Isundu le-Eutherpa phakathi kwezitshalo ezingaphakathi endlini lithathwa njengento efinyeleleka kalula, futhi isitshalo esidla ubhedu kunazo zonke izihlobo zaso. Bayazi ikakhulukazi ngezithelo zayo ezikhethekile, ezivame kakhulu namuhla ngaphansi kwegama lethu lama-acai amajikijolo futhi asetshenziswa ngenkuthalo kwezokwelapha kanye ne-cosmetology. Kepha lesi sitshalo uqobo, esisinikeza amajikijolo anempilo futhi asetshenziswa ngendlela emangalisayo, abangele ukuqina impela eBrazil futhi kancane kancane sawina abalandeli bokudla okunempilo emhlabeni wonke, kufanele sihlonishwe. Yize kunjalo, lokhu kungukukhanya okubonakalayo kakhulu yazo zonke izihlahla zesundu, kubonakale kukuhle, kunomoya omangalisayo, kucishe kungabi nasisindo, naphezu kosayizi bawo omkhulu. Ukuvumelanisa okuhle kwamaqabunga, okubonakala kucishe kungokwamakhompiyutha ngenxa yezingxenye ezimfishane ze-wai, ama-silhouette anomusa kuphela awushintsha abe yinto eyingqayizivele engaphakathi. I-Euterpa igcwalisa indawo ezungezile ngobunye obukhethekile. Futhi ake sikhule lesi sihlahla sesundu embizeni yamabhodwe akuwona neze umsebenzi olula. Uhlobo olukhethekile lwe-eutterpa luhambelana ngokuphelele nokubukeka kwayo okukhethekile ngempela.
I-Acai, noma i-Euterpe yemifino (i-Euterpe oleracea). © AndreasUhlobo lomuntu siqu lwe-Acai edume
U-Eutherpa ungowesakhiwo semvelo esivamile, esivezwa ngokudelela noma ukuncoma. Lesi sihlahla sesundu sithole ama-epithets amaningi amangalisayo - futhi asetshenziswa kakhulu, futhi amnandi kakhulu, futhi amnandi kakhulu, futhi asabekayo, nendlovukazi ngokwazi okukhulu… Futhi kulo lonke igama lesidlaliso lelo iqiniso. I-Euterpa empeleni ingenye yezihlahla zesundu ezifunwa kakhulu ngaphakathi. Ungowomndeni wakwa-Arekov (I-Arecaceae) Futhi isimo saso njengesitshalo esidumile, izithelo zawo, umnyombo wamahlumela amasha ngisho namaqabunga adliwayo, kumane nje akunakuphikwa.
Isuka eBrazil naseParaguay, eqanjwe ngegama likankulunkulukazi wasendulo wamaGrikhi, isundu se-euterpa saziwa nangamanye amagama - isundu seklabishi, amagilebhisi ase-Amazonia, i-acai noma i-acai. Kepha wonke la magama awakhombisi nhlobo izici ezithile zokuhlobisa zesitshalo, kodwa ayathandeki, ngaphezu kwakho konke, ekuhlelweni kwezingxenye ezahlukahlukene. Izithelo ezinamakha azisetshenziselwa kuphela ukwenza i-Acsai iziphuze, kepha futhi kudliwa amaqabunga amancane namahlumela njengemifino, kokubili okuluhlaza nokubilisiwe.
Acai noma Imifino ye-Eutherpa (I-Euterpe oleracea) - Uhlobo kuphela lwe-acai olusetshenziswa emasikweni egumbi. Lesi sihlahla sesundu esikhulu kakhulu, esikwazi ukufinyelela kubude obuyi-35 m. Kepha izitshalo ezimbizeni azihlanganisi nje inani lezitshalo ezinkulu zasendlini, kodwa futhi sigcina ukucwazimana kwazo okuhambisana nobudala. I-Euterpa ayikhuli ngaphezu kwama-5-6 m ngisho nangaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zezingadi ze-botanical. Kuthengisiwe, kuvame ukumelwa izinhlobo zemifisha (ngokwesibonelo, ifomu lePara Dwarf) elinokuphakama okuphezulu okungamamitha ayi-2-3. Futhi iphuzu aligcini nje ukuthi intende ayinazo izinsiza zomhlabathi ezanele ukuze kufezekiswe "ubukhulu" bemvelo. Ukukhetha okusebenzayo ukuze kukhiqizwe umkhiqizo futhi kwenziwe lula ukuqoqwa kwezithelo kwehlise usayizi futhi kwanikeza "ibhonasi" engavamile yezitshalo ezibunjiweyo - kushintshe umlingiswa wayo futhi kwavumela ukuthola ukubukeka okuhle.
