I-Echinocactus ikhula esifundeni eseningizimu ye-USA neMexico. Uhlobo lunezinhlobo ezimbalwa kakhulu, okuthandwa kakhulu kuzo yi-echinocactus gruzoni.
“I-Hedgehog cacti”, njengoba ibizwa nangokuthiwa, ingafinyelela kumamitha ama-3 ukuphakama kanye namamitha ayi-1.5 ku-girth, kanti amanye awo angaba nesisindo esingaphezu kwethani futhi angaba yingxenye yesigaba sabadala abade abaneminyaka engaphezu kuka-500!
Izithombe zama-Echinocactus kanye namagama
Echinocactus gruzoni ihlala eMexico, lapho ubukhulu bayo bungaphezulu kakhulu kwamabhola angama-spiky angamasentimitha angama-40-45 cm okwejwayelekile imvelo yasekhaya.Imihubhe iqondile noma igobile kancane, inamandla aphakeme impela, i-oblong.
Ngokuphathelene nempahla yokugcina, wonke umndeni wonke waqala ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-hedgehog cacti” kanti, hhayi leli, akulona kuphela igama lawo elizemthethweni. Iqiniso ngukuthi lolu hlobo ngemuva kweminyaka engu-13-14 lwentuthuko lushintsha ukwakheka kusuka kumisipha kuya kumgqomo womumo okwenziwe ngamamitha afinyelela ku-1,2-1,5 wamamitha ukuphakama kuya kumamitha ayi-0.9-1 ububanzi, ngaleyo ndlela kusuka ku-“hedgehog cactus” iphenduka "umgqomo wegolide".
Umbala we-spines ufaka ophuzi ophuzi futhi, kuyaqabukela, amathoni amhlophe, okufanele aqapheleke ngaphambi kokuthenga le cactus, ngoba i-echinocactus yesitolo inguGeorgia, egameni eliqukethe izengezo ezahlukahlukene, ezinjengokuthi "bomvu"Noma"uthingo” (i-echinocactus ebomvu futhi echinocactus uthingo ngokulandelana), eqinisweni, akuyona inhlobo ehlukile, njengoba ungacabanga ekuqaleni, kepha upendiwe ngombala ohlukile ngombala wokudla ojwayelekile, noma mhlawumbe, okubi kakhulu, udayi ophuma kwiphrinta.
Kungcono ukugwema “ama-hedgehogs anemibala” anjalo, ngoba, ngisho nangesikhathi sobudala, bayozihlanza ekungcoleni kwangaphandle (babuyisela ameva kupende lendalo eliphuzi), kepha, kuze kube lokhu kwenzeka, umnikazi angahlangabezana nezinkinga ezinkulu lapho ekhula, obekungafanele ukuthi kube njalo ngokwesisekelo.
I-Echinocactus ifuhliwe
Ukuthandwa okuncane, kuphakama kancane - 1.5-2 metres - futhi kubanzi - 1-1,5 metres, kunezimbambo ezimbalwa kakhulu - akukho ngaphezu kwe-20-25. Izimpunga ezi-grey ziqonde ngesimo. Ngokunambitheka kwawo, izinhlobo zacishe zawa ohlwini lwezingozi ezisengozini eMexico, lapho zaba yingxenye ebalulekile yamaswidi aphakamisayo.
I-Echinocactus parry - i-spherical efanayo ekuqaleni kokukhula, khona-ke izuza ukwakheka kwendawo yokubumba. Le ndoda ebukekayo evela enyakatho neMexico inobude obucishe bulingane - 30-35 cm kanye nezikhala ezinsundu ezinombala onsundu, ezimhlophe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lolu hlobo lunezidingo zokunakekela eziphezulu kakhulu ezihambisana nokuhluma kwembewu okungekuhle nokuba sengozini yezifo ezahlukahlukene zisencane.
I-Echinocactus enezingqimba ihluke ngandlela thize “kubafowabo” besimo saso, okungukuthi, ekubekweni okucwaciciwe okunamathiselwe ngemikhawulo eyindilinga enanini lezingcezu eziyi-11 ukuya ku-12. Ngisho nabamele abantu abadala balezi zinhlobo babonwa ngamasentimitha amancane angama-25-30 cm kanye nameva acwebezelwe kancanyana ngombala obomvu ogcwele.
Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zezimbali, i-echinocactus enezingqimba kulula ukuyifinyelela endaweni yasekhaya (izimbali zayo ezinhle zinobude obungafika ku-3 cm nombala obomvu we-lilac), zibheka imithetho eyisisekelo yokunakekelwa.
I-Echinocactus inalithi ebanzi Kuyaphawuleka inqwaba yezinhlaka ezifika ku-3 cm ubude, nsundu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubukhulu bokubona okuhlobene nobudala buyi-150x125 cm ukuphakama nobubanzi. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, kuphuma izimbali ezimise okomhloshana ophuzi.
U-Echinocactus unamakhanda amaningi inezinaliti ezinemibala eminingi - ophuzi, onsundu-obomvu noma opinki. Lapho igxotshwa efulethini, ingakhula ibe ngu-70 cm ukuphakama ngezimbambo eziyi-15-20 nenani elincane lameva.
I-Echinocactus polycephalus okufanayo ngosayizi nenombolo yezimbambo ngokubuka kwangaphambilini. Kanye nalokhu, ukwakheka kwawo okuyindilinga enezinhlaka eziningi zazo zonke izikhalo ze-echinocactus kuqhathaniswa ne-hedgehog yangempela. Ikhetha ukuba seqenjini elikhulu, elingafaka izitshalo ezingaba yikhulu!
Ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kwe-Echinocactus gruzoni
Imithetho yokunakekela i-echinocactus gruzoni ayihlukile kakhulu kunalena evamile esebenza kuma-cacti amaningi. Udinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo nge-predominance yelanga eliqondile, futhi ngenxa yalokho kunconywa ukukubeka ewindini laseningizimu.
Ehlobo, ngeke kulimaze ukuyikhiphela ngaphandle evulekile izikhathi eziningana - ngenkathi elangeni, izogcwala ngokugcwele nalo, okuzogwema ukulahleka, ukuncipha kanye nokuncipha kweminye imisipha, okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nokuntuleka kokukhanya.
Ngaphandle kokuthanda ukukhanya kwelanga, lesi sitshalo asikubekezeleli ukushisa okushisa kakhulu kahle-ke, emazingeni okushisa angaphezu kwama-30 ℃ siwela esimweni esifana ne-dormancy, ngokunqenqema noma ukuyeka okuphelele kokukhula, okungeke kumlimaze.
IMammillaria ibuye ibe yinhle kakhulu futhi ihlobisa imnandi, ekhula lapho ushiya ikhaya ngaphandle kokuhlupheka okuningi, kodwa nokho idinga ukuhambisana nemithetho eminingana. Ungathola zonke izincomo ezidingekayo kule ndatshana.
Ukunisela kwe-Echinocactus
Imvamisa awukwazi ukunisela amanzi, kudingeka ulinde kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi esembizeni isomile ngokuphelele. Ngokunisela, kungcono ukusebenzisa amanzi asezinze kahle emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni.
Azikho izidingo zomswakama womoya - efulethini ledolobha elijwayelekile, ngaphandle kokufafaza nezinye izindlela zokunisela ezingeziwe, uzizwa emuhle. Uma isiqu singcolile kakhulu, sihlanza ngaphansi kweseshini elifudumele bese sihlanzwa ngebrashi lamazinyo noma ibhulashi elincane lokupenda.
Inhlabathi ye-Echinocactus
I-substrate ye-echinocactus gruzoni idinga ukukhethwa okuvulekile, ukuphefumula, ukungathathi hlangothi acid. Inhlabathi efanelekayo yokugcina i-cacti, kepha nge-gravel enhle noma izitini ezichotshoziwe.
Ukuzilungiselela kwengxube yenhlabathi kufaka ukusetshenziswa njengezakhi zeshidi ne-turf land, isihlabathi esimahara nesigayegwe esihle (ama-chips wezitini) ngokulingana no-1: 2: 1: 0.5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungcono ukuyinikeza ngenani elincane lamalahle ochotshoziwe ukuze uvikele ukubola kwezimpande.
Umthamo wokutshala i-hedgehog cactus kufanele uhambisane nobubanzi bayo, hhayi uhlelo lwempande olusatshalaliswa kahle - isitsha esibanzi esingajulile kufanelekile.
Ukufakelwa kwe-Echinocactus
Ukufakelwa, uma kukhona, kwenziwa ezimweni ezingavamile, uma kunesidingo. Kunezizathu ezanele zokuqapha okunje: eyokuqala ukuzwela kohlelo lwempande emathonyeni emishini, owesibili mude futhi ubukhali, lapho amagilavu awugqinsi angavikeleli kuwo.
