Njengamanje, phakathi kwezinye izitshalo zesaladi yemifino, ubudlova baseMedithera buqala ukuthatha indawo eqinile - isaladi yemifino enamaqabunga ye-arugula (arugula, rucola). Isikhathi eside wayengajwayelekile ezitolo zaseRussia. Uma e-Italy ngekhulu lokuqala, i-arugula yathathwa njengemifino engabalulekanga etafuleni lokudlela, isetshenziswa njengesinongo, ngakho-ke eRussia kwakuwukhula okulimazayo futhi ngekhulu lama-20 kuya ku-21 kwaqala njengesitshalo sesaladi ukuthola indawo efanelekile kumamenyu wasekhishini ezifundeni zethu.
Ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-Arugula, noma i-Caterpillar, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-Indau, noma ukuhlwanyela i-Eruka (i-Eruca vesicaria, i-syn. Eruca sativa)Njengamanje, eRussia, i- "Italian" yayilinganiswa ngokwanele njengenkambiso yokudla. Akudingi ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, ikhula ngokukhululeka ezindaweni ezinesimo sezulu esibuhlungu.
I-Arugula ingatshalwa:
- emhlabathini ovulekile ngokuhlwanyela imbewu nangezithombo;
- endaweni ebamba ukushisa ngokuhlwanyela imbewu ngqo ngokusebenzisa izithombo;
- ekhaya emafasiteleni ekhishini.
Ngiyanimema, bafundi abathandekayo, ukuthi nijwayelane nezindlela ze-arugula ezikhulayo, izici zalo nezinhlobonhlobo zokukhula kumakotishi nasezingadini.
I-Arugula ohlelweni lwezitshalo
Endle, eRussia, i-arugula itholakala engxenyeni yaseYurophu, ezintabeni zaseDagestan naseCaucasus. Ezimweni zemvelo, ukhetha inhlabathi eyomile, elula, nethambile.
Emazweni ehlukene omhlaba ubizwa ngamagama ahlukene: isaladi les rocket, i-rauka, i-rocca, i-rocket, i-arugula, i-rugola, i-rughetta, i-partying, i-indau, i-eruca. E-Russian Federation, bavame ukubiza i-gander, ukuhlwanyelwa okungaphakathi, futhi kwezinye izindawo - lwesinaphi sasendle.
I-Arugula ohlelweni lwezitshalo iyingxenye yomndeni wakwaBrassicaceae. Igama lesayensi yamazwe aphesheya yi-Eruca sativa.
I-Arugula isitshalo esithakazelisa kakhulu. Ngaphansi kwegama lemakethe "Arugula" kunezinhlobo ezimbili zesaladi:
- i-arugula yengadi (i-Eruca sativa), igama le-botanical ukuhlwanyela ngaphakathinoma ukuhlwanyela isikhonyane, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kuka-Eruka (I-Eruca vesicaria).
- i-arugula yasendle, noma igama le-botanical mncane (I-diplotaxis tenuifolia).
Zombili lezi zinhlobo zinokunambitheka okukhangayo, okunikeza izitsha ngephunga elibuthakathaka le-hamard yesinaphi. Ukuhlolwa okusheshayo, kufana kakhulu, kepha kuseyizitshalo ezimbili ezihlukile.
Ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo
Izinhlobo zegadi arugula, noma indau - izitshalo zonyaka. Isici esahlukile ukwakheka kwamaqabunga aphansi ngensika ecijile, kwesinye isikhathi emaphethelweni abushelelezi. Izimbali emabhulashini amade angavamile wamathoni akhanyayo (amhlophe, ukhilimu, ophuzi, anemisipha ebubende). Amaqabunga abonakala ngokunambitheka okubukhali okubabayo ngenothi yesinaphi. Imbewu kumakhamba ihlelwe ngemigqa emi-2, efana nembewu yesinaphi.
