I-Flower Venus slipper - kusuka kuhlobo lwama-orchid. Kukhona inganekwane ethi unkulunkulukazi wothando uVenus wayegqoka izicathulo ezingafani nakancane. UBeauty wayegqoka izicathulo kuphela ezivela ezimbalini ezikhule ngokukhethekile. Iqiniso noma cha, kepha izimbali ziyakhula emhlabeni wonke ezifana nesimo sezicucu ngesimo, futhi zikufanele impela izinyawo zikankulunkulukazi ebuhleni. Izitshalo ezifanayo nezingatholakala emahlathini ePrimorye kuzoxoxwa ngazo kule ndatshana. Lezi zimbali ziyaqhakaza ngoMeyi futhi zihlukile kakhulu futhi zinhle, lo mndeni uhlukaniswe ngohlobo oluhlukile olubizwa ngeVenus slipper.
Umndeni wezimbali zohlobo lweVenus slipper (iCypripedium) unezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-50 ezikhula kuzwekazi laseMelika, eYurophu nase-Asia kusukela ekuqeshisweni kwe-tundra kuya esifundeni esiphansi. UFlora waseRussia unezinhlobo ezinhlanu, zazo izinhlobo ezintathu zikhula ePrimorye. Zonke izitshalo zibhalwe ku-Red Book of Russia nase Primorsky Territory. I- "orchid" yasolwandle, mhlawumbe, njengabo bonke ubuhle, inikezwa umlingiswa onqenqemeni, ukuqhuma kuphela ngonyaka weshumi nesishiyagalombili wokuphila, futhi inejusi le-pungent elimnandi kakhulu-elingathandeki. Endle, ukuqhakaza isikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Kuliqiniso, lokhu kungukuphela kokuvikelwa kulabo abafuna ukuba nakho.
Ku-botany, lolu hlobo lwezimbali lubhalwe njengeCypripedium - igama elihlanganisa amagama amabili esiGrikhi uCypris - eCyprus (axhumene nelinye lamagama adumile kunkulunkulukazi owazalwa egwebini lolwandle - u-Aphrodite ngaseCyprus, yingakho igama leKhupro - "cypress owazalwa" no-pedilon - "sandal") . Kwinganekwane yamaRoma, u-Aphrodite noVenus bayinganekwane eyodwa, yingakho igama lesitshalo - "iVenus slipper".
Isithombe nesincazelo seVenus
Isithombe seVenus eshelelayo
"I-Venus slipper" izimbali ezinkulu, indawo yokuhlala nokukhula. Lolu hlobo lwe-orchid aluvamile, kepha lutholakala emahlathini asempumalanga engxenyeni yaseYurophu yeRussia, futhi engxenyeni eseningizimu yehlathi laseSiberia, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeKazakhstan, emaqeleni aseMongolia, China kanye nasehlathini laseJapan.
I-Venus slipper isho okungahleliwe. Lesi sitshalo sinezilo ezinwabuzelayo, lapho inethiwekhi ethuthukisiwe yezimpande ezinde, isiqu esiqondile. Izimbali zikhulu, zifinyelela kububanzi obungamasentimitha ayi-6 - 8, ikakhulukazi zinombala onsomi enemisipha e-raspberry.
Eminye imibala yesicathulo se-venus nayo yaziwa: i-violet - epinki enomlomo omhlophe noma opinki; emhlophe emsulwa enemifudlana epinki; ophuzi ngemithambo eluhlaza. Embhalweni omkhulu, kukhona okokubili, okokukhula kwesithathu kukhula, kumboze "umnyango" imbali. Esimweni sezulu esingesihle, noma lapho kuqala ukuna, imbali ifihla ngaphansi kweqabunga ukuze amanzi angazigcwalisi isitsha sezimbali. Kepha nokho, amaconsi ambalwa amazolo, ahlanganiswe nejusi elabelwe, ahlala ezansi kwesitsha sezimbali, esidonsela izinyosi nezinambuzane ezahlukahlukene - ama-pollinators.
