Emapulazini amaningi engadi, ama-raspberries wokulungisa manje asehlala enye yezindawo zokuhlonipha. Isizathu esiyinhloko salokhu kungukulula kwayo ukulima nokunakekelwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zokulungisa zithathwa njengezokwindla, ngoba ziletha izilimo kuze kube sekwindla sekwephuzile kuze kufike isithwathwa. I-athikili inemininingwane yezindlela zokunakekelwa okufanele, izindlela zokukhiqiza kabusha ama-raspberries e-remont.
Ama-raspberry ajwayelekile akhiqiza cishe izikhathi ezimbili ngonyaka. Izinhlobonhlobo zokulungisa zizonikeza umndeni ngamajikijolo amasha phakathi nenkathi yehlobo kuze kube sekwindla.
Izinzuzo ezinkulu ezingenakufinyeleleka ze-remont raspberry abalimi zifaka:
- Isilimo sokuqala singatholakala ngonyaka wokutshala.
- Izidingo ezincane zokunakekelwa.
- Isivuno esikhulu.
- Ukumelana nomonakalo ngenxa yezilokazane nezifo fungal.
Ungayikhetha kanjani i-raspberries ehlukahlukene yokulungisa?
Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwe-raspberries yokulungisa kwenziwa kahle ngokusekelwe kuzimpawu zezulu zensimu ethile ethize. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhethwe ngokungafanele zizoholela ekungazalanga kwamajikijolo nokukhula kabi kwesihlahla. Abahlali abaningi ehlobo baphendukela ekutshaleni izinhlobo eziningana zama-raspberries angama-remont ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuze bajabulele amajikijolo amnandi isizini yonke. Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zama-raspberries asekwindla zibhekwa njengezithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
- I-Atlant - Isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukulinyelwa ngenhloso yezimboni nokuyithengisa. Ihlukaniswa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu, amajikijolo amakhulu, ahamba kahle futhi agcinwe, enesihlahla esikhula ngokuqondile.
- IDayimane - Kubonakala nge-fruiting ephezulu, ukubukeka okukhangayo kwamajikijolo angatshalwa ngokuthengisa. Amabhasi angasebenza njengengxenye yokuhlobisa yegumbi lasehlobo. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko kwalolu hlobo lwe-raspberry kwenziwa ngemuva kokuba kubolile. Ngaphambi kobusika, yonke ingxenye ehlathini isuswa ngokuphelele. Le nhlobonhlobo yama-raspberries we-remont afanelekile ekukhuleni kude nalo lonke elaseRussia. Ingakhula ngempumelelo ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu seCentral Black Earth Region, Center, kanye nesifunda saseNyakatho Caucasus.
- Ihlobo laseNdiya - Kubonakala ngezimpawu eziphakeme zezithelo, ekunambithekeni nasekubukekeni. Iningi lezitshalo lakhiwa amahlumela amasha akhule kule sizini. Izinhlobonhlobo zavinjiswa abafuyi bezasekhaya. Njengonhlobonhlobo lwedayimane, ihlobo laseNdiya likhula kahle esifundeni esiseCentral, Central Black Earth naseNyakatho Caucasus.
- Ihlobo laseNdiya 2 - Kubonakala ngesivuno esiphezulu nezimpawu zokunambitheka ezinhle kakhulu. Ihlobo laseNdiya 2 liqala ukuthela amajikijolo okuqala, lithela izithelo kakhulu kuze kube sekwindla. Le nhlobonhlobo imelana kakhulu nomonakalo ngazo zombili izinambuzane nezifo zokukhunta. Izinhlobonhlobo zingasetshenziselwa ukuzalanisa ukuthengiswa. Ngokuya ngaphansi kwazo zonke izimo ezikhulayo, kanye nezimo zezulu ezifanele, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa sehlobo laseNdiya ungathola cishe ama-2,5 kg wesilimo.
- AmaHercule - Kuhluka ngosayizi omkhulu wamajikijolo. Awudingi ukunamathisela isihlahla ukusekelwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nezifo nezinambuzane, zikuvumela ukuthi ukhule amajikijolo esikalini sezimboni.
