Phakathi kwezitshalo ze-bromeliad ezinokubheja emaqabungeni kubhekwa njengento edlula ukuqhakaza. Ukunethezeka, okuqoqwe ngama-rosette amangalisayo okuhlobisa, kukhumbuza izinqwaba zezimpaphe zezinyoni, amaqabunga esiteleka sasendle ngokuqina nezikhafu. Ngokuthuthuka ngokushesha, izisekelo zakha imicamelo engenakufinyeleleka emabhodweni. Lesi mhlawumbe yisitshalo esilula kunazo zonke sokukhula emndenini wakwaBromeliad, kodwa hhayi i-nondescript. I-Dikkiy idonsela ukunaka, ibukeke yokunethezeka futhi kungathi yakhelwe ukuhlobisa amakamelo ngomklamo wanamuhla.
I-Dikkia yi-Hardy kunazo zonke phakathi kwama-bromeliads.
Ubuhle be-prickly ubuhle - incazelo yezitshalo
Igama elinamandla le-botanical lanikezwa ukuhlonipha hhayi i-botanist kuphela, i-aristocrat yaseJalimane, kodwa futhi nomfanekiso omuhle kakhulu we-botanical weCount Prince Reiferscheld-Dick. Lokhu, hhayi okuthandwa kakhulu, i-bromeliad eminyakeni yamuva kudonsele ukunakwa okuningi, ngoba bambalwa abangakuqhathanisa nokukhuthazela okusendle.
Izilwane zasendle zitholakala emvelweni ikakhulukazi eNingizimu Melika. Kepha ngokungafani nawo wonke amanye ama-bromeliad aseLatin America, azange eza kithi evela emahlathini anomswakama ashisayo. Ama-Savage atholakala ezindaweni ezomile zaseBrazil kanye nomakhelwane bayo, bakhetha ukuhlala emadwaleni ashisayo nalapho kubusa khona isomiso.
UDikkia uvelele kuwo wonke umndeni wakwaBromeliad ngohlobo lokukhula kwawo. Akukhuli njengezindawo ezihlukile zokuphuma, kukhulula ingane eyodwa noma ezimbili ngemuva kokushona. Lesi sitshalo sanda njalo futhi sakha izinqubo eziningi kangangokuba empeleni siguqulwa sibe yi-thicket noma iqembu eliminyene labathile "amabhola" amahle ezisekelo, okwenza amaphethini nemiphumela emangalisa.
Izinyawo zomama azifeli ngemuva kokuqhakaza. I-Dikkia yisitshalo esihlobisa kahle futhi sihlala isikhathi eside. Izimbali zakhe zinesizotha esincane.
Eziyizilwane zasendle zibonakala ngamaqabunga amahle kakhulu, egoba ama-arcs, angunxantathu omfishane, anama-spikes amabi futhi abukhali emaphethelweni, anikeza lesi sitshalo ukubukeka okuhlobisa. Bahlala phansi kakhulu emasokeni futhi bangakhi umdwebo wesitayela ohlekisayo, kodwa "imithombo" enhle "kanye" namaqhubu ". Onqenqemeni olunezinhlanganisela ezihlanganisiwe neziphetho zama-arch eziqina. Isikali emaqabungeni singatholakala kuphela ohlangothini olungaphansi, bese simboza wonke umhlaba.
Ama-spikes emazinyweni makhulu, agobekile noma asontekile, abunjiwe ngumbambo, aze afike ku-4 mm ubude. Okwasendle, umbala ocebile we-gamut wemibala yamaqabunga unesici. Phakathi kwazo kukhona izinhlobonhlobo nezinhlobo ezinombala obuthuntu, omfushane ogcwele umbala oluhlaza okotshani noma okhanyayo okuphakathi okuluhlaza okotshani. Futhi kunezinhlobonhlobo zesiliva noma ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye namasiko abonakala ehlukahlukene ngenxa yokuhluka kwamapuleti amaqabunga nezikhala.