I-Acai ibonakala ngomusa omangalisayo nomoya obonakalayo. Mayelana nobuthakathaka obubonakalayo nobumnene, akekho omunye umuntu omele umndeni wesundu ongancintisana naye. Iziqu zemicu emincane, ebushelelezi, eqondile noma engamakhonkolo nje “iyisibonakaliso” esibonakalayo somqhele othambile. I-cirrus ebuthakathaka, i-drooping kancane, amaqabunga abanzi futhi amade aluhlaza kulokhu buhle ngokwemvelo ayakwazi ukufinyelela kububanzi obuyi-3 m .. Kepha ngokwesiko lekamelo kunzima kakhulu ukuqagela ububanzi bawo bangempela, ngoba i-lanceolate, i-thinnest, enamaqabunga e-lobes angavamile ukusakazeka abukeka emuhle ngokumangazayo futhi hhayi enkulu, yize empeleni inkulu kakhulu. Amahlamvu aqoqwe endaweni enhle yokuphuma. Ezihlahleni ezincane zesundu, amaqabunga okuqala afana nokudlwengulwa, anombala obumbaxa, kodwa-ke lesi sitshalo sikhipha okwejwayelekile i- cirrus vayi.
Amandla we-eutterpa ukuqhuma ezimweni zamakamelo, futhi nangaphezulu ukunikeza isivuno esisebenzayo, kuyangabazeka. Labo abathengisa imbewu yalesi sihlahla sesundu ukuze kutshalwe kuyo esikweni lasekamelweni futhi okufakelwa kubo kuhlanganisa i-acai, bayaqinisekisa ukuthi izoqala ukuthela izithelo ngokushesha nje lapho ifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha. Kuliqiniso, le mininingwane ihlala ingaqinisekisiwe, ngoba izinkomba zithi ama-eutterpa aqhakaza kuphela ezindaweni ezishisayo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka yini ukulinganisa ukuthi ukuqhuma kwe-acai kugcwele (kufana nokuthela izithelo) kusiko lamagumbi? Kunzima ukusho: ukwanda kwesitshalo akuvumeli ukwahlulela ngakho ngokunembile. Kodwa ukuze ubonge ubuhle be-acai kuyo yonke inkazimulo yayo, kufanelekile ukuvakashela izingadi ze-botanical. Iqoqwe ngamabhulashi, isicwebezelisi, izimbali ezimhlophe qhwa noma elimthungi zidala "imicu" emihle kakhulu yokulengiswa ye-inflorescence. Babukeka bengajwayelekile ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu, njengama-cobs, ukuthungwa nobude obude. Kepha umbukiso oyinhloko uqala lapho izithelo ziqala ukuvuthwa ngentambo efanayo esikhundleni sezimbali. Amajikijolo amnyama, anojusi, nxazonke wezithelo anezinhlangothi ezithambile kancane afana nezithelo zomvini. Ububanzi babo buba ngu-1 cm, ngaphakathi kukhona imbewu eyodwa. Azihlali ziqinile entanjeni futhi zifana nemigqa ebushelelezi yobuhlalu obukhulu. Izithelo zihlobisa lesi sandla njengokungathi ziyasiguqula. Izithelo ze-dwarf acai ngokwemvelo lapho zifinyelela ukuphakama okungu-1 m, futhi, mhlawumbe, ngaphansi kwezimo ezinhle, isivuno sazo singatholakala ekhaya, kepha kuze kube manje kukholelwa ukuthi akekho ophumelele.
