AbaseYurophu bajwayelana nama-lilacs ngekhulu le-16, kanti eRussia kwavela kuphela engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18. Kepha ama-lilacs “amosha umphefumulo wonke ngokuyisimangaliso” (N. Zabolotsky) womuntu waseRussia, ngokushesha baba umndeni ezingadini zethu nasemapaki. Futhi wonke umgadi wengadi waseRussia uzovumelana namazwi kaN. Rylenkov: "Kodwa noma ngabe ama-lilac aqhakaza thina, silindele ukuqhuma okusha njengesipho."
Kulesi sihloko sizokhuluma ngezinhlobo ezihlukile zama-lilacs, sinikeze incazelo yezinhlobo zama-lilacs - angavamile futhi ajwayelekile ezinkulisa zethu. Ungathola nezincomo ngokutshala nokukhulisa ama-lilacs, ukunisela ama-lilac engadini, ukuthola ukuthi ama-lilacs aqhakaza nini, futhi, futhi, ancoma izithombe ezinhle zama-lilacs.
Lilac engadini
ILilac ithengiswa izimpande futhi yaxhunyelelwa. Ingcambu ingatholakala ngotshalwa imifino futhi ikhule nge-vitro (indlela ye-microclonal). Kungcono ukuthenga izithombo ezikhula ngezimpande ezisatshalaliswa ngendlela yakudala (ngokubabayo). Ngokusakazeka kwe-microclonal, ngaphandle kokukhangisa ngalobu buchwepheshe, ukuguqulwa kwezakhi zofuzo, ukukhubazeka kwe-chromosomal, kanye nokuvela kwamaseli we-polyploid kungenzeka, okuholela ekukhiqizweni kwesitshalo ngaphandle kukamama. Abakhiqizi abenzi ukuhlaziywa kwezakhi zofuzo kokuhambisana kokuhlukahluka kwazo zonke izinto ezikhulile, kusukela lapho izindleko zezitshalo zizonyuka kakhulu. Lokhu kuholela eqinisweni lokuthi uthenga "ingulube epanini." Kuhle ukuqaphela iqiniso lokuthi kwezinye izinhlobo ukuphambuka okunjalo ngesikhathi se-microcloning kwenzeka kaningi. Ngakho-ke, uhlobo oludumile luka-A. Kolesnikov oluthi “Ubuhle baseMoscow” luvame ukuba ngumbala ojwayelekile omhlophe.
Tshala i-lilac nge. ezejwayelekile. IsiHungary ne-privet. Ama-lilac agonyiwe anamaphutha. Umuthi wokugomela ama-lilacs waseHungary uhlala isikhathi esifushane, ngoba izinhlobo eziningi ngemuva kweminyaka eminingana ziyaliwa yi-scion. Enye inkinga ukuthi kufanele ulwe njalo namahlumela, uma kungenjalo isiphunzi siyo "hlanganiswa "yizinhlobonhlobo ezihlanganisiwe futhi ama-lilacs" azozalwa kabusha ", njengoba abanye abalimi abanekhono" besho. Ekugcineni, isihlahla sinokudubula okukodwa okuyinhloko, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo asiphindi sisebenze futhi isikhathi sokuphila siba mfushane ngokubonakalayo. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezivandeni ezincane unesitshalo esinomthelela olungile.
Isihlahla esihlanganiswe nge-shtamb sihlobisa kakhulu. Manje ezinye izithombo zokubeletha zinikeza "i-bouquet" yesihlahla se-lilac, lapho izinhlobo eziningana zifakwe kuwo ngasikhathi sinye. Kepha kunangqondo ukugoma imabhulashini eyodwa noma amathathu afakwe imibala ngombala, uma kungenjalo "umuthi" uzobukeka "njengombukiso" wama-lilacs.