“Ukubamba” izinyosi
Incazelo ye-venus slipper
Kukholelwa ukuthi isihlobo esiseduze kakhulu se-orchid siwumnduze, kepha izimbali ziyafana komunye nomunye ngoba zinenani elifanayo lezipuni - eziyisithupha. Kepha uma umnduze unamaphalishi afanayo, khona-ke i-orchid inesakhiwo esihluke ngokuphelele. Le mbali yashintsha ukwakheka kwayo, yaqala ukubukeka kakhulu ezinambuzaneni nasezinyosi, yakha izimo ezifanele zokungcoliswa. Olunye lwalezi zinguquko petal ende kakhulu, esephenduke "indawo yokufika" esidlule okunzima kakhulu ukuthi umgibeli we-pollinator andize.
Le petal ibizwa ngokuthi i-lip. Kwezinyosi nezinambuzane, izindebe zibukeka njengento etholakala kalula epulazini ', futhi elihambisa iphunga elimnandi. Kepha uma isinambuzane isilikhumula, ukuze sifike kumpetha omnandi ngaphakathi esitsheni, kuyadingeka ukungena ngaphakathi kwembali kudlula ngendlela emincane kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokudla okumnandi, ukubuyela emuva, lesi sinambuzane kuyodingeka ukuthi sibe nokungcola okuhle. Ukuphuma engxenyeni ebanzi yentyatyambo, lesi sinambuzane siqala ukwenzeka ezimbalini, futhi sikwenze lokhu ngaphandle kokuthinta ukucwaswa kwembali futhi sishiya impova evela kwezinye izimbali kuso, futhi hhayi ukuqoqa impova uqobo, akunakwenzeka.
Into ephawuleka kakhulu ukuthi ubandlululo luthintwa okokuqala ukuze luqhume kwesinye isitshalo, futhi yilapho kuphela lapho luphuma khona imbali, inambuzane liqoqana impova ngokwalo, ngaleyo ndlela kuqedwe ithuba lokuzingcolisa.
Ukuthi impova kwenzeka kanjani
Ukuhamba kweVenus eNcwadini ebomvu
Njengoba inethuluzi elinjengombala omnandi futhi onephunga elimnandi njengelbe "lokubamba" imbali enkulu, i-venus slipper idonsa isinambuzane esingathi sína sokwenza impova: isayensi yemvelo ethokozisayo enezinyosi zohlobo luka-Andrena isisunguliwe. Izinyosi ezinjengokuthi kukhona umpe omkhulu ezimbalini, futhi imbali ivumelane nokuthi i-shaggy insect ithwala impova yayo kangcono kunomunye umuntu. Ngemuva kokufika ezindebeni, inyosi iyagobhoza esigabeni esincanyana sentyatyambo lapho iziphindisela khona ngompe, isisekelo samaphalishi siyashelela bese inyosi iwele ngaphakathi imbali, igcotshwe umpe. Isinambuzane esimanzi sincishwa okwesikhashana amandla okundiza.
Ngemuva kwemizamo eminingana yokuthatha uhambo, lesi sinambuzane esiphelile siyaqaphela ukuthi kungenzeka nje ukuthi kukhanye kuphume imbali. Ukubona umgodi omncane wokonga, ongaphansi kwezingcindezi ezimbili, uqala ukuphuma ekuthunjweni okukhohlisayo, kanye nezinsimbi zesicubu sokufika, esincishwe imibala endaweni, bonisa isithako indlela eya lapho udinga ukukhwela khona.
Ukukhetha umgodi omncane, inyosi kuqala ithinte ihlazo lokukhipha, ishiye impova evela kwezinye izimbali kuyo. Ngaphambi nje kokuphuma, inyosi ithinta ama-anther amabili, ayifafaza ngempova. Lapho sesiphumile epulatifomu yezindebe, lesi sinambuzane asikwazi ukuhamba isikhashana, kepha lapho sesomile kancane futhi saphumula, inyosi indizela esicathulweni esilandelayo seVenus, lapho i-adventure iphindwa khona futhi.
Ngemuva kokukhulelwa, i-orchid isagcina ukugqama kwepende izinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezine. I-venus slipper engavukeli impova ingalinda inyanga noma ngaphezulu impova yayo. Izimbali ezisikiwe zigcinwa cishe amasonto amabili. Ukunyakaza kweVenus kuqala ukuqhakaza kusuka maphakathi noMeyi kuya kuJuni.
