Septhemba I-Autumn ifikile. Kuvuniwe. Ungabhekana nalesi sakhiwo se-berry, okufanele sibe nama-currants amnyama, abomvu, egolide, amhlophe ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukahlukene nezinsuku zokuvuthwa. I-Currant ingumthombo oqhubekayo wamavithamini, amaminerali nezinye izinto ezibalulekile. Isikhathi esijwayelekile sokwenza kahle ama-currant yiminyaka eyi-12-15 ngokunakekelwa okufanele kanye nokuthenwa okufika ngesikhathi kanye nokuvuselelwa kabusha. Kodwa kuyeza isikhathi lapho ufuna ukusabalalisa berry. Vele, ungathenga izithombo ezenziwe ngomumo emakethe futhi uzitshale endaweni ezabelwe ikhishi lasehlobo. Kodwa-ke, indlela ethembekile kunazo zonke yokuthola izinto zokutshala ezifiselekayo zezinhlobo zakho ozithandayo ukuzikhulisa.
Ukusakazeka kwama-currants ngokusika.
Izindlela zokukhulisa amandla
Ukuzala kabusha kwenziwa ngembewu nangendlela enamanzi. Ukuphinda kukhiqizwe imbewu ye-currant kusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezikhethekile zokuzalela ukutshala izinhlobo ezintsha. Ezimweni zasehlobo, okuyiyona efanelekayo ukusakazeka kokumanyelwa, okungenziwa ngokugawulwa, ukusikwa kwe-currant, ukuhlukanisa isihlahla.
Indlela elula futhi esheshayo ukusikwa. Ikuvumela ukuthi uthole inani elikhulu lezinto zokutshala ngaphandle kwesihlahla entwasahlobo lapho uthamba izihlahla noma ekwindla. Izilimo zivunwa ehlobo noma luhlaza okotshani, okuyi-apical and ekwindla. Elikahle ukusakazwa kwama-currants ekwindla okusikiwe.
Isikhathi sokuvuna se-autumn currant cuttings
Ama-cutter we-Autumn alahlekelwa umswakama omncane. Amahlumela "alala" nokusika entwasahlobo, ngenxa yomswakama olondoloziwe, avele ngokushesha ngokushesha, akha uhlelo oluhle lwezimpande.
Isikhunta noma ukusika okunezihlahla ezinhlobonhlobo zama-currants kuvunwa ngezikhathi ezihlukile.
- Ukusika kwe-currant emnyama ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba nayo yonke inkathi efudumele ka-Okthoba.
- Ama-currants abomvu anqunywa ekwindla kuphela, okuqinisekisa ukusinda okuhle. Ukusika kwenziwa kusukela eshumini sesithathu sika-Agasti kuya kuSeptemba 10-15.
- Kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukusabalalisa ama-currants egolide namhlophe ngezendlalelo zasentwasahlobo. Izithombo ezisikiwe ekwindla noma entwasahlobo elandelayo zihlukaniswa esihlahleni esikhulu futhi sitshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile.
Imithetho yokukhethwa nokuvunwa kwezithelo zokusika kwe-currant
Ukukhetha izingcweti zekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, kudingeka umsebenzi wokuqala.
Ehlobo, qaphela izihlahla eziqinile zezinhlobo ezikhethiwe:
- ayonakaliswa yizifo nezinambuzane,
- kwakha isivuno esikhulu.
Lapho uvuna ukusika, ahlala esebenza ngamathuluzi okubulala amagciwane ukuze angatheleleki ngokutheleleka ngaleli gciwane lesilonda esisha. Ukusikwa kufanele kube bushelelezi (hhayi ukuhlafunwa), ngakho-ke amathuluzi kufanele abukhali.