I-arugula yasendle, noma i-biconductor thin-leaved, ibhekisela kuma-perennials. Izitshalo ezinde, ezingafika ku-70 cm zithambekele ekufakweni kwezindlu. Isici esihlukile ukwakheka kweqabunga lamaqabunga amaqabunga aphansi we-rosette: mncane, ubude, bukhishwe ngokuqinile. Ukunambitha, amaqabunga abukhali kunawokufiphala konyaka. Izimbali nazo zitholakala emabhulashini amade, athambile, kepha umbala wamapholi we-corolla uphuzi, uphenduka owolintshi. Imbewu emidodeni incane kakhulu (njengembewu ye-poppy), ehlelwe ngemigqa emi-2. Abathandi bezitsha zesipayisi bathanda i-arugula yasendle.
E-Russian Federation, ukutshala kwegadi, noma ukuhlwanyela i-Indow (ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-Erica) kuvame kakhulu. Abafuyi balima izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-30 ezilungele ukulinyelwa ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia.
Ingadi ye-Arugula, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kuka-Eruka (i-Eruca vesicaria) 
I-Arugula ingasendle, noma iqabunga leTricky (Diplotaxis tenuifolia).
Arugula Botanical Incazelo
I-Indau (arugula) isitshalo esiyi-40-60 cm ngesigaxa esiqondile, esinamagatsha anamanzi. Impande induku. Amahlamvu ezimpande akha irosette. Zincane kancane, zimbozwe izinwele. Banokunambitheka okubabayo-okunephunga elimnandi nokunsalela yesinaphi. Ukwakheka kwegqabi leqabunga kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo nasezinhlotsheni ze-arugula. Amaqabunga aphansi ayakhuphuka, aqoshwe ngeqabunga leqabunga elinamaqabunga, ahlukaniswe ngama-lobre amise okomhlana noma amathuna ama-petioles amade. Imiphetho yeqabunga leqabunga ingabiliswa, ngomphetho oyisicaba noma wavy.
I-Arugula blooms ngoMeyi - Julayi. I-inflorescence ibhulashi ende, elixegayo. Izimbali zincanyana, ngemithunzi ehlukene: zimhlophe, zimhlophe-zipinki, ziphuzi. Ama-Corolla amacembe anemithambo ebubende. Zi-ovoid ngesimo. Izithelo ziyimbumba emide emilenzeni emfishane. Ngaphakathi kwe-pod, imbewu ehlelwe ngemigqa emi-2 icindezelwa i-oval noma oyindilinga oyindilinga. Umbala onsundu okhanyayo, onsundu okhanyayo. Ukuikhumbuza imbewu yesinaphi.
Izindlela zokukhula kwe-arugula
I-Arugula ingatshalwa:
- emhlabathini ovulekile onembewu kanye nezithombo ezindaweni eziseningizimu nasezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esipholile;
- ezifundeni ezinenkathi efudumele ebandayo emfushane - ngezithombo ezisezindaweni ezivulekile noma ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa;
- ezindaweni ezibandayo - ezindaweni ezigcina ukushisa ezivuthayo ezitshalweni zombhede, kuzixazululo ze-hydroponic;
- unyaka nonyaka ku-pot yesiko ekhaya.
Ukukhula kwe-arugula enkundleni evulekile
Ukukhetha indawo
I-Arugula idinga ukukhanya okukhanyayo kodwa okungahambekiyo. Ekujikelezweni kwe-culturological, imibhede yayo ivikelekile elangeni yizitshalo ezinde (ummbila, ubhontshisi curling kwi-trellis) noma izindawo ezisetshenziselwa umfudlana omncane. Ezindaweni ezivulekile emazingeni okushisa aphezulu elanga, i-arugula iya ngokudubula okusheshayo, yenza amaqabunga amaqabunga aluhlaza umhlonyane.
Isidingo soMhlabathi
Okwe-arugula, umhlabathi omncane one-alkaline futhi ongathathi hlangothi, onamanzi- futhi ongakwazi ukuphefumula, ulungile. I-Arugula ifa enhlabathini ene-acidic, bese izihlahla ezisunguliwe zakha imifino engeyona ikhwalithi ephansi.
Uma isikhathi eside inhlabathi yayivundiswa kuphela ngama-tuks amaminerali, khona-ke ngaphansi kokumba ekwindla kubalulekile ukufaka i-lime ukuze ususe i-acidity eqoqiwe futhi unikeze izitshalo nge-calcium.