I-Acai, noma i-Euterpe yemifino (i-Euterpe oleracea). © vendioUkukhula Acai Ekhaya
Lapho uthatha isinqumo sokuthenga i-eutherp, kubalulekile ukuzilungiselela ukuthi lesi sitshalo sizodinga ukunakekelwa okuphezulu okuyinkimbinkimbi. I-whimsical futhi ngandlela thize iyinqaba, lobu buhle obunobuhle besiko lamagumbi bunqunyelwe ekuphakameni okuphansi kakhulu, kepha lokhu akukubizi kakhulu futhi kube nesizotha. Ubunzima obukhulu ekukhuleni i-acai buhlotshaniswa, okokuqala, ngesidingo sokuqinisekisa umswakama ophezulu. Kepha imvelo yokuthanda isitshalo nayo ayenzi lula ukuthi itshalwe. Kunzima ikakhulukazi ukuhlinzeka ngemibandela edingekayo ebusika, lapho ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kungaba yingozi entendeni yesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-euterpe ayidingi nje ukuthambisa ejwayelekile, kodwa kunalokho ethize, kaninginingi nokunisela, yingakho ukunakekela isitshalo kuthathwa njengokunzima ngokwengeziwe. Ngakho-ke iklabishi lesundu lingabhekwa kufaneleke njengelinye elinzima kakhulu lokukhulisa abamele izihlahla zesundu zasendlini. Kunganconywa kuphela kubalimi abanolwazi.
Isibani se-Eutherpe
Njengezihlahla ezinkulu zesundu ezinkulu ezivela eSouth America, i-eutherp iyisitshalo esinezithombe eziningi. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, umuthi wesundu, ojwayele ukukhanya okonakele endaweni eyihlathi lase-Amazonia, awuthandi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, okuyingozi kakhulu kulo ezimweni zasekamelweni. Bashiya ukusha emaqabungeni, okungasakwazi ukuqedwa. Lapho ukhetha indawo ye-acai, kufanele ume ezindaweni ezigqamile kakhulu endlini ngokukhanyisa okungekho noma ukufaka izikrini ezikhethekile. I-euterpe encane ingcono ukubeka umthunzi okhethiweyo. Ngenxa yokuthi izitshalo zifinyelela osayizi abakhulu ngokwanele, ukubekwa eduze kwewindi, hhayi kufasitela uqobo, kufanelekile kubo. I-Acai ibekwa kahle kakhulu emafasiteleni asuselwa eningizimu. Uma sikhuluma ngezitshalo ezincane noma ezihlangene, zingabekwa kuma windowsill asempumalanga nasentshonalanga.
Ukushisa okunethezekayo
Isundu leklabishi singabekwa phakathi kwezitshalo zasendlini ezithanda ukushisa kakhulu. I-Acai ayesabi ngisho nezimo ezishisayo, ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamazinga okushisa komoya aphakemeyo lapho umuthi wesundu uzizwa ukhululekile kakhulu. Izinga lokushisa eliphansi elivumelekile lesi simila ebusika lingama-degrees Celsius angama-18 kuphela. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa komoya aze afike ku-16 degrees ngalesi sihlahla sesundu kungadala izinkinga ezinkulu ngentuthuko kanye nempilo yesitshalo, futhi amazinga okushisa angaba ngu-10 degrees azolimaza i-acai. Kodwa kungenasisekelo ngisho nangokwengeziwe se-euterpa ekuqineni kwezimo. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya likhuphuka ngaphezu kwama-degrees angama-23, khona-ke izimo ezishisayo kufanele zizinze impela, zibekelwe isikhathi eside. Ngokufanayo, ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa libe ngama-degrees ayi-18 akufanele kuhlale izinsuku eziningana, kodwa ngaphezulu kwesikhathi eside. I-Palm ithanda inguquko ebushelelezi ebangeni lokushisa.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Lesi ngesinye sezitshalo ezingadingeki zasendlini, ukunisela okungafanele kuhambisane nesigaba sokuthuthuka, kepha ngqo kuzinga lokushisa lomoya egumbini. Ngokuqukethwe kwe-eutherp emazingeni okushisa ukusuka ku-18 kuya ku-21 degrees, izinqubo kufanele zivinjelwe impela, zingavamile, noma zingashintshwa ngokufafazwa ngokufafaza. Kepha uma igcinwa emazingeni aphakeme okushisa komoya, ikakhulukazi ekushiseni, lo muthi wesundu uncamela kakhulu, cishe ukunisela nsuku zonke. Kulokhu, inhloso eyinhloko kufanele kube ukungabi bikho kokuthamba, kepha umswakama ongaphansi wesilinganiso esiphakeme ungaphansi kunezitshalo zasendlini zakudala. Phakathi kokunisela, kuphela ingaphezulu lomhlabathi ezimbizeni okufanele lome. Ukomisa inhlabathi yalesi sihlahla sesundu kungabulala. Ngeke kuholele ekuthandeni kuphela, kepha futhi nasekubuyeni kancane kwesitshalo.