Abatshali bezimbali abanamakhono, noma kunjalo, beza necebo elithokozisayo elisiza kakhulu ukugwema ukulimala kusuka kukakhenikhi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa - babeka izingodo zentambo phakathi kwezinaliti, ezisebenza ngasikhathi sinye njengesixhumi nesibambo esiphephile, ukudonsa ongasusa kuso isitshalo esiqeshini bese usihambisa esitsheni esisha.
I-Echinocactus kufanele inondziswe kanye ngenyanga ngesikhatsi sekukhula ngemanyolo we-cacti kanye ne-anculents.
Izimbali ze-Echinocactus gruzoni
Hhayi kaningi eza ekuqhakazeni kwe-Echinocactus gruzoni, ngoba ama-specimens amadala kuphela aneminyaka engu-20 angaqhakaza ngesiqu sandiswe ngamasentimitha angama-40. Kepha lapho kwenzeka lokhu, ingaphezulu layo lihlotshiswe ngezimbali ezinhle eziphuzi ezihlelwe ngombala owodwa, obubanzi bawo bungama-5 cm, kanye nobude - kufika ku-7.
Njengayo yonke i-cacti, ukwakheka kwezimbali kuyabizwa futhi kuyakuzwakala kungukuphamba. I-corolla yakhiwe ngamacembe amaningi ama-lanceolate anezeluleko ezingapheli ezi-brown.
I-Echinocactus gruzoni ebusika
Kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari, i-cactus kufanele iphumule. Ngalesi sikhathi, kufanele idluliselwe kwigumbi elipholile (izinga lokushisa mayelana ne-12 ℃). Akunconyelwe ukudala izimo ezibandayo, ngoba kungenzeka ukuthi kumiswe isitshalo, ngenxa yalokho zingambozwa nge-brownish inclusions.
Akukulimazi nokusebenzisa ukuma kwesiqukathi esine-cactus ukuvikela izimpande zayo emakhazeni. Njengoba kuphawuliwe ngenhla, inhlabathi kumele yome ngaphambi kokunisela ngakunye, ngakho-ke ezimweni zobusika, lapho ubungozi bokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande bukhuphuka kakhulu, noma yimuphi umswakama ungaqedwa ngokuphelele.
Ukusakazeka kwembewu ye-Echinocactus
Ikhaya le-Echinocactus lingasatshalaliswa ngembewu nangezinye izindlela. Ukuhluma kwembewu cishe kungamaphesenti ayikhulu, ngakho-ke kunconyelwa ukuyisebenzisa ngalezi zinhloso. Inqubo iqukethe lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
- Imbewu ifakwe amahora amaningi emanzini afudumele.
- Batshala ngaphandle kokujula esihlabathini maphakathi noma ekugcineni kwentwasahlobo.
- Mboza ngefilimu bese ubekwa egumbini elikhanyisiwe.
- Ngezikhathi ezithile, izithombo ziyasakazwa, ukuthambisa akunakwenziwa, kepha kufafazwa ngesisombululo esikhanyayo se-potanganum permanganate ukuze kugwemeke ukwenzeka kokubumba okungasebenzi kahle.
- Ngemuva kokuhluma (ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-30), amahlumela agobhoza ezimbizeni ezihlukene. Ngonyaka wokuqala, lokhu kudinga ukwenziwa kaninginingi - ngisho nangemva kokuvela kwameva okuqala nokuthi izithombo zifinyelele kububanzi obuyi-4-5 cm, kuthi okokugcina lapho isigatshana esingaphansi siguqulwe sibe yingxube ye-cacti yabantu abadala echazwe ngenhla.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
I-Echinocactus iyingozi kakhulu izihlangu, imikhaza futhi izibungu.
Okwangaphambilini kuyabonakala lapho kuvela izingwembe ezincane kulo, lezi ezedlule ngomsebenzi wazo ziba negalelo ekwakhekeni kwezindawo ezashona ezinsundu, owesithathu ukhonjwa ngophawu olumhlophe.
Ngazo zonke lezi zimpawu, lesi sitshalo sigezwa ngokucophelela emanzini afudumele, sivimbele umswakama ukuthi ungangeni ngaphezu kwenhlabathi. Uma lokhu bekunganele ukuqeda ngokuphelele amagciwane, kusetshenziswa ama-insecticides.