Uma kwakukhona umkhawulo wekwindla, khona-ke entwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, 35-40 g / sq. m. Kemira noma nitrophoski. Uma eminyakeni edlule inhlabathi yayivundiswa ngokwanele, kwakusetshenziswa umquba oluhlaza, khona-ke umanyolo akufanele usetshenziswe ngaphansi kwe-arugula lapho ulungisa inhlabathi.
Uma i-liming ingenziwa, futhi inhlabathi idinga umanyolo, khona-ke ungakha umgodi esigcawini. m indawo engama-30-40 g we-nitrophosphate noma i-urea.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, kungcono ukungamanzisi i-arugula, ngoba amaqabunga aqongelela ama-nitrites nama-nitrate athinta kabi impilo yabantu. Uma kunokubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni, ungafeza ukugqoka okungama-foliar ngama-microelements (ungawathenga esitolo sezimbali).
Indawo ekuguqukweni kwamasiko
Abandulelayo abahle kakhulu yithanga neminye imidumba, i-zucchini, u-squash, ithanga, amazambane, utamatisi, izaqathi. Ngemuva kwe-arugula, izitshalo ezibethelelayo akufanele zitshalwe futhi zihlwanyelwe iminyaka engama-3-5 ngenxa yezifo ezivamile nezinambuzane.
Isikhathi sokuhlwanyela
I-Arugula ingeyokulimala okubandayo, okuvuthiwe okuvuthiwe okuphathelene nemifino.
Imbewu iqala ukuhlwanyelwa lapho inhlabathi ivutha kungqimba olungamasentimitha ayi-7 ukuya ku-6 ... + 10ºС. Njengoba i-arugula iyisitshalo esinengqondo, kungenzeka ukuba sifeze izitshalo eziningana ngegebe lamaviki angu-1.5-2.0 ngoMashi - Ephreli nengxenye yokuqala yonke yehlobo, siphinda izitshalo ezimbalwa ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti - ekuqaleni kukaSepthemba. Ezindaweni ezifudumele, ukuvuna kwezitshalo zasekwindla kungavunwa kusuka ngoSepthemba kuya kuLwezi.
I-Arugula ingahlwanyelwa ngokuhlwanyelwa ebusika futhi ithole isivuno sokuqala esingeziwe. Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa ezifundeni ezinokushisa okuqinile okungama-zero ngaphandle kwamawashi amade wekwindla, okungaholela ekuvuvukeni nasekuhlumeni kwembewu (khona-ke isivuno esizayo sizofa). Ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa cishe ngo-Okthoba - Novemba, futhi eningizimu - ngoFebhuwari windows.
Ingadi ye-Aulaula, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kweCaterpillar, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kwe-Indau, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kuka-Eruka (Eruca vesicaria, syn. Eruca sativa)Ukuhlwelwa kwe-Agrotechnics
Imbewu ye-Arugula ihlwanyelwa ngendlela ejwayelekile enezikhala ezingama-30-45 cm.Imbewu zingcwatshwa ngo-2-5 cm, kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi. Isici sesiko isikhathi esandisiwe sokuhluma kwembewu. Ngakho-ke, lapho kufika izithombo, ukuthambisa okuningana kuyenziwa, kushiya okuqine kakhulu emugqeni ngamunye njalo ngo-8-10 cm. Ukutshala okunamathiselwe kwakha amaqabunga amancane, anemithambo enzima. Imbewu ye-Arugula iqala ukuhluma kumazinga okushisa komoya we- + 9 ... + 10 butС, kodwa ubuhle bokuthola izithombo ezisheshayo nobungane ngu- + 17 ... + 23ºС.
Ukunakekelwa Kwangaphandle Kwezidakamizwa
Vikela izitshalo ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni
I-Arugula isho izilimo ezinobuthi. Isitshalo samaqabunga esilungele ukusikwa sakhiwa kungakapheli izinyanga eziyi-1-1,5. Ngakho-ke, akukho ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ezinamakhemikhali okungenziwa.