Ehlathini elishiwo ehlobo, kuyatholakala izifo zokuxilonga. Ukuze usikwe ukusikwa, kungcono ukusebenzisa izihlahla ezinesithelo ezineminyaka engu-3-4-5 noma ukuvuna izihlahla zamahlahla akhethekile wesibeletho. Izimpande ezinempilo noma amahlumela aphambili angamasentimitha angama-1,0-1,5 ezisekelweni zikhethelwa ukusikwa. Zinqunywa ngaphandle kwe-hemp eduze nomhlabathi. Ukusika kusikwa kusuka amahlumela esivuniwe, ububanzi bawo okufanele bube yi-0.5-0.7 cm. Ngakho-ke, kusetshenziselwa ingxenye ephakathi kuphela yecala kuphela.
Uma kungabikho-mpande ofanele we-currant, khona-ke amahlumela wonyaka we-oda yokuqala nelesibili ayavunwa. Zifanekiselwa amahlumela akamuva asezingeni lesisekelo se-basal. Kunganqunywa amahlumela amaningana esihlahleni, lapho kungalungiswa khona kuze kufike ema-20. Izimbambo ezisikiwe kubude obungamasentimitha ayi-15-18 kuya ku-20. Ukuqothuka okungenhla kwalezi zisiki kwenziwa kwenziwa ku-oblique (cishe ama-degree angama-60) ukusuka kwesobunxele kuye kwesokudla, u-0.5 cm ngaphezu kwezinso, umugqa oqondile ongaphansi ngu-0.6-1.0 cm ngaphansi kwezinso. Izimpande zikhula emkhakheni wezinso kanye ne-Internode eseduze.
- Ezifundeni eziseningizimu, ungalungisa ngokushesha futhi utshale izihlahla zokusika esikoleni esivulekile. Imvamisa, ukufika phansi kuqala ngo-Okthoba 10-15.
- Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo ukuya ngasenyakatho, ukusika ama-currant cut akusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukutshala esitsheni futhi kukhule egumbini ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwekwindla, ukusika okunezimpande kutshalwe emhlabathini ovulekile ekupheleni kuka-Agasti.
- Akunandaba nesifunda, ungagcina ukusikwa kwe-currant kusesimweni sokulala kuze kube yintwasahlobo futhi, ngokuqala kokushisa, batshale esikoleni esilungiselelwe evulekile somhlaba.
Ukuvunwa kwamagatsha wokusika kwe-currant.
Ukusika ukusikwa kwe-currant yokuzala.
Ukusika kwe-mizizi ye-currant ebhodweni.
Izindlela zokutshala ekwindla currant cuttings
1 indlela
Ngemuva kokusika, ukusikwa kwe-currant kubekwa ekugcineni okuphansi kube yisisombululo sezimpande, i-heteroauxin noma enye into ekhuthaza ukukhula ngo-3-5 cm.
Kulesixazululo, ama-cuttings angamelana nezinsuku ezingama-5-7 emazingeni okushisa afinyelela ku-+ 18 ... + 20ºС. Uma ukuvela kwamafu noma ukubonakala kokubumba ngaphezulu kwekhambi, kuthathelwa indawo okusha.
Ama-cutter we-currant alungiselelwe asitshalwa ngokushesha
- endaweni evulekile,
- ezitsheni ezilungiselelwe.
2 indlela
Lapho kuqala kwesimo sezulu esibandayo sokuqala, izingcezu ezisikiwe ze-currant zingagcinwa kuze kube sentwasahlobo bese kuthi lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele singene, ziyeke esikoleni. Izingxenyana ezincane zokusika okuboshwe zigcinwa zimile eqhweni. Uma iqhwa selincibilikise kakhulu, khona-ke izigaxa zihlanganiswa ngebhasikidi elinomswakama, bese zifakwa kwifilimu bese zigcinwa esiqandisini kuze kube yilapho isimo sezulu silungele ukutshala izihlahla ezisikiwe. Uma kukhona ukusikwa okumbalwa kwe-currant, kumane kugoqwe ngefilimu futhi kugcinwe esiqandisini, ngezikhathi ezithile kungenzeki ukuze kufakwe umswakama.