Izimbali zasendle zihlobisa kakhulu, yize lesi sitshalo singabalulekile ngenxa yaso. Kuma-peduncle amade, anamaqabunga ama-lanceolate, amabhulashi amancane noma izindlebe zezinsimbi kuphakama ngaphezu kwama-rosette. Umbala we-Orange uhluka ngokuphelele nazo zonke izithunzi zamaqabunga futhi unikeza isitshalo sangempela uqobo lwaso.
I-inflorescence yasendle ingaba mnene noma ixege, imaningi phansi njengokuzizwa. Amabhulashi abukeka njengamaqabunga kuma-peduncle; agobeka phezulu. Izimbali ezinobude obude bufika ku-2,5 cm zibonakala zithobekile, imvamisa ziyehlukahluka ngokuzimele noma kumafayilizi kuphela ezisekelweni zamaphayini nakuma-ovals aphakathi nendawo.
Izimbali zasendle.
Izinhlobo zasendle zasendlini
Endlini kukhula izinhlobo ezinhlanu zasendle kuphela.
Kususwa endle (I-Dyckia brevifolia) - - isitshalo esihle futhi esihle kakhulu esinamaqabunga anxantathu aqoqwe ngama-rosette aminyene afinyelela ku-12 cm ubude nangu-3 cm kuphela.Iphuzu lawo elikhonjisiwe, umngcele ohlanganisiwe, izikejana zokuhlobisa zihlobisa isitshalo. Izinyawo eziqonde ngqo ezintanjeni zinamaqabunga, zithweswe umqhele ngama-spikelets ama-inflorescence, angaba mnene noma axege ngokuphelele. Izimbali zidwetshwe ngethoni ephuzi elangeni.
I-Dikkia Foster (Dyckia fosteriana) - enye yezinhlobo ezibaluleke kakhulu, ebonakala ngathi isuka kude, futhi eduzane - iyamangaza ngomdlalo omangalisayo womphumela owenziwe ngenxa yomqele oqoshiwe wamaqabunga amancanyana. Ama-rosette aminyene kakhulu akhiwa ngamaqabunga aze afike ku-17 cm ubude. I-apex igoba ngomusa ukuze ijamo elincane elingunxantathu libukeke lihle kakhulu. Amaphethelo awagcini nje ngokugogeka, kepha anama-wavy, anezisikili ezimpunga ezimpunga ezinhle kakhulu. Umehluko wameva nombala omnyama wamahlamvu kudala umphumela wezimbambo noma imivimbo, yize lesi sitshalo singekho nhlobo. Izitho zokuhamba ezinwele ezincane ezinamaqabunga e-lanceolate zithwala ama-spikelets aminyene ezinwele we-inflorescence ngezimbali ze-orange, ezingafani ngokungafani, kodwa ezifuyweni ezihlanganisiwe.
I-Dikkia ngokwehlukana i-staminate (Dyckia choristaminea) - ukubukeka kwesiliva okuhle kakhulu ngombala okhethekile oluhlaza okotshani. Ukusakazeka, ama-rosette aqhakazile agqamile ngobuhle, amashiya acishe afike ku-12 cm ubude ngobubanzi obuyi-0.5 cm onqenqemeni oluhle ngokumangazayo. Amacembe aqinile agobeka ngama-arcs amahle. Umphumela wesiliva wesitshalo owakheka ngenxa yesikali sokukhanya kwe-iridescent. Lesi ngesinye sabameleli abahle kakhulu bokuhlobisa nabanqabile bama Bromeliads, lapho ukuqhakaza izimbali kubhekwa njengokungaxakanisi. Amabhulashi amancane aqhakaza izimbali ezintanjeni ezinamaqabunga amancanyana ajabulisa ngezimbali ezinotshani obomvana, ophuzi.