Ukusakazeka kwe-orchid venus slipper
I-Orchid Venus isinciphisi
Izithelo zesitshalo ibhokisi elincane eligcwele imbewu enothuli. Imbewu incane kangangokuba kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-16, ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi ama-orchid awanazo imbewu, amabhokisi aqukethe uthuli nje. Ucezwana olunjalo luthuli lunesisindo esiyinkulungwane gramu, futhi ingxenye engaphezulu yembewu iqukethe umoya. Lokhu kuvumela imbewu ye-orchid ukundiza amabanga amade okhiqizwa umoya.
Kepha kulezi zimbewu eziyizigidi eziningana eziqukethwe ebhokisini linye, ziyahluma, ezimbili kuphela - ezintathu, futhi kuphela uma zingena ezimweni ezivumayo.
Iqiniso ngukuthi imbewu ayinawo umsoco wezithelo, kanti nezithelo uqobo zakhiwa. Igciwane elincane kangako alikwazi ukudala izimo zokuhluma. Ngakho-ke, badinga i-Symbiosis yemvelo ephethwe yi-mycelium yezitshalo zokukhunta (i-mycelium ingumzimba obanzi we-fungus otholakala ngaphansi komhlaba, ohlinzeka ngokudla okunempilo kanye nekhono lokukhulisa umzimba we-fungus we-fungus).
Lolu uhlobo lwamakhowe olunjengalolu: i-armillaria, i-corticle, i-xerotus, i-rhizoctonia. Ukuze imbewu ye-orchid iqhume, kudingeka ifike endaweni ethile lapho kuhlangana khona izimpande zalesi fungi, lapho isizigxishwe ohlelweni lwe-mycelium lukhunta, i-orchid iyahluma futhi ikhule ngaphansi kweminyaka engu-4-5 ngaphambi kokuvela kweqabunga lokuqala ebusweni. Ngaphambi kombala wokuqala, izitshalo zithola amandla cishe iminyaka eyi-17-18. Ngesikhathi sokutshala, isikhathi sokuqala sezimbali sincishiselwa eminyakeni eyi-10.
Isitshalo esidala esishelelayo sidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Ukuze ukhule lolu hlobo lwe-orchid, kudingeka inhlabathi enomswakama, kepha ngaphandle kokuqina kwamanzi. Ngakho-ke, isiza kungcono ukukhetha phakathi noma egqumeni elincane. Ama-orchid angomakhelwane wokhula nezimpande zezihlahla ezikhulayo azikwazi ukubekezelela. Isixazululo sale nkinga izihlangu ezembiwe emhlabathini njengesitsha esinokuphakama kwamasentimitha angama-25 - 35, okwenza uthango olunjalo olungaphansi komhlaba lungcono kakhulu ku-orchid ngalinye ngokwehlukana.
Uthango luzosiza ekuvikeleni ukuthambekisela ekushayeni izimpande zama-orchid ezitshalweni ezingomakhelwane. Ukuhluma kwama-orchid amasha, kungcono futhi ukumba isitsha esincane esinamandla amalitha ayi-15 - 20 emhlabathini. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-3-4, lapho kuvela amahlumela, adinga ukudluliselwa endaweni lapho ezokhula khona futhi.
I-venus slipper ayithandi inhlabathi evundisiwe yengadi, lapho kukhona khona umanyolo we-organic kanye namaminerali.
Imbali ye-venus slipper mesmerize ngobuhle bayo
Kubo, kungcono ukuletha ama-humus avela ehlathini, angcono kakhulu ama-oak kanye nama-nati plantings Ungangezela ukubola okuqinile okugqinsiwe, ukungathathi hlangothi, imous - sphagnum kulomhlaba, nesihlabathi esilinganayo esilinganisweni se-10 - 20% esengezwayo ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwenhlabathi.
Izimpande zesicucu se-venus azikho neze ekujuleni komhlaba futhi zinobukhulu obufanayo bezimpande ezikhula kusuka kubunjwana obuqondile. Izimpande zinephunga elibonakalako lamakhowe. Ingxenye ye-orchid ifa ekwindla, kepha, lapha izimpande zigcina ukugeleza okuphelele emhlabeni isikhathi eside kakhulu, ngakho-ke kudingeka ukunakekelwa kubo. Ekwindla, "ngaphambi kobusika", kungcono ukuthatha izinyathelo zokufakwa kwabo, ngoba lokhu ungakwazi ukugcoba umhlaba ngamaqabunga, noma ukumboza ngezinto zokumboza. Njengoba izimpande zisondele ngaphezulu ukuze zingazilimazi, akukho okudingeka kwenziwe ngomhlaba.
