I-Olive isihlahla esihlala sihlala singamamitha ayisikhombisa ubude, ngaphandle kwalokho sibizwa ngokuthi i-olive. Lapho isiqu sesitshalo sifinyelela ukuphakama kwamamitha elilodwa nesigamu, sihlukaniswa sibe ngamagatsha acinene impela, agcina akha amahlumela amaningi. Amagxolo ezihlahla zomnqumo ezincane grey ngombala, nokuthi abadala abadala ngimpunga emnyama nge amabala. Ingxenye enamaqabunga ibanzi, iminyene.
Amaqabunga eminqumo acacile ngombala: ingxenye yawo engenhla ibonakala ngombala oluhlaza okotshani, kanti ingxenye engezansi ingwevu. Ipuleti lishidi, licinene, linesikhumba. Ijamo yi-oval or lanceolate. Imiphetho yeqabunga ngalinye iphakanyiswa kancane, ngaleyo ndlela inciphisa indawo engaphezulu eshiswa yimisebe yelanga, futhi yandise ukubekezelela lesi sitshalo emomeni isikhathi eside. Kanye ngonyaka noma amaqabunga ahlala esiluhlaza aguquka. Phansi kwepuleti lamaqabunga yizinso, ezikwazi ukuba sesimweni sokulala isikhathi eside. Kepha uma kwenzeka ukuthi izihlahla zamahlamvu noma ukulimala ngokweqile kwamaqabunga kwenzeka, kuvuka ngaso leso sikhathi bese kungena isigaba sokukhula okusebenzayo.
Isikhathi sokuqhakaza sesihlahla somnqumo siwela esikhathini kusukela phakathi nentwasahlobo (Ephreli) kuya ekuqaleni kwehlobo (June). Izimbali zimhlophe, zincanyana ngosayizi, ziqoqiwe kuma-genemose inflorescences, ama-bisexual. Kungenzeka futhi ukuba khona kwezimbali zesilisa ezinama-stamens. Okuhle kakhulu ukwandisa isivuno sezihlahla ubukhona beminqumo eseduze, engakhiqiza impova.
Izithelo ze-olive ziyindilinga, zisetshenziselwa ukujikijelana ngetshe elikhulu nenyama ephakathi enamafutha. Umbala onsomi omnyama, ucishe waba mnyama, futhi isisindo cishe singama-gramu ayi-14. Izithelo zifinyelela ukuvuthwa kusuka ngo-Okthoba kuya kuDisemba.
Sikhula kuphi isivuno somnqumo?
Umuthi womnqumo uvame endaweni lapho ubusika bufudumele khona impela futhi ihlobo loma futhi lishisa (isimo sezulu esingezansi mpumalanga yeMedithera). Lesi sitshalo siyakwazi ukubekezelela ifrimu yesikhathi esifushane ngaphakathi kwamadigri ayishumi. Alukho uhlobo olukhula ngasendle lwalesi sitshalo. Isiko likhula eNingizimu Melika, eMexico, eTranscaucasia, eCentral Asia, eCrimea, e-Australia.
Izimo ezinhle zokutshala iminqumo zithathwa njengomhlabathi oxegayo one-acidity ephansi futhi ukhanywa ngokwanele, kanye nokukhanya kwelanga okukhanyayo. Umuthi womnqumo awuzizwa unesidingo esikhulu sokunisela okuningi nomswakama ophezulu, kepha ukuwa kwamaqabunga kungaba yindlela evikelayo yesomiso esinzima. Uma, ngaphambi nje kokuqala kokuqhakaza kwezimbali (inyanga nesigamu), lesi sitshalo sizodinga umswakama kanye nezinto zokulandela umkhondo, khona-ke isivuno sizokwehla ngenxa yenani elincane le-buds elakhiwe. Kepha ukulungisa isimo ngesitshalo kuzosiza impova.
Izikali zomnqumo
Hlanganisa cishe izinhlobo ezingama-60 zomnqumo ku-botany. Kepha kuphela izithelo zomnqumo waseYurophu zinikeza cishe amakhilogremu angama-30 wesivuno ngesizini ngayinye futhi zinokubaluleka kwezomnotho.
Izithelo zomnqumo zaziswa kakhulu njengomkhiqizo wokudla. Zisetshenziselwa ukulungisa uwoyela, oqukethe inani elikhulu kakhulu lamavithamini namaminerali, abalulekile emzimbeni womuntu. Le oyili isetshenziswe kabanzi ekuphekeni, kwezokwelapha nakwezokugcoba izimonyo. Phakathi kwamazwe akhiqiza futhi athengise uwoyela wamafutha omnqumo, iGrisi, iFrance, iSpain, i-Italiya neTunisia azibonakalise emakethe.
Izithelo ezingavuthiwe zinombala oluhlaza, zisetshenziswa ekukhetheni okuhlukahlukene kokukheni. Ukuvuthwa kupende mnyama futhi kuhambelana nezitsha ezahlukahlukene.
Izinkuni eziphuziwe eziluhlaza zomnqumo ziqine ngokwanele futhi zisindayo. Kusetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwefenisha ngenxa yokuthi icashelwa kalula izinhlobo ezahlukene zokucutshungulwa.
Zonke izingxenye zomnqumo zisetshenziswa komunye umuthi njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokwenziwa zokwelapha kanye nama-tinctures. Izimbali namaqabunga alesi sitshalo ayaqoqwa, khona-ke kufanele omiswe elangeni noma egumbini elinomoya omncane. Izithelo zivunwa njengoba zivuthwa, kaningi ekwindla.
Umuthi womnqumo ungaba isitshalo esihle kakhulu sokuhlobisa, ukuhlobisa indlu noma ingadi ngokuba khona kwayo. Kusetshenziswa uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande ukuvikela umhlaba ekuguguleka komhlaba kanye nokuguguleka, ukutshala iminqumo ezindaweni ezidingekayo.
EGibhithe lasendulo, izihlahla zomnqumo zazitshalwe cishe eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha edlule, kwakuthathwa njengesitshalo esingcwele, esasithunyelwa konkulunkulu. Izimbotshana zemivini yomnqumo zahlobisa amakhanda wabanqobi bamaOlympic.
Futhi, igatsha lomnqumo libonisa uphawu lokuthula kanye nokuthula. AmaSulumane akhonza umnqumo njengomuthi wokuphila.
Isikhathi esiphakathi sokukhula komnqumo singaba yiminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Isikhathi eside kunazo zonke sokuphila kwalesi sihlahla sineminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili nesigamu. Namuhla eMontenegro, isihlahla sikhula iminyaka eyizinkulungwane ezimbili ubudala.