UDikkia Niederleina (UDyckia niederleinii) - ukubukeka okunobuhle kakhulu nokufana nokwasendle ngama-arches amade, anobuthi futhi anamaqabunga akha ama-silhouette angajwayelekile. Ama-Rosette aminyene futhi awugqinsi, kepha ngenxa yokubukeka kwamaqabunga abukeka ecishe athinteka. Okugqamile, okufika ku-60 cm ubude, amashidi afinyelela esicutshweni esincanyana futhi, ngaphezu kombala okhanya kahle, angazigqaja nangonqenqemeni olwedilizekile olunama-spikes amakhulu amakhulu agobile. Ama-Peduncle mncane kakhulu, aphethe umqhele ngamaphaneli ama-inflorescence ngezimbali eziphuzi kanye nopals abangaqhelekanga be-wavy.
I-Dikkia Velazcan (I-Dyckia velascana) - isitshalo esinamagobolondo aqinile, awugqinsi, kepha alunamikhawulo emincane. Amaqabunga mncane, anobubanzi besisekelo obungaba ngu-4 cm, onqenqemeni olude kakhulu, luze lube yingxenye yemitha ubude. Ama-spikes emaphethelweni mikhulu, afinyelela ku-0,4 cm ubude, anezingwe, anenyama. Umbala oluhlaza okhanyayo uhlukanisa nezeluleko ezilula zamaqabunga. Kudwetshwe, kube sengathi imigqa eshintshayo yamaqabunga kuma-rosette ifana nokusakazwa kwembali egqokekayo efinyelela ku-1 m ukuphakama, igqunywe umqhele wokukhanya kwama-inflorescence ngama-pubescence aminyene kanye nezimbali eziphakathi nendawo zephimbo eliphuzi.
Isendle esine-eleved (iDyckia brevifolia).
UDickia Foster (Dyckia fosteriana).
UDikkia Niederleina (Dyckia niederleinii).
Izimo ezikhula zasendle
Ngokwemvelo yazo, ama-savage asondele kakhulu ekuphelekeni nasekusheni kunaseBromeliads. Lezi zitshalo ezimangalisayo ziyabekezelela isomiso, zisetshenziselwa isimo sezulu esomile nesiwomile kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo, kepha sithinta kakhulu umswakama ophezulu futhi sidinga ukukhethwa kwezimo eziseningizimu ngempela - kushisa, kunelanga futhi kufinyelela ngqo emazingeni okushisa.
I-Dikkia - izitshalo hhayi kuphela zokukhula ezimbizeni ezihlukile njengomhlobiso ozimele ogcwele futhi obalulekile. Kunzima ukuthola i-bromeliad enhle kakhulu yokuhlobisa ama-florariums nama-terrariums, izingadi zamatshe ezingaphakathi endlini, ama-kindergartens emigodini noma ematsheni, ukulingisa kwama-slide amadwala. Zihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ne-anculents ne-cacti, zikuvumela ukuthi uguqule imigqa kanye nokwenziwa, uthuthukise izingoma ezivela ezinkanyezini ezijwayelekile zasogwadule zasendlini.
Ukukhanyisa nokubekwa
UDikkii ungowamasiko athanda kakhulu ukuthandwa endlini. Ngeke bakwazi ukugcina ukuhlobisa uma ukukhanya kwelanga kungaphansi kwamahora ama-4 ngosuku. Lapho ikhule ezingomeni zokuhlobisa, izilwane zasendle zikhanyisiwe, kodwa ukufakwa kumafasitela kuseyisixazululo esihle kunazo zonke. Isibani esikhanyayo siyadingeka kulesi sitshalo unyaka wonke, ngisho nasebusika.
AmaDikkiy athanda amawindi aseningizimu, akhula kahle empumalanga nasentshonalanga. Empeleni indawo enelanga kunazo zonke endliniakhethelwa leli siko.
Ukushisa nomoya omncane
Naphezu kokuthanda kwabo izindawo eziseningizimu, ama-saver awekho nhlobo kulezo zitshalo ezithanda ukushisa. Emvelweni, zingamelana nanoma yiziphi izimo ezibucayi, futhi kumagumbi zihlobisa ngokwengeziwe emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ebumnyameni obupholile bendabuko, iziphetho zamaqabunga azomile, isitshalo asihlushwa ukushoda kokukhanya.