Ama-lilacs uqobo kanye nama-lilac afakelwe kuma-lilacs ajwayelekile kufanele atshalwe ngaphandle kokuqinisa intambo yezimpande. AmaLilacs afakelwe kuma-lilacs ajwayelekile anconywa ukuthi atshalwe esidulini esincane, ngoba kunenkolelo yokuthi isitoko sama-lilacs ajwayelekile sizokhiqiza ukukhula okuncane. AmaLilac afakelwe kuma-lilac ama-Hungary nakuma-privet atshalwa, njengama roses, ajulisa indawo yokugoma ngo-7-10 cm. Indawo yokugoma kufanele imbozwe ngesihlabathi ukuze kugwemeke ukufudumala. Ukutshala okunjalo kukhuthaza ukudluliswa kwama-lilacs ohlelweni lwawo lwezimpande.
Incazelo yeLilac
ILilacs (Syringa) yomndeni u-Olive (Oleaceae) - izihlahlana nezihlahla ezivame kakhulu, ziheha ukuqhakaza okuhle. Futhi iphunga elinekhanda lezinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo zama-lilacs linezela kuphela i-charm emithini.
Njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni, i-lilac inama-inflorescences aphathekayo futhi alula, anesikhumba, anamaqabunga agqamile. Kodwa-ke, ungathola izitshalo ezinamaqabunga angahlanzeki ngisho ne-cirrus. Ekwindla, awashintshi umbala, aluhlaza okotshani aze awe.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-lilac
Emasimini ethu, s. ejwayelekile (S.vulgaris) kanye nama-interspecific nzalo etholakala ngokubamba iqhaza kwayo, njenge-p. hyacinthaceae (S. x hyacinthiflora), k. IsiShayina (S. x chinensis) no-s. I-Persian (S. x Persica), i-hybrid c. Afghan futhi. ukusika okuhle (S. alghanica x S. laciniata). I-lilac yesiShayina kanye. I-Persian enkabeni yeRussia ivame ukubanda ebusika, kuthi ebusika ezinzima zibambe.
Kuze kube manje, inani elikhulu lezinhlobo zama-lilacs selakhiwe, kepha abafuyi bezinkampani baqhubeka nokusithokozisa ngemikhiqizo emisha. Umthelela omkhulu ekukhetheni kwezimbali ze-lilac zenziwa nguyise nendodana kaLemoine, ezinhlobonhlobo ezisabumba isisekelo se-assortment yalesi siko. Umuntu wethu othandana naye A. Kolesnikov, onhlobonhlobo yakhe athole ukuqashelwa kwamanye amazwe, wenze okuningi kulokhu.
Izinhlobonhlobo zihlukaniswa ngombala, zihlukanise zibe ngamaqembu ayi-7: Mina - mhlophe, II - UVilt, i-III - i-bluish, i-IV - i-lilac, i-V - i-pinkish, i-VI - magenta (obomvu-onsomi), i-VII - onsomi. Futhi, izinhlobonhlobo ziyahlukahluka kumumo we-terry neyembali, ubukhulu nobume be-panicle inflorescence, iphunga lembali futhi, ubukhulu, nobukhulu bamahlathi. Ngakho-ke, noma yimuphi umgadi wegadi uzokwazi ukuthola okuhlukahlukene okungeke kumshiye engenandaba.
Izithombe zezinhlobonhlobo ze-lilac ezejwayelekile nezincazelo
Lilac "Andenken i-Ludwig Spath" ("Andeken en Ludwig Shpet") kuvame ukutholakala ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Kwinkumbulo kaLudwig Shpet." Ama-inflorescence amnyama onsomi-onsomi, izimbali zinkulu, zilula, zinamakha. Amabhasi amade, aqondile. Enye yezinhlobo zemibala emnyama ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabalimi.
Lilac "Aucubaefolia" ("I-Aucubafolia") - Izinhlobonhlobo zahlukile ngamahlamvu angajwayelekile. Naka isithombe iyizinhlobonhlobo zama-lilacs ezejwayelekile - iqabunga ngalinye lidwetshwe ngamachashazi aphuzi egolide nemivimbo, efana namaqabunga ama-aucuba aseJapan. Iqhakaza ngama-inflorescence amakhulu amnandi avela kwizimbali ezinombala onsomi obuphindwe kabili. Amabhasi afike ku-3 m ukuphakama.