Ukushintsha umbala wamaqabunga, ukubonakala kwamabala ahlukahlukene, izitshalo eziwohlokayo zibonisa isifo noma ukulimala kwezinambuzane. Indlela enkulu yokuvikela ukuvimbela:
- ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi esezingeni eliphakeme;
- ukugcinwa kwamasiko;
- Ukulawula ukhula;
- ukusetshenziswa kwembewu enempilo elungiselelwe ukuhlwanyelwa.
Ngokunqotshwa kwezifo zokukhunta kanye namagciwane, ukusetshenziswa kwe-biofungicides (phytosporin-M, igamair, alirin, njll) kuvunyelwe. Ukucubungula izitshalo kwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezincomo. Ngokuhlulwa okunamandla, izitshalo ezinesifo zingasuswa kahle engadini futhi zichithwe, futhi le ndawo ichithwa ngesisombululo se-potanganum permanganate.
Ubuningi obuluhlaza be-arugula buheha izibungu zeklabishi, amabhu eneklabishi namanye ama-lepidoptera, amabalengwe abethelekayo, ama-slugs. Lapho ukutshala izithombo emhlabathini noma lapho kuvela izithombo, abanye abalimi bayeluleka ngembozo ngezitshalo ezingembozo (kodwa hhayi ifilimu) ukuze zivikeleke ezintabeni ziklabishi. Ukufafaza kahle inhlabathi nezitshalo ngothuli lukagwayi, umlotha osuswe kahle. Ukucutshungulwa kwezixazululo zamakhambi, ikakhulukazi umhlonyane akunasidingo. Ukuhlala emaqabungeni, isixazululo sibanikeza i-t paint engathandeki.
Ngesikhathi sokukhula, i-arugula yama-slugs kanye namacimbi ngenani lawo elinganiselwe aqoqwa ngesandla. Ungasebenzisa ukwelashwa kwezitshalo nge-bioinsecticides (bitoxibacillin-BTU-r, aversectin-C, planriz, tabazole, njll.) Ngokuya ngezincomo.
Ukunisela
Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ekwakhiweni kwesitshalo sekhwalithi. Ukuntuleka kwamanzi kuqinisa amaqabunga, kubanikeze umunyu. Ukuchelela kwenziwa phakathi kwama-aisles, ingcindezi ephansi, ukuze inhlabathi enama-splashes amanzi ingangcolisi amaqabunga e-arugula. Kukhanywa njalo ezinsukwini ezi-2, mhlawumbe ekuseni kuze kube ngamahora we-9-10 noma ngemuva kwamahora ayi-16 osuku. Ngokunisela okumbalwa (izikhathi ezi-1-2 ngeviki, izindinganiso eziphakeme), amaqabunga kasaladi omunyu baba amaqhafuqhafu, athole i-aftertaste ebabayo enomunyu futhi ayifanele ukusetshenziswa ekuphekeni.
Ukunakekelwa okujwayelekile
Ungagcina amahlumela we-arugula ngesikhathi samafrimu okubuya kwentwasahlobo ngendawo yokukhosela. Ngemuva kwesithwathwa, ukufakwa kufanele kususwe. I-Arugula iqinile futhi ingamelana nokubanda kwesikhashana esifushane kuze kufike ku -7ºº.
Inhlabathi engaphansi kwe-arugula ihlala ihlwanyelwa ihlala ikhululekile futhi ingenakhula. Ngemuva kokunisela, inhlabathi ivundisiwe, okuvumela hhayi kuphela ukugcina umswakama, kepha futhi nokuvikela amaqabunga ekungcolisweni kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokuphuza okwalandelayo. I-mulch enama-humus amancane notshani obunjiwe. Ungqimba lwe-mulch lukhula kancane kancane - ukusuka ku-2 kuye ku-3 cm noma ngaphezulu. I-mulch ngaphansi kwezihlahla ibekwe ukuze amaqabunga angalali emhlabathini ongenalutho.
Ukuvuna nokugcina
Ukusikwa kokuqala kwamaqabunga e-arugula kwenziwa ngobude beqabunga obungu-8-12 cm. Abalandela ngemuva, njengoba kunesidingo. Ekuvuneni kokugcina kwesisindo esiluhlaza, isivuno sigcinwa esiqandisini, endaweni epholile ebandayo, kodwa hhayi ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezingama-7-8. Amacembe asikiwe ayahlanzwa, asuswe kumswakama owedlulele, aboshwe ngamaphepha noma ngefilimu abekwe eshalofini elingaphansi.