- Isigebenga esikhulu - I-raspberry enhle kakhulu enezithelo ezinkulu kunazo zonke phakathi kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezinamajikijolo aphuzi. Izinhlobonhlobo ze-raspberry ziyehluka kwabanye ngamajikijolo amakhulu anamanzi. Kepha izithelo ezinjalo azihanjiswa kahle, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukuzicubungula uzidle lapho.
Izinhlobo ezingama-remont raspberries ezithandwayo kuphela ezibalwe ngenhla. Kukhona inani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo zalo, ungazikhetha ezilungile ngaphandle kobunzima ngokuya ngokuthanda ukunambitheka komuntu siqu, izidingo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nezimo zezulu zokulima.
Ungatshala kanjani izithombo?
Ukutshala ama-raspberries we-remont atshalwa kuphela entwasahlobo. Izinto zokutshala akudingekile ukuthenga kusengaphambili. Ukuthenga kwenziwa kangcono ezitolo ezikhethekile nakwezindawo zokugcina izingane ukuze ungadumali emiphumeleni. Uhlelo lwezimpande luyindlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokukhetha isithombo esifanele ukutshala. Uhlelo lwezimpande kufanele lube nempilo ngokuphelele ngokubukeka, ngaphandle kokubola, luthuthukiswe kahle, ngaphandle kokubumba. Lapho uhlelo lwempande lubukeka lungcono, ngokushesha isihlahla sizovuma futhi sikhule.
Ungatshala kuphi ama-raspberries asabekayo?
Indawo yokutshala ama-remont raspberries izoba nomthelela oqondile ekukhuleni kwayo, ekuthuthukisweni nasekufutheni izithelo. Indawo ekhethwe kahle ngokuzayo izokwenza lula ukugcinwa kwayo. Izindlela eziyinhloko zokukhetha indawo okufika kuyo yizinga lokushisa nelitha. Indawo ekahle izotholakala eduze kocingo, udonga lwesakhiwo, olukhanyiswa ukukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi sonke semini.
Ama-raspberry asuswayo ayakwazi ukukhombisa ukukhiqiza okuphezulu kuphela emhlabathini ovundile futhi ovundisiwe kahle. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lo oyisizinda esingaphansi komhlaba kufanele aqhubeke nokukhululeka, adlule umoya nomswakama kahle. Ama-raspberries wokulungisa afunwa kangako kumanyolo, ngoba, ngokungafani nezinhlobo ezejwayelekile, kuzofanela uthele izithelo okungenani izikhathi ezi-2 ngesizini.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo
Kufanelekile ukutshala umgodi onobubanzi obungamasentimitha angama-60 nobubanzi obungama-40 cm. Kunoma yikuphi, udinga ukugxila kusayizi wezithombo ngamunye ngamunye. Ibanga phakathi kwezimbobo kufanele libe yi-1 m. Isivuno esiphakeme kakhulu sikhonjiswa kuphela kulawo mabhasi emithonjeni lapho umquba wathululelwa khona ngaphambi kokutshala. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okuthandwa kakhulu yi-superphosphate (2 wezipuni ngethambo) elixubene nomlotha nenhlabathi.
Izimpande ziqondiswa ngokucophelela emgodini, kancane kancane zifafazwe nomhlaba. Futhi lapho kuphela umgodi ugcwaliswa ngokuphelele, umhlaba unyathelwa phezulu ngezinyawo zakho. Akudingekile ngokuphelele ukugcwalisa intamo yezimpande. Kungakapheli izinsuku eziyi-14, kuzocaca ukuthi isithombo sesithathile noma cha.
Imithetho yokulungiswa kwama-raspberries we-remont
Imithetho yokunakekela ama-raspberries atshaliwe ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Amajikijolo adinga ukuthambisa kaningi. Isihlahla ngasinye sinconywa ukuniselwa nsuku zonke. Uma ihlobo selomile futhi lishisa, khona-ke ukuthambisa akufanele kweqiwe. Uma umhlaba uphawuleka ngokudluliselwa kwawo kabi, amanzi akuwo ayaqina, nomoya ungadluleli kahle, khona-ke izimpande zama-raspberries zingaqala ukubola. Kulokhu, kufanelekile ukulungisa ukuchelela kususelwa ezimfanelweni zenhlabathi.