Izinhlobo zeLilac "uCharles Joly" ("UCharles Jolie") - Ama-inflorescences violet-onsomi nge-satellite e-cherry, aqukethe izimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili. Isihlahla mude.
Izinhlobo zeLilac "iCororcet" (I-Condorcet) - Ama-buds ansomi-apinki avuleka abe izimbali ezinkulu eziphindwe kabili zombala we-lilac. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu. Amabhasi angu-2,5 m ukuphakama.
Lilac "Madame Lemoine" ("Madame Lemoine") - uhlobo olungenakubalwa lwekhulu le-19 lomfuyi V. Lemoine, esanqoba ama-inflorescence amhlophe qhwa amhlophe aqhakaza izimbali ezinamakha aphindwe kabili. Amabhasi aqondile, amade.
Okuhlukahlukene "Michel Buchner" ("Michelle Buchner") - I-lilac-violet efihlekile ivuleka izimbali ezimnandi eziphakathi nendawo ezimibalabala i-lilac-lilac. Ama-inflorescence aminyene. Amabhasi aminyene, ukuphakama okuphakathi.
"Monique Lemoine" ("IMonique Lemoine"). Njenge wayini esesithombeni, lokhu kuyinto ehlukahlukene ye-lilac ejwayelekile enama-panicles amhlophe qhwa aqukethe izimbali ezinkulu, eziphindwe kabili futhi ezinamaphawu akhombe. Amabheshu aphakathi nendawo. Omunye wobuciko bokugcina beLemoines.
Lilac "UMongameli Grevy" ("UMongameli Grevy") - blooms kakhulu. Ema-inflorescence amakhulu, izimbali ezilula nezimbili eziphindwe kabili ngombala we-lilac-blue ngombala ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka ziqoqiwe. Amabhasi amade. Izinhlobonhlobo kwesinye isikhathi zithengiswa ngephutha ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Condorcet" ("Condorcet").
Lilac "Isinxephezelo" ("Isinxephezelo") - imibala ehlukile ehlukile ehlukile. Izimbali ezinkulu ezilula ezibomvu eziyisisekelo zinomngcele omhlophe ocacile emaphethelweni wezipals. Ukuwuthokozela lo mehluko, amahlahla kufanele atshalwe eduze kwezindlela noma asikwe ezindlini zokuphumula, kusuka kude le inflorescence iba yinto ejwayelekile. Amabhasi anamandla.
Izinhlobo zeLilac "iHydrangea" (Gortenziya ") - Ama-inflorescence amakhulu avela kwizimbali ezilula ze-lilac-pink zifana ne-panicle hydrangea inflorescences, lapho izinhlobonhlobo zabizwa ngayo. Amabhasi anamandla.
Lilac "India" ("Indiya") iheha onsomi obomvu ngombala obomvu we-tinge inflorescence yezimbali ezinkulu ezilula. Amabhasi okuphakama okuphakathi, aze afike ku-2,5 m.
Uhlu lwezinhlobonhlobo zama-lilacs anesithombe alikwazi ukungezelelwa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezinhle ze-Olimpiada Kolesnikova "
Izimbali zaso ezibububende ezibububende zisethwe yizimbali ezi-pink ezibucayi ze-lilac-pink. Ama-inflorescence angama-ostropyramidal. Amabhasi ezinhlobonhlobo ze-Kolesnikov Olympiad zingaphezu kwamamitha amathathu ukuphakama.
I-Lilac imbali "Ubuhle beMoscow"
"Ubuhle baseMoscow" ("I-Krasavitza Moskvy") - le nhlobonhlobo A. Kolesnikova ibheka ukuthi cishe inawo wonke umtshali. Ingadi ngayinye epinki onsomi iqhakaza ibe yimbali enamabala amahle amhlophe qhwa enjenge-rosette e-polyanthus.
"Ubuhle baseMoscow" sihlahla esiphakeme esiphakathi nokuhlobisa okwedlulele, okuzohlobisa noma yisiphi isiza somuntu, siyoba ukuziqhenya kokubumbeka komhlaba okwenziwe kwaba ngcono kakhulu.