Ingadi ye-Aulaula, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kuka-Eruka (i-Eruca vesicaria).
Ukukhula kwe-arugula endaweni ebamba ukushisa
Ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa, i-arugula ingatshalwa unyaka nonyaka ngokuhlwanyela imbewu noma ngezithombo.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi
Uma inhlabathi ku-greenhouse ingathathelwanga indawo isikhathi eside, wonke umsebenzi odingekayo wenziwa ukukhipha isibulala-zinambuzane futhi wenze ikoloni ngezinto eziphilayo eziphilayo (i-Baikal EM-1, i-Ekomik ethela izinto, njll.), Ungahlwanyela i-siderat futhi, ngensimbi ye-biomass engu-10 cm, uyigobele emhlabathini ngokuyimba ibe ungqimba ka-cm cm. .
Uma inhlabathi ivuselelwa ngokuhlelekile, ukumba kwenziwa, uma kunesidingo, yenza i-kemir noma i-nitrophoska ngesilinganiso se-15-25 g / sq. m isikwele.
Ngemuva kokumba, ama-clods enhlabathi ayachotshozwa bese kwenziwa imibhede. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, bayahlwanyela.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu
Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, inhlabathi iyanyiswa. Ngemuva kwe-15-25 cm, imigqa yokujula kwe-1,0 cm inqunywa.
Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ekujuleni kuka-0.5-1.0 cm.Fafaza ngenhlabathi eyomile phezulu. Ukuhlwanyelwa embozwe ifilimu.
Ukunakekelwa
Ngokuqala kwamahlumela wokuqala we-arugula, ifilimu liyasuswa. Inhlabathi iqukethe okuxekethile, ngaphandle kokhula, ungavumeli ukwakheka kokuqothuka kwenhlabathi eyomile. Ukuchelela kwenziwa kaningi (ngemuva kwezinsuku ezi-2), kepha ngezingxenyana (ngaphandle kwezikhukhula). Ukukhanya kukhanya kuyakhanya kepha kukhanya. Ukusikwa kokuqala kwama-greens kwenziwa lapho amaqabunga ekhula aze afike ku-8-10 cm. Okulandelayo - uma kunesidingo.
Ukuze usebenzise i-arugula entsha isikhathi eside, imbewu yokuhlwanyela ingaphindwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15 kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ukukhula kwe-arugula ekhaya
Ekhaya, ungakhula lesi sitshalo esinempilo unyaka wonke, uhlinzeke umndeni ngamakhambi amasha, adingeka kakhulu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo.
Ukukhulisa isaladi enephunga kungcono kumawindows ekhishini. Kwesinye isikhathi amabhodwe e-arugula asebenza njengendawo yemvelo yokwakha izindlu. Isiko lifakwa kuma-sill e-windows nakwi-coasters nakwamanye amagumbi. Isaladi lezipayisi lithanda ukukhanya okukhanyayo. Ngokuntuleka kokukhanya, ukukhanya okwengeziwe ngamalambu we-fluorescent noma ama-phytolamp kuyadingeka. Ukushisa okuphezulu okukhona egumbini kuyinto + 18 ... + 20ºС. Emazingeni okushisa aphakeme, i-airing iyenziwa (ngaphandle kokubhaliwe), indawo ezungezile inomswakama kusuka kwi-atomizer ehlakazekile ehlakazekile.
Ukuhlwanyela nokunakekela
Ngokutshala i-arugula, inhlabathi ingathengwa esitolo (inhlabathi "yemifino") noma ilungiswe ngokuzimele kusetshenziswa umhlabathi we-turfy, humus nesihlabathi ngokwesilinganiso 2: 2: 1. Isigatshana sendawo esizilungiselele kumele singasatshalaliswa ngenye yezindlela ezamukelwa ngokuvamile.