I-Eutherpa ayithandi kuphela umswakama ophezulu, kepha futhi iyakudinga ukukhula okujwayelekile nentuthuko. Lesi ngesinye salezo zihlahla zesundu ezingeke zikhule emakamelweni amile. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye i-acai ingatshalwa hhayi ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, ukhulisa umswakama womoya, ungasebenzisa ukufafaza okulula, nezinye izindlela. Lesi sihlahla sesundu sidinga izindlela ezikhethekile zokwandisa umswakama ehlobo naphakathi nesikhathi sokushisa. Kepha unyaka wonke, izinkomba ezisezingeni eliphansi ze-eutherp zivame ukukalwa ngama-70-75%. Ngesikhathi senqubo yokufafaza, eyenziwa kangcono kaningana ngosuku ekushiseni, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufafaza izinhlangothi zangaphandle nangaphakathi kwamaqabunga. Ukufafaza kufanele kuxhaswe ngokuhlikihla njalo amaqabunga ngesipanji esimanzi ukuze kususwe uthuli. I-acai encane ingangena icwiliswe, ithambise ngobumnene emanzini afudumele ngawo wonke umqhele, noma ukugeza. Kepha kubantu abadala, izinqubo kuzodingeka zikhawulelwe ekuhlikihleni amaqabunga kuphela. I-Euterpa iyakuthanda ukufakwa kwezihlisi ze-artisanal - amathreyi okhethekile amanzi noma izinto ezimanzi lapho izimbiza zitshalwa khona. Kulokhu, kusobala, isitsha esine-eutherpa akufanele sithinte ubuso bamanzi. Ungazisusa ngokuphelele engcupheni yokuthi womiswe emaphethelweni amaqabunga nokusakazeka kwezinambuzane ngokufaka ama-humidifiers wezezimboni.
Kwi-acai, ikhwalithi lamanzi asetshenzisiwe libaluleke kakhulu. Akufanele kube kuphela ukuthambisa, hlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, kodwa futhi ekushiseni okulinganayo komoya okusegumbini noma okushisa kancane.
I-Acai, noma i-Euterpe yemifino (i-Euterpe oleracea). © Ihlathi & Kim StarrUmsoco we-Acai
Naphezu kobukhulu bayo obukhulu nokukhula okukhulu kwe-eutterpe, akuyona eyezitshalo ezidinga ukugqokwa njalo okuphezulu. Amaqabunga awo amancanyana amaqabunga, anobude obukhulu, awuphunguli inhlabathi kangangoba aze avundise isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 ngenyanga. Esikhathini esibandayo, ukugqoka okuphezulu akuyeki, kepha umthamo wamanyolo uncishiswa izikhathi ezingama-2-3.
Umanyolo kufanele unikezwe ukunakwa okwandayo. I-Eutherpa ingesinye salezo izilimo ezingaphakathi ezingondliwayo kuphela ngomanyolo wetshezi. Ukwakheka okuhle kwalesi sundu kunamanyolo eziyinkimbinkimbi zomhlaba wonke wezitshalo zasendlini. Umanyolo okhethekile wezihlahla zesundu nawo ungasetshenziswa, kepha i-Acai ilungile kakhulu kunokuxutshwa kwendawo yonke. U-Eutherpa uzizwa emuhle kakhulu kumanyolo we-organic.
Transplant kanye substrate
Kwi-euterpa, kuyadingeka ukukhetha i-substrate ejwayelekile yezitshalo zasendlini noma izihlahla zesundu. Into esemqoka ukuthi inempilo eyanele, i-fibrous, i-air- namanzi futhi eyanele. Lapho uzibumba ngokwakho inhlanganisela yenhlabathi, ukukhetha okuvame kakhulu inhlabathi, okubandakanya izingxenye ezimbili zenhlabathi enobumba nephepha le-humus nehafu yesihlabathi esiningi, i-peat kanye nomquba. Lapho ufinyelela uhla olubanzi lwezinto zokwakha, lo mgatshana ongaphansi ulungiswa kusuka enhlabathini ye-peat, humus kanye enamaqabunga ngezinaliti, isizinda sekhokhonathi kanye nezindawo zekhofi. Isengezo sokuphoqelelwa sendawo esemhlabeni yalesi sitshalo sichotshoziwe namalahle. Iphelele i-acai kanye nanoma isiphi isigceme esenziwe ngomumo semithi yesundu noma yenhlabathi yendawo yonke. Ukusabela kwenhlabathi kungasukela ku-4,5 kuye ku-6.5 pH.
