqhele ubanzi. Amapuleti amaqabunga angamabhebhana angahlanganisiwe afinyelela amasentimitha angama-18 ubude, anezimbambo eziyisithupha noma eziyisikhombisa zamaqabunga aluhlaza, ingaphakathi lazo liyi-pubescent encane. Amajikijolo abomvu amnyama aphakathi nendawo afana kakhulu nezithelo ze-medlar. Lesi sihlahla sinokuphakeme okuphezulu kokuhlobisa nokuqandaza isithwathwa.

Abalimi baphinda bahlakulele izinhlobo ezinjengamlotha asezintabeni anjengalezi: ezixubile, eziphakathi nendawo, noma isiSweden, i-alder, iKöhne, iVilmorena, i-Amur nezinye.

Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zomlotha osentabeni obomvu

Bead. Isitshalo siphakathi nendawo. Amajikijolo anomuncu futhi ukunambitheka okufana nama-cranberry.
Ukubheja. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezithelo ezimnandi zibonakala ngokukhiqiza okuphezulu nokumelana nesithwathwa. Inhloso yalokhu ukuhluka kwetafula nosawoti. Izithelo zombala opinki-ophuzi ziyamangaza kakhulu.
Solar. Izinhlobonhlobo izithelo eziqinile. Amajikijolo ahlanganisiwe e-orange ane-blush ebomvu amnandi futhi asha, futhi enziwe nge ushukela granured.
ISorbinka. Izinhlobonhlobo zibonakala ngokukhiqiza nokumelana nesithwathwa. Amajikijolo abomvu futhi makhulu, angadliwa asha noma asetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa.

Izinhlobo ezinjalo zomlotha wentaba obomvu nazo zithandwa kakhulu: I-Kirsten Pink, Uhlobo Olubomvu, Ikhaphethi Yegolide, I-White Max, i-Shimi Glow, uLeonard Springer, uFastigiata, i-Integrima, iGerman, iTitanium, njll.

Umlotha wentaba ekwakhiweni komhlaba

Umlotha wentaba ekwakhiweni komhlaba ungadlala indima yesibili noma eyinhloko. Imigwaqo emincane nemidwebo kuhlotshiswe ngayo ifomu lokukhalela i-rowanberry, nayo itshalwe etshanini noma emaphethelweni ehlathi kude nezinye izihlahla, njengesitshalo solo.

Isitshalo esinjalo sibukeka sisikhulu eqenjini elinezinye izihlahla nezihlahla, isibonelo, ingulube, i-spirea, iqhwa noma i-barberry. Umlotha osezintabeni uhambela kahle namaConifers (thuja, uphayini, i-fir noma i-spruce). Ikakhulu ekwindla, lapho kuphambene nemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma eluhlaza yemithi enobuhlalu, umlotha wentaba onemibala ubukeka umanga kakhulu.

Futhi, lesi sitshalo singatshalwa kanye nezihlahla eziqabulayo: i-linden, umnyama popula, imephu, umlotha kanye nomcamelo omhlophe. Izinhlobo eziningi zomlotha osezintabeni ziyakwazi ukugcizelela umphumela we-viburnum, umlotha wezintaba womlotha wentaba, i-honeysuckle kanye nama-roses axhunyiwe. Ukusuka esihlahleni esigoqekile ungakha uthango, lapho izimbali zisetshenziswa kuzobukeka zihle. Ukukhetha indawo yokutshala isiko elinjalo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi lithinta kabi kakhulu umoya ongahlanyiwe nowentuthu osendaweni yasemadolobheni.

Izici zomlotha wasentabeni: ukulimaza nezinzuzo

Izici eziwusizo zomlotha osentabeni

Kukhona uvithamini C obomvu omningi kumajikijolo ama-rowan, atholakala kakhulu ukwedlula kulamula. Amajikijolo aqukethe amavithamini P, B2, PP, K no-E, kanye ne-proitamin A, i-glycosides, ama-amino acid, ama-pectin, umunyu, ama-tannins, ama-organic acid (i-presinic, i-citric kanye ne-malic), i-flavonoid, i-iodine, i-potassium, i-magnesium, i-iron , ithusi, i-manganese, i-zinc, i-alcohols, i-oyili ebalulekile kanye nokuguquguquka. Amajikijolo anjalo ahlukaniswa yi-diaphoretic, he hentatic, choleretic ne-diuretic effect. ENorway, isitshalo esinjalo sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amanxeba futhi siqine, eHungary sisetshenziselwa ukwelapha isifo sohudo, eBulgaria amatshe asuswa ezinso ngezinso.