Ukutshala kwe-Autumn ukusikwa kwe-currant enhlabathini evulekile
Ngaphambi kokusika ukusika, kulungiswa isiza (isikole). Endaweni eyabelwe faka isikwele. m indawo eyi-10-12 kg ye-humus noma umquba wokumba ngokujula kwamasentimitha angama-25-30. Isiza sikhishwe, wonke izigaxa zichotshoziwe. Uma kunesidingo - unisela. Imbobo eyodwa noma emi-2 yambiwa ngentambo ngamasentimitha angama-40-50. Olunye udonga lomhubhe wokusika kufanele luthambekiswe ngamadigri angama-40-45 ukuze ukusikwa kwe-currant kuthambekele. Uma kunesidingo, uthele ungqimba lwesihlabathi lwamanzi, ungqimba lwe-humus, ungqimba lomhlaba ngaphansi komsele.
Ukusikwa kwe-currant kubekwa ohlangothini oluthambekele kumsele ukuze ama-2 efihlekile ahlale emhlabathini. Ezihlotsheni ezinama-internode amafushane, imvamisa emi-3 ishiywa. Ngokulandelana, ibanga phakathi kokusikeka liyahluka phakathi kuka-15 ukuya ku-20 cm. Amabanga angaba mkhulu ngokwedlulele uma ukusikwa esikoleni kufinyelela eminyakeni emi-2 yobudala. Uma ushintsho luhlelelwe indawo ehlala njalo entwasahlobo, khona-ke ibanga phakathi kokusikwa kulayini lincishiswa libe ngu-7 cm cm.
Ngemuva kokugcwalisa umsele, inhlabathi ezungeze izithombo ezisikiwe ze-currant ihlanganiswe ukuze kungabikho zikhala zomoya phakathi kokusika nenhlabathi, okuniselwe ngamanzi ahleliwe (afudumele). Ngemuva kokumunwa kwamanzi, inhlabathi ihlanganiswe kufinyelela ku-3-5 cm nge-mulch encane - i-humus, i-peat, utshani obunqunyiwe, ezinye izinto. Uma isimo sezulu sifudumele isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukukhulula nokunisela ukufika. Ukomisa inhlabathi akwamukeleki. Muva nje, i-mulching yenziwa ngento yokubambisa evunyelwe.
Ukusika kwe-midzi emhlabathini ovulekile.
Ama-cutter currant asentwasahlobo entwasahlobo emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi angaphezu kuka- + 10 ... + 12ºº asuka nezimpande futhi aqale ukuthuthukisa ingxenye esemoyeni. Ekupheleni kukaMeyi, zinezimpande nezimbali ezingama-1-2 eziqaleke zaqhakaza noma zingahlakazeki amaqabunga. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingcezu ezisikiwe ze-currant zingatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo. Kepha kungcono ukukhulisa izingcezwana ngaphambi kokuwa esikoleni, bese uzidlulisela “kwaphakade”. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, ukusikwa kwe-currant kuzothuthukisa uhlelo lwezimpande oluhle nezingxenye zasemoyeni. Unganciphisa nokukhula konyaka, ushiye ama-2 efihlekile ekusikeni okusetshenzisiwe okusikiwe, bese usebenzisa ingxenye eyenzelwe ukusakazeka.
Ukutshala ukusika kwe-currant esitsheni
Ama-currant we-currant avuniwe ngaphambi kwentwasahlobo angatshalwa ezitsheni ezihlukile futhi abekwe ku-tray kuma-sill e-windows. Ngale ndlela, ukusikwa kulungiselelwe ukutshala endaweni evulekile enkabeni yeRussia, lapho isikhathi sekwindla sifushane futhi sibanda. Abasiki be-currant abanaso isikhathi sokujwayela izimo ezintsha futhi ebusika abanye babo bayafa.