I-Euterpe - izihlahla zesundu nazo zihlukile ngoba empeleni azidingi ukufakelwa. Lapho izitshalo sezifinyelele usayizi ofanele kanye nenani elikhulu lembiza, esikhundleni sokuwuthuthela zona, susa kuphela ungqimba lomhlaba olungaphezulu ongcolile bese ulufaka endaweni ethile entsha yezakhi. Izitshalo ezincane zitshalwa njengoba izimpande zomhlaba zikhula, ngokuvama kwesikhathi esingu-1 eminyakeni eyi-1-2. Isikhathi esihle sokufuduka kwe-eutherp akusona ngo-Ephreli, kodwa ngo-Ephreli. Ngasikhathi sinye, i-acai ayidlulisi, kepha idlulisa, ilondoloze ngokuphelele inhlama yobumba ngaphandle kwengqimba ephezulu yenhlabathi. Ngaphansi kwesiqukathi salesi sihlahla sesundu, kufanele kubekwe ungqimba oluphezulu lwamakhompiyutha ahlanganisiwe.
I-Acai, noma i-Euterpe yemifino (i-Euterpe oleracea). © Kyle WicombIzifo ze-Acai kanye nezinambuzane
Enye yezimpawu ezinhle ze-eutterpa enkambweni yesiko ukukhubazeka kwezifo. Ngokuqukethwe okulungile nokungabikho kokugcotshwa kwamanzi, akesabi noma yiziphi izifo zokukhunta noma amagciwane athile.
Kepha izinambuzane zitholakala kulesi sihlahla sesundu kaningi. AmaScaleflies athanda ukuzinza ngamaqabunga alukhuni, futhi ukususa izinambuzane kuyinkinga ngandlela thile ngenxa yobukhulu obukhulu nobucwebe obanele bamahlamvu. I-spider mite ihlala ku-euterpe kuphela uma kunokuphulwa kokunakekelwa kanye nokungabikho kwezinga elijwayelekile lomswakama. Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kulesi sihlahla sesundu kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi kube izindlela ezihlanganisiwe, kusetshenziswa indlela ehlanganisiwe. Ukuwasha amahlamvu ngensipho nangamanzi bese uwelapha ngama-insecticides kufanele kuhambisane nokulungiswa kokunakekelwa noma izimo.
Ukuzala kabusha kwe-Euterpe
Njengezihlahla zesundu eziningi zasendlini, ama-eutherpes akhiqiza imbewu kuphela. Izindlela zokutshala lesi sitshalo azilungile futhi azisetshenziswa.
Imbewu yasengadini ye-Acai ayivamile ukuthengiswa kunezinye izihlahla zesundu ezijwayelekile, kepha namuhla ukuthandwa kwamajikijolo ezitshalo kusishintsha ngokushesha lesi simo. Noma ukwazi ukuthola imbewu engu-1-2 kuphela, ungathemba ukuthi uzophumelela ukuhluma kwazo. Kepha ukuze uthole i-eutherp yakho kusuka kwimbewu, udinga ukubeka phezulu, okokuqala, ngokubekezela. Lesi sundu sibonakaliswa isikhathi sokuhluma kwezinhlobo zezithelo ezingalingani kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside, ezingathatha izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisishiyagalolunye, kuye ngezimo nangesikhathi sokuqoqa, izinga lokushisa lomoya nezinye izinto. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, izinhlobonhlobo ezimfushane ze-eutherpheus ezethulwe ku-assortment yegumbi zisheshe zifinyelele ukuphakama kwamamitha futhi empeleni eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu isiphenduke ubuhle obukhulu.
Inqubo yokuhluma kwembewu kayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Ekuqaleni, kumele afakwe emanzini afudumele izinsuku ezi-1 kuye kwezi-2.Besebenzisa isendlalelo esivulekile nesinempilo, imbewu ye-eutherpse ingcwatshwa 1 cm emhlabathini, bese kuba nesiqukathi esinezitshalo sivele egumbini elikhanya kakhulu nelifudumele kakhulu elinokushisa eliseduze no-30 degrees Celsius. Ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kuvunyelwe ebusuku kuphela. Ngokulondolozwa njalo komswakama womhlabathi okhanyayo kanye ne-airing (nokulinda isikhathi eside), lesi sitshalo sinikeza amahlumela aqinile kakhulu, aqala ngokutshalwa ezitsheni ezincane zabantu, bese kuthi lapho bekhula, adluliselwe emabhodweni amakhulu.