Inhlabathi elungiselelwe noma ethengiwe igcwaliswa ngamakhabethe amancane noma iziqukathi. Thuthukisa inhlabathi bese wenza ukuhlwanyelwa okujwayelekile ngokufaka imigqa okungu-6 cm cm kuya ku-0,5-1.0 cm.Mboza okuhlwanyelayo ngefilimu. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-4-6, sekufika izithombo, i-arugula isusa ifilimu ibeke ibhokisi efasiteleni noma kwenye indawo ekhanyayo.
Umoya owomile uthotshiswa nge-atomizer enhle. Inhlabathi ihlala inomswakama.
Lapho wenza amaqabunga ayi-2 eqiniso, izithombo ezincane ze-arugula zitshalwa kabusha / zitshalwe izitshalo ezingama-1-2 esitsheni esihlukile noma emabhokisini ngokubekwa kwamahhala kwezithombo.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwezitshalo, ungavumeli ukwakheka kwama-inflorescence. Banqunywa ngokushesha. Ngokuqala kwezimbali, amaqabunga alesi siko aba ngumbala futhi athole umunyu ongathandeki. Ibhokisi lezithombo lingasetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimbewu okulandelayo. Ukuhlwanyela kabusha kwenziwa ngemuva kwamasonto amabili.
Ingadi ye-Arugula, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kuka-Eruka (i-Eruca vesicaria)Ukutshala izithombo ze-arugula
Ngenhla, sahlola ukutshalwa kwe-arugula kusuka ezinhlotsheni ngezimo ezihlukile: umhlabathi ovulekile, endaweni ebamba ukushisa kanye nasekhaya. Amahlathi e-Arugula ahlala endaweni enkulu futhi, ukuze andise isivuno, angatshalwa ngezithombo. Ukutshala ngokusebenzisa izithombo kunenzuzo ethe xaxa ngomnotho:
- isitshalo senza isivuno esikhulu kakhulu;
- indlela yesithombo isindisa isikhathi ekuvuneni lapho utshala endaweni ehlala njalo.
Kuyasiza kakhulu ukukhulisa i-arugula ngokusebenzisa izithombo ezifundeni ngokuqala kade kwesimo sezulu esifudumele (ungabeka izikhathi ezintathu ngesivuno esigcwele).
Ngokuya esifundeni, imbewu ye-arugula ihlwanyelwa izithombo ngasekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi bese ziyaqhubeka nokuhlwanyela ngekhefu lamasonto amabili kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli.
Ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi, ukuhlwanyelwa kwezimo kanye nezimo zesithombo kuyafana nalapho kukhula i-arugula ekhaya. Ukubulala amagciwane imbewu ye-Arugula kuyadingeka lapho usebenzisa umuntu oziqoqele noma othenge kubathengisi abazimele emakethe.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwamaqabunga ayi-2 eqiniso, izithombo ziyahudula:
- emabhokisini anephethini yokufika (20-25 cm - ukuhlukaniswa imigqa, i-10-15 cm - ngokulandelana);
- izinkomishi zokwahlulela ezihlukile, ezitshalwe nesitshalo endaweni ehlala njalo;
- ezimbizeni ezihlukile noma kwezinye iziqukathi zezitshalo ezingama-1-2.
Iminyaka yezithombo ze-arugula zokutshala endaweni ehlala njalo izinsuku ezingama-25-28. Inhlabathi kufanele ifudumele kuze kufike ekushiseni kwe + 6 ... + 10ºС. Izinga lokushisa lomoya lisuselwa ku- + 14-16ºС kuya ku- + 18-20ºС.
Cishe ezindaweni ezifudumele, izithombo ezikuzo izinkomishi ze-peat ngazinye (okuholela ekulimaleni okuncane lapho kutshalwa) kutshalwe emhlabathini ngasekupheleni kukaMashi - ishumi lokuqala lika-Ephreli (kuya ngokuqala kokufudumala kwentwasahlobo okuqhubekayo).
Ezindaweni ezibandayo, izithombo ze-arugula zibekwa eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala ka-Ephreli, futhi ukutshala emhlabathini kwenziwa kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi.