Ekutshaleni ama-currant cuttings, noma yiziphi iziqukathi zisetshenziswa: amabhodwe, amabhokisi, amabhodlela ayi-1.5 litre amanzi wamaminerali. Ingxube yenhlabathi ilungiselelwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezahlukene: i-peat, humus, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi, kuxuba izingxenye ezilinganayo zezithako. Ngaphansi kwethangi, izimbobo zenziwa ukukha amanzi ngokweqile kanye nokudonsa. Izimbambo ezisikiwe 1-3 zingcwatshwa engxenyeni yenhlabathi ziye ezinso ezimbili eziphambili. Inhlabathi ihlanganiswe ngokucophelela futhi iniselwe. Konke ukutshala ubusika kuyanakekelwa, ukuvimbela ukufaka amanzi noma ukumiswa kwenhlabathi.
Ngentwasahlobo, emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi ngenhla kwe- + 10 ... + 12º,, ukusikwa kwe-currant okusikiwe kudluliselwa esikoleni noma ngokushesha endaweni ehlala njalo. Esikoleni, entwasahlobo nasehlobo, ukusika kuzoshintsha kube izithombo ezakhiwe kahle futhi, lapho kutshalwe ekwindla, kuzobekezelela ubusika kalula. Imvamisa izinga lokusinda liyi-100%.
Izindlela ze-Agrotechnical zokutshala nokunakekela
Ukukhetha kwesihlalo
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwe-currant, izindawo zokulima okuqhubekayo zikhethwa ngokuhlukile. Ngakho-ke, i-blackcurrant ikhula ezindaweni ezivulekile nasethunzini elinengxenye, ezindaweni ezinomswakama ophansi, kepha ngaphandle kokugxagxwa kwamanzi kanye nokugcwala kwamanzi. Ama-currants abomvu namhlophe abekezelela isomiso ngokwengeziwe futhi kusebenza ngokwengeziwe ukutshala endaweni ephakeme nenokhanyayo.
Inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi esindayo nephakathi nendawo efanelekayo ilungele i-blackcurrant. Ama-currants abomvu namhlophe akha izitshalo ezinhle emhlabathini othambile, kepha akhetha isihlabathi esikhanyayo nesihle.
Ukusika kwe-mizizi ye-currant.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Indawo eyi-currant idalulwe ngokucophelela, kubalulekile ekunikezelweni kwezitshalo okwalandela. Qiniseka ukuthi uhlanze ngokuphelele ukhula lwakudala lwamazinyo oluvimbela ukutshala okusha ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo. Bamba isayithi lijule kufosholo le-bayonet. Ngaphambi kokumba, baletha ibhakede lomanyolo noma umquba nomanyolo we-phosphorus-potash, ngokulandelana, 40-50 no-20-30 g nge-1 sq. m isikwele. Imigodi yokutshala eyi-currant ilungiswa ngesikhathi sokutshala ekwindla amaviki ama-2-3 ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla, futhi entwasahlobo kungcono ukuzilungiselela ekwindla.
Ukulungiselela izithombo
Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukusika okugxilile / izithombo kuskenwa bese kususwa amagula, amagatsha aphukile nezimpande ezomile. Ingxenye ye-a air isikwa ibe ngu-15-20 cm futhi ifakwe amahora angama-3-6 kusisombululo sezimpande noma okunye ukulungiselela izimpande.