Amazinga okushisa amakamelo ajwayelekile alungele izilwane zasendle, kepha uma kungenzeka ukugcina izitshalo emazingeni okushisa angaba ngu-18-20 degrees, azomangala ngokuceba kwemibala yawo eluhlaza. Ngesikhathi sokuwa, isilo sizokhetha ukupholisa, ukwehla okukhulu kokushisa komoya, kepha kuzosinda ebusika obufudumele. Izinga lokushisa elikhulu liba ngama-degree ayi-10.
AbakwaDikkiy bathande umoya omusha, ehlobo kungcono ukubakhiphela kuvulandi noma engadini, kodwa noma ngabe kukhule kuphela emagumbini asendle, ukudonsa umoya njalo noma iwindi elihlale likhona ngenkathi efudumele iyadingeka.
I-Dikkia iyi-bromeliad elula ukunakekelwa.
Ukunakekelwa Kwasekhaya Ekhaya
Kunzima ukuthola i-bromeliad kulula ukuyinakekela. Ngisho nabalimi abangenalwazi nalabo abahlala behamba, izilwane zasendle ngeke zibadale. Isitshalo siyabekezelela isomiso, sidinga ukuthambisa okungavamile, asidingi izindlela zokwandisa umswakama womoya.
Ukunisela nomswakama
Ukuchelela okuncane kuyisidingo esiyisisekelo sasendle, ngenxa yokuthola kwabo isimo sesiko elingathobeki kangako. Lesi sitshalo siniselwa ngamanzi amancane futhi kuphela ngemuva komahluko ongaphansi komhlaba. Rare, ukuthambisa okungavumeli i-substrate ukuthi ihlale imanzi njalo, ukubusa kokuqukethwe cishe komile kuyisiqinisekiso esiyinhloko sempilo yalesi bromeliad.
Ebusika, lapho ukukhula kuyeka, ihlane liniselwa kaningi, kungavumeli izimpande zome. Kulokhu, i-bromeliad ayithelwanga hhayi endaweni yokuphuma, kepha ngaphansi kwentamo yezimpande, izama ukungacwasi amaqabunga. Amanzi kufanele achophile futhi athambile. Isitshalo sithanda ukuchelela ngamanzi ancibilikisiwe, emvula noma angamanzi.
IDikkii ayidingi nje kuphela ukwandisa umswakama womoya, kodwa futhi ayithandi indawo enomswakama. Ukusondela kokufundwa komswakama kuya kwesilinganiso esiphakathi noma esisezingeni eliphansi, lapho inkomo ibukeka kahle ngokwengeziwe futhi ikhula kangcono. Ukufafaza nokufakwa ngotshani amaqabunga lapho unisela lesi sitshalo kungavunyelwe, njengoba kwenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lokupholisha. Uma izilwane zasendle zisesimweni esishisa kakhulu, ukwanda kwesikhashana komswakama kuzovikela amathiphu amaqabunga angabangi ukuphuma.
Ukufakwa nokufakwa komanyolo
Njengawo wonke ama-bromeliad, i -endle ayikuthandi ukondla okuphanayo. Lesi sitshalo asondliwa nje kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo, kodwa unyaka wonke, kepha ngokushintsha imvamisa yalezi zinqubo, sivundiswa njalo ngamanzi okunisela. Imvamisa ejwayelekile yokugqoka ephezulu iba kanye njalo emavikini ama-3 ehlobo kanye kanye njalo emavikini angama-4-6 ekwindla nasebusika ngeqoqo elinamanyolo lomanyolo.
Okwasendle, ungasebenzisa umanyolo okhethekile womanyolo we-cacti noma wendawo yonke. Uma kungenzeka (ikakhulukazi uma kukhule ngaphandle ehlobo), ukudla okumbiwa phansi okunamaminerali nokuphilayo kungasendle.