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-arugula endaweni ehlala njalo, ukuqina kwe-seedling kuyadingeka. Izithombo zivame ukuotshalwa ku greenhouse kusihlwa, endaweni evulekile ntambama, ezisiza izitshalo ukuzivumelanisa kangcono nezimo ezintsha zemvelo.
Izinhlobo ze-arugula zokutshala ihlobo
Ngokwesiko lengadi, izinhlobo ezi-2 ze-arugula sezitshaliwe:
- amasiko (ukuhlwanyela indow, ukuhlwanyela i-eruca);
- zasendle, ezaziwa njenge-rocket yasendle, ezimbili-zaved nyembamba-leaved.
I-Arugula isitshalo esenziwa minyaka yonke, kepha phakathi kwezinhlobo zasengadini kukhona nezilimo ezibandayo. Izimpande ezisele emhlabathini ngemuva kobusika bokugcina obusikwe ngaphansi kwezindawo zokukhosela zenza isivuno sokuqala sama-Vitamin greens ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Ngezimo zekotishi ehlobo, izinhlobo zokuqala kanye naphakathi ze-arugula zonyaka zilungele kakhulu, njengoba kuvezwe ngezansi.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula olivetta - Ukuqala, ukusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-20-25. Ukuphakama kungamasentimitha angama-20-25. Amaqabunga akhiwe ngombala we-lyre, ifomu elijwayelekile li-oval Ijusi, luhlaza okucebile, kunamakha. Nambitha i-mustard-nati enambitheka okumunyu. Iphunga kukhulunywa ngokudla okunempilo, okwaziswa kakhulu ngabapheki.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula spartak - Ukuqala, ukusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-24- 28. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kufike ku-70 cm, i-rosette yamaqabunga ingu-18-22 cm. I-rosette yamaqabunga ikhule ngengxenye. Amaqabunga abunjiwe ngemisebe, abushelelezi. Imifino eyisipayisi. Izimbali zikaKhilimu. Izinhlobonhlobo zokudla.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula victoria - Mid-isizini, kusuka ukuhluma kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-28-32. Amasheya aze afike ku-70 cm, amaqabunga aphakeme, aqukethe amavithamini. Isokhethi liphakanyisiwe. Amaqabunga abushelelezi, anombala o-lyre, aluhlaza okotshani. Izimbali zikaKhilimu. Izinhlobonhlobo zokudla.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula poker - Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, kusuka ekumeni kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-20-25. Izitshalo zamagatsha, zinde ngama-40-80 cm. Amaqabunga ahlakazekile, amakhulu, i-rosette efinyelela ku-20 cm amade, abe ne-flavour emnandi yesinaphi. Kwakha amaqabunga angafika kwayi-12 ku-greenhouse, aze afike ku-28 emhlabathini ovulekile.Izinhlobonhlobo zokulima kwehlobo lwehlobo.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula Lybed - I-Ultra-zakuqala, isuka ekuhlumeni iye ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-8 - 20. Amaqabunga okuqala ahamba ngaphandle kokuhlukaniswa kweqabunga leqabunga, aluhlaza ngokulinganayo. Izinhlobonhlobo zilwa nokudubula. Kuya ngesifunda, ingatshalwa emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ovaliwe.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula sicily - Mid-isizini, kusuka ukuhluma kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-27-30. Bopha kuze kufike ku-60 cm. Amaqabunga akhiwe ngemisebe, ahlakazeke ngokunambitheka ngokunambitheka okunomsoco nephunga. Izimbali zinombala ophuzi, kukhona imifantu ebubende. Ekushiseni nasekuphuleni ukunisela, izinhlobonhlobo zihamba ngokushesha.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi I-Arrowsula Cupid's Arrows - Okumaphakathi okumaphakathi, ukusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-35- 38. Bopha kuze kufike ku-20-30 cm ngamaqabunga amade aqoshwe abade. Izimbali eziphuzi. Isici esihlukile - ama-inflorescence afana nama-dandelions.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula Rococo - Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, kusuka ekumeni kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-20-25. Yakha irosette ephezulu (kufika ku-18 cm) yamaqabunga ububanzi. Iqabunga leqabunga ligaxwe emaphethelweni. Amaqabunga anokunambitheka okubukhali nephunga eliqinile. Izimbali zimhlophe.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula corsica - Medium, kusuka ekumeni kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-30 ukuya ku-32. I-rosette yamaqabunga akhuphuke kancane, ifinyelela ku-60 cm ukuphakama, iyimpawu.Ihlamvu leqabunga lincane, libushelelezi. Ukwakheka kweshidi kumile ngemisebe ngemiphetho ebanzi. Izimbali zimhlophe ngemibala epinki. Ekushiseni nasesomeni, izinhlobonhlobo zesikhala zishesha.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula coltivata - Ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi, kusuka ekumeni kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-20-25. I-Rosette yamaqabunga ahlakazekile anamandla afinyelela ku-10-15 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga anamakha kakhulu. Qukethe inani elikhulayo lamafutha abalulekile. Banokunambitheka kwesinaphi okubukhali kuqeda okunempilo. Izimbali zikaKhilimu. Isetshenziselwa ukutshala enhlabathini evulekile futhi evaliwe.