Uma ukutshala kwenziwa yi-2 - izithombo zasehlobo, bese ushiya amahlumela waminyaka yonke nge-2 kuya ku-4 efihlekile. Ukuphonswa kwengxenye yomoya kuyadingeka. Isisindo esincane esingaphezulu komhlaba sizovumela isihlahla ukuthi sisebenzise izakhamzimba eziningi ekwakheni uhlelo lwezimpande. Khumbula ukuthi uhlelo lwempande lwe-currant luqala ukukhula futhi lusebenze emazingeni okushisa enhlabathi + 16 ... + 18ºС, nangaphezulu-komhlabathi kakhulu ngaphambili, emazingeni okushisa komoya + 6 ... + 8 ° С. Isistimu yezimpande engakhiwe kahle ngeke ikwazi ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okujwayelekile kwesisindo sasemoyeni nokwakheka kwezitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Izindlela eziphambili zokutshala izithombo ze-currant
Ngemuva kokulungisa isiza sokufika, ngokuya ngezinhlobonhlobo, imigodi yokubamba indawo ilungiselelwe ngebanga phakathi kwemigqa engu-1.7-2.0 m nangasemgqeni wamamitha angu-1.0-1.25-1.5. Ubungako besisekelo somgodi wokutshala ngu-30- 40x30-40 cm ngokujula kwama-35-40 cm. Ubukhulu bokugcina besihlalo bulungiswa ngaphansi kohlelo lwempande yesithombo.
Ingxube yenhlabathi elungiselelwe yenziwa emgodini wokutshala, ohlanganisa ama-kg kg angama-6-8 we-humus (uma inhlabathi isinda) futhi, ngokulandelana, umanyolo we-40 no-20 g we phosphorus-potassium fertilizer. Kumhlabathi ongatheni, ungazikhawulela ngokwazisa kwe-nitroammophoski ku-50-70 g / kahle noma komunye umanyolo ophelele.
Izinhlobo eziningi ze-currant ziyazithela futhi azidingi umlingani, kodwa ukuze isivuno sihlale siphakeme njalo, kungcono ukutshala izinhlobo eziningana zempova.
I-1/3 yomgodi wokutshala imbozwe ngengxube yenhlabathi elungiselelwe ukuze udonga olulodwa luthambekele.
Isithombo sifakwa emgodini engela kwama-40-45 degrees eduze komugqa futhi kancane kancane simbozwe ngomhlabathi, sihlangana njalo nesandla sakho ukuze kungabikho zikhala zomoya phakathi kwempande nomhlabathi.
Umsuka wempande we-currant kufanele ube ngu-5-8 cm ngaphansi kwezinga lomhlabathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuthola amahlumela angeziwe.
I-Currant
Naka: isithombo kumele sibekwe ngokungacabangi. Le ndlela izoba nesandla ekwakhiweni kwezimpande ezengeziwe zohlelo lwezimpande, futhi amahlumela angeziwe azokwakheka ezimpandeni zentambo yezimpande egqitshwe enhlabathini nengxenye yesiqu. Khula isihlahla esikhululekile. Ngokufika ngqo. I-shtamb eyodwa encane izokhula. Lokhu ukutshala kusetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwezihlahla ezincane ze-currant.
- Ngemuva kokugcwaliswa kabusha, 2/3 yomgodi ithululelwa ngaphansi kokutshala kwebhakede le-0,5 lamanzi afudumele avikelwe. Umgodi ugcwaliswa kuze kube sekupheleni, ubumbene. Kwenziwa umgodi lapho kuthelelwa khona amanzi ukuze angachitheki, bese kufakwa amanye amabhakede amanzi ayi-0.5.
- Ngemuva kokumunwa kwamanzi, ukutshala kufakwe ngemboza mulch.
- Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-5, ukufika kuyaphinda kuniselwa.
Ukuze isithombo sibe buthakathaka yi-transplant ayihlupheki (ikakhulukazi impande) ebandayo ebusika, ukutshala ngaphambi kokupholisa okuqinile kushunqiwe, kusale ingxenye yesiqu esinama-buds angama-1-2 ngaphezulu futhi ifakwe ungqimba ka-cm cm.
Ukunakekelwa kokutshala kwe-currant
Ukunakekelwa okuyinhloko esikhathini sokutshala ngemuva kufaka ukunisela, ukufaka umanyolo, ukugawula nokuvikela izitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifo ngokuya ngohlelo olujwayelekile lwe-agrotechnical lokunakekela ukutshala amajikijolo.