UDikkia Velascan (Dyckia velascana).
Ukugoqa nokubopha
Okomvelo, kubalulekile ukususa ngokucophelela i-peduncle ngemuva kokubuna kwezimbali. Amahlamvu owonakalisiwe nawo asikiwe, azama ukungathinti noma ukulimaza amashidi aseduze.
Transplant kanye substrate
Iziqukathi ezingejwayelekile zenzelwe endle. Isitshalo sihlala sikhipha izinsana nezinhlumela, zakha iziqu ezinde eziminyene zezihlahla, kepha uhlelo lwezimpande lwasendle lungaphezu kokuxakaniseka. Le bromeliad ikhule ezitsheni eziphansi, ezibanzi, mhlawumbe zikhetha amapuleti okuhlobisa. Ubungako beziqukathi bukhethwa ngokuya ngosayizi wezitshalo, ngaphandle kokunika izilwane zasendle inkululeko eningi kakhulu yokugcina amazinga amahle okukhula.
Ngokudabukisa, ukufakelwa okufunwayo kuyakhethelwa - lapho isitshalo singekho lapho singakhula khona. Izilwane zasendle ezincane kuphela ezitshalwa minyaka yonke.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi yalesi sitshalo kufanele kube lula futhi kube nesihlabathi. Kungcono ukusebenzisa isakhi sendawo esenziwe ngomumo esithengiwe ukuthola ama-unsulents noma i-cacti. Uma inhlabathi ixubene ngokuzimela, inhlabathi yesod, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi eshidi kuhlanganiswa ngesilinganiso 2: 2: 1.
Izitshalo zidluliselwa ezitsheni ezintsha ngobunono. Ama-spikes abukhali adinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Amaqembu zasendle ahlukaniswe kuphela uma ufuna ukusabalalisa izitshalo futhi uthole izihlahla ezintsha noma ngezibonakaliso zokuwohloka kwengxenye yamabibi. Phansi kwamabhodwe kubekwa amanzi akhuphuke kakhulu (afinyelela ku-½ wokuphakama kwawo).
Izifo, izilokazane nezinkinga ezikhulayo
Lesi ngesinye sezimo zasekhaya ezizinzile kakhulu zama-bromeliads. IDikkia ingahlushwa ukubola kuphela ngenxa yokugcwala kwamanzi noma ukuthambisa amaqabunga, kumswakama ophezulu.
Nganoma yiziphi izinkinga, ukufakelwa okuphuthumayo kwezasendle kwenziwa lapho kususwa izingxenye ezilimele, ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokwelashwa kokuvimbela ngama-insecticides kanye nama-fungicides. Izinambuzane zingena ngamaqoqo kuphela anganakwa kakhulu eduze kwezinye izitshalo ezinezifo.
UDikkiya usatshalaliswa kalula ngokuhlukaniswa kwezisekelo zamadodakazi.
Ukufuya zasendle
UDikky wenza ama-rosette endodakazi eningi kangangokuba umbuzo wendlela ephezulu yokuzala awuveli. Ama-rosette aseceleni avele ahlukaniswe yisitshalo, aqiniseke ukuthi anezimpande zawo futhi akhule ngokwanele ekulimeni okuzimele. Ungavele uhlukanise izihlahla ezinkulu ezindala zibe izingxenye ezingama-2-3.
Ngokwesilinganiso sezimboni (noma kulabo abathanda ukutshala izitshalo kusuka ezinhlanyelweni), indlela yembewu yokusabalalisa zasendle iyatholakala. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ezitsheni ezinosayizi abaphakathi endaweni ephansi ekhanyayo enengxenye yesihlabathi nengxenye yangaphansi kwendawo yonke. Phansi kwamapuleti kubeka amanzi.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kakhulu, izithombo ziqukethe umswakama oqhubekayo kumazinga okushisa womoya ahlala ku-18 kuya kuma-20 degrees. Izitshalo ziyantshontshelwa kuphela lapho kusungulwa amakhethini amancane e-mini.