Njengoba kunamavithamini amaningi kumajikijolo, asetshenziselwa ukwenza ngcono isimo somzimba ngesifo sikashukela, izinso nesibindi, i-anemia, hemorrhoids, izifo zokugaya, ikakhulukazi nge-gastritis, i-colitis kanye ne-peptic ulcer.

Ijusi le-ash ash lisiza ukuvuselela isifiso sokudla, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukuyisebenzisela izinhlungu zokuqaqamba, ukukhathala, amatshe ezinso kanye nesinye. Lejusi inamandla okuqeda i-edema, yenze umzimba ube ngokwejwayelekile, i-cholesterol engezansi yegazi, iyeke ukopha futhi ibe nomphumela we-antimicrobial. Kuboniswa elinye ijusi elisetshenziselwa i-gout, atherossteosis, asthenia, fragility of capillaries, umfutho wegazi ophezulu, i-arrhythmias, ukopha kanye namaqhubu ayingozi, futhi nangobuthi be-carbon monoxide.

Izici zokupholisa zitholakala ezimbali, amagxolo, amaqabunga amaqabunga kanye namajikijolo esihlahla somlotha sentaba. I-Hypertension iphathwa nge-decoction ye-bark, kuyilapho kunconywa i-scurvy ukuthatha umuthi kusuka amahlamvu, ngoba aqukethe amavithamini C amaningi (nangaphezu kwamajikijolo). Amalungiselelo asezimbali kanye namajikijolo asetshenziselwa izifo zepheshana lesisu, ukuphazamiseka komzimba kanye nokubanda.

Isitshalo esinjalo singasetshenziswa futhi ngaphandle kwezilonda, ukuvuvukala okuhlukahlukene, ukusha kanye ne-warts.

Embonini ye-confectionery, amajikijolo ama-rollan eluhlaza, okuyi-multivitamin, asetshenziswa njengezinto ezingavuthiwe. Zisetshenziselwa ukwenziwa kwamaswidi, utshwala, i-vodka, ukugcwaliswa kanye ne-tinctures, i-marmalade, i-marmalade, i-jelly, i-pastille, ukulondolozwa kanye neziphuzo ezithambile.

I-decoction egcwele yamajikijolo ama-rowan isetshenziswa ekwelashweni kwezilwane ukwelapha izifo zamaphaphu ezilwaneni.

Ukwenza ngcono impilo ekuseni, kunconyelwa ukusebenzisa isiphuzo esivela emlotheni osentabeni, onempahla ye-tonic. Kusihlwa, ku-thermos eyi-3-litre, udinga ukuthulula isipuni esisodwa samajikijolo amasha noma omisiwe we-raan, barberry ne-rose hip. Ugcwele amanzi asanda kubiliswa futhi uvalwe ngokuqinile. Leli teyi kufanele idakwe kusukela ekuseni kuze kube isidlo sakusihlwa, bese uphinde uthele amanzi abilayo kuma-thermos, ulinde kuze kube yilapho isiphuzo sidlisiwe, bese uphuza futhi. Lapho isiphuzo sesibili sesiphelile, khipha amajikijolo, uwaphule kahle bese ubeka endaweni eyi-thermos egcwele amanzi abilisiwe. Ungasebenzisa ukunikela okukodwa kwamajikijolo amahlandla ama-3.

Contraindication

Ama-Rowan amajikijolo awenqatshelwe ukusebenzisa abantu abaye bahlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo noma unhlangothi, kanye nesifo senhliziyo kanye nokwanda kwegazi. Futhi, ayinconywa kubantu abane-acidity ephezulu yesisu.