Ukuvula umhlabathi inqubo eyimpoqo yokunakekelwa kwama-raspberries angama-remont. Kwenze okungenani kanye ezinsukwini eziyi-14 ekujuleni okungaba ngamasentimitha ayi-7. Ukuvula okuningile kuzolimaza uhlelo lwezimpande.
Kubalulekile ukufaka umanyolo njalo kuyo yonke inkathi yokukhula nezithelo ye-raspberries. Ukulungiswa kwama-raspberries kumele athole njalo umsoco enhlabathini, ngoba kudinga amandla amaningi okubuyisela isivuno kabusha. Kokubili umanyolo we-organic kanye ne-mineral usetshenziselwa ukondla izihlahla. Udinga ukondla izihlahla ngesimo sezulu esifudumele, ngokushesha ngemuva kokuthi isendlalelo senziwe kahle.
Ngemuva kokuncibilika kweqhwa, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise ngokushesha ingxenye yokuqala yomanyolo enhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imvamisa yokufaka umquba izolingana kanye njalo emavikini ama-3.
Engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo, ama-raspberries e-remont adinga umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi oqukethe i-potassium, ukulandelela izinto ne-phosphorus.
Ukuthena okulungile kuyisihluthulelo sokuthola okuphezulu
Izihlahla zokuthena imvelo kumele lapho zikhula ama-raspberries we-remont. Ukuthena okulungile kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuphezulu kwesihlahla futhi kwandise isikhathi sokwenza izithelo. Kunemithetho ethile yokuthena isihlahla. Ukwephula kwabo kuzoholela ekutheni ama-raspberries alahlekelwe yizici zawo ezisezingeni eliphakeme bese ephenduka ukubukeka okujwayelekile.
Imithetho yokusungula:
- Ukugawulwa kwezihlahla kwenziwa ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho kusungulwa amazinga okushisa anobusuku obuqinile asebusuku.
- Ukuze uthenwe, sebenzisa i-pruner engadini noma isikhafu esibukhali.
- Ukudutshulwa kugawulwa kuze kufinyelele ezingeni lomhlabathi ukuze uhlelo lwempande kuphela olusele ebusika.
- Ukusika amahlumela kushiswa ngokushesha ngemuva kokususwa. Lokhu kugwema ukusakazeka kwezinambuzane nezifo.
Ukuthenwa kwentwasahlobo okusebenzayo, kepha kuphela ngaphambi kokuqhakaza kuqala. Ngesikhathi sokuthena kwentwasahlobo, akubona konke okususwayo okususwa, kepha kuphela isiqu sayo esomile esihlahleni sokuqala esiphilayo.
Ungakusabalalisa kanjani ama-raspberries wokulungisa?
Ngokutshala i-raspberry, izindlela ezijwayelekile zokusakazeka kwesitshalo azifanele. Ukusatshalaliswa kwayo, kusetshenziswa enye yezindlela ezilandelayo:
- Ehlathini ngalinye kunamagatsha aneminyaka engu-2-3 ubudala. Kufanele zisuswe. Imvamisa zitholakala enkabeni. Ukususwa kwabo kuvusa ukukhula nokukhula kwamahlumela amasha. Kuzovela isitshalo esincane kuhlelo lwezimpande eligcinwe. Amahlumela abangelwa azobe elungele ukufakelwa.
- Entwasahlobo sekwephuzile, ingxenye enamahlumela amasha kanye nohlelo lwezimpande oluzimele ihlukaniswe nesihlahla esidala. Isakhiwo esinjalo singaphansi kokuzibamba endaweni entsha.
Izinambuzane nezifo
Ukulungiswa kwama-raspberries kungathinteka yizinambuzane ezinjengama-aphid, amabele enyongo, izimbuzane zesicabucabu, amabhungane okusajingijolo kanye nokugqwala okusajingijolo, amabhu ezinso, izimpukane zezindebe.
Phakathi kwezifo zamagciwane ezithinta amahlahla, ezivame kakhulu yi-anthracnose, i-powdery hlobo, amabala ansomi, i-mycoplasmosis ne-raspberry curl.
Ukuvimbela ukuvela kwezifo nezilokazane ezinhlahleni ezihlala emajikijolo, kuyanconywa ukuthi ubaphathe ngezikhathi ezithile nge-Bordeaux ketshezi (ngesikhathi sokukhula kwentwasahlobo nangemva kokukhula izithelo).