Okunhlobonhlobo ulethisi arugula Dikovina - Mid-isizini, kusuka ukuhluma kuya ekuvuneni imifino izinsuku ezingama-22-25. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kuze kufike ku-20 cm. Amaqabunga anombala obunjiwe, obushelelezi, aqoqwe ku-rosette ekhuphuke kancane (18-20 cm). Ukumelana nokudubula, okuvumela isikhathi eside ukulondolozela ikhwalithi yokudla okunama-greens.
Umbhalo ukhombisa okumangazayo kakhulu ngokunambitheka, izinhlobo ezahlukaniswa eRussia (ngaphandle kwezinhlobo zase-Ukraine uLybed nezinhlobonhlobo zaseDashi Izinhlobo ezisencane zokukhethwa kweRussia (ezifakwe irejista yombuso yezinhlobo ezingekho ngaphambi kuka-2005-2010) zizibonakalise ngokwazo lapho sezikhulile emhlabathini ovulekile futhi ovaliwe. Isokhethi eliphakanyisiwe likuvumela ukuba uqoqe isivuno esihlanzekile sotshani. Izinhlobonhlobo zinikeza ngaphezu kwe-1,0-1,5 kuya ku-2,5 kg yemifino ngesikwere samamitha. indawo.
Ukuqeda i-athikili ngezindlela zokukhula ngezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-arugula, umuntu ngeke anganaki ukubaluleka kwayo njengesitshalo sokudla nesokwelapha.
Ingadi ye-Aulaula, noma ukuhlwanyelwa kuka-Eruka (i-Eruca vesicaria).
Izici eziwusizo ze-arugula
Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwe-arugula kunquma izakhiwo zayo zokwelapha.
I-Arugula iqukethe:
- uhlu olukhulu lwamavithamini - A, C, B9 nabanye eqenjini K, E, T, PP;
- iqoqo lezakhi ezibalulekile ze-micro and macro - iodine, potassium, magnesium, calcium, iron, selenium, zinc, manganese, ithusi, sodium, njll;
- ama-flavonoid nezinto ezi-bioactive, zinomphumela omuhle ezidingweni zamanzi-usawoti wokudla, umsebenzi kanye nempilo yendlela yokugaya, ushukela wegazi, qinisa uhlelo lwezinzwa, abe namandla okushisa amafutha, i-cholesterol ephansi futhi andise i-hemoglobin; I-Arugula inconywa ngodokotela ezigulini ezinesifo se-vein kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme.
- AmaNtaliyane abiza i-arugula ngokuthi isaladi yegolide ngokuphulukisa kwayo ezifweni ezithile zezinso, ukuthambekela komdlavuza, i-anemia, ukuntuleka kwe-iodine, ukugcina amandla endoda (i-aphrodisiac yemvelo), nokwandisa ukungatheleleki kwezinye izifo ezithile.
Ukunaka! Ukuvuthwa kwesisindo esiluhlaza se-arugula ngamafutha abalulekile nama-flavonoids kungabangela ukusabela komzimba. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuqhubeka nokudla izidakamizwa eziqukethe i-arugula, thintana nodokotela.