I-lilac yaseHungary nesithombe sakhe
Izinhlobo zezimbali s. I-lilac yaseHungary (S. josikaea) - isihlahla esikhulu noma isihlahla esincanyana esifinyelela ku-5 m ukuphakama - iyaqhubeka nokujwayelekile. Futhi iyintandokazi yezingadi ezindala zaseRussia.
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, ama-lilac ama-lilac aqhakaza kakhulu ngama-inflorescence amakhulu ama-piramidi amancane aphuzi onsomi anephunga elithile lezimbali (lapho utshala, kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abanye abantu bayayizwa lephunga).
Ungayithenga kuphi iHungac Lilac
Ungathenga ama-lilacs aseHungary ezindaweni zokugcina izingane ezithengisa izithombo zezihlahla zensimu nezihlahlana. Umbala wezimbali zalolu hlobo lwe-lilac luyehluka kusuka kokumhlophe okupinki kuya kokugcwele okugcwele.
Lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo zegadi ze-lilac yaseHungary zibhebhetheke kakhulu: ziphuzi (f. Pallida) ngezimbali ezinombala onsundu kanye no-red (f rubra) obomvu obomvu. Lesi sitshalo sinokuzithoba okukhulu futhi kubusika-Hardy. Ikhula ngesivinini esikhulu.
Izithombe zezimbali zePreston lilac ezinencazelo
Ukulandela nge. izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zePreston lilac (S. x prestoniae), ezifuywa eCanada ngu-Isabella Preston ngokuwela nge-s. drooping futhi nge. i-fibrous (S. Refxa x S. villosa). Kamuva, abalimi abahlukahlukene basebenza nezitshalo zalolu hlobo, bakhulisa kakhulu ukungena kwabo. Isikhathi esiningi sibiza lolu hlobo "Canadian."
Lesi isihlahla (sifinyelela ku-3.5-4 m) sinamaqabunga obanzi aqhakaze okwamaqanda, kwesinye isikhathi i-pubescent.
Naka isithombe sezimbali zePreston lilac - lezi yi-openwork inflorescence, ikakhulukazi i-lavender-pink. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, izimvemvane zivame ukuvakashela izihlahla. Amakati amancanyana adinga izihlahla ezijwayelekile zokulungisa ukwakha isihlahla esime nkqo. ILilac Preston ayizethembisi futhi ibusika-hardy.
Ungase futhi uqaphele izinhlobo:
Lilac "Agnes Smith" ("Agnes Smith") - Izimbali ezilula zebhubhu zombala omhlophe omhlophe ziqoqwa kumabhulashi aminyene. Iqhakaza kakhulu. Ukuphakama kweShrub 2-2.5 m.
Izinhlobo zeLilac "Elinor" ("Elinor") - umehluko obonakalayo kakhulu wezimbali ezi-raspberry-ezibomvu nezimbali ezinamakha ezithambile ze-lilac-pink. Izimbali ziningi. Bush 2,5-3,5 m ukuphakama.
Lilac "Hiawatha" (I-Tayavata ") - Izimbali eziminyene okusajingijolo pink izimbali elimnandi elula zakha panicles obukhulu. Iqhakaza kakhulu. Bush kuze kube ngu-2-2,5 m.
Izinhlobo zeLilac "Minuet" ("Minuet") - Izimbali ziyi-lavender ekhanyayo, bese kuba yi-lilac ene-tint ebomvu, enephunga elikhanyayo. Iqhakaza kakhulu. Bush ukuphakama kuze kube 2 m.
Okuhlukahlukene "Redwine" ("Redwine") unombala ocebile ophuzi wewayini ophuzi we-inflorescence. Iphunga liyinongo. Iqhakaza kakhulu. Isihlahla siphezulu, sifinyelela ku-3.5 m.
Photo of Amur lilac nencazelo
Ukuqhakaza kwama-lilacs kuqediwe yi-Amur lilac engakabi yilungelo elijwayelekile (S. amurensis). Abanye abacwaningi bayihlukanisa kanye nezinye izinhlobo zohlobo oluhlukile iLigustrina, noma iTreskuny (Ligustrina), ngoba izimbali zazo zifana kakhulu nezimbali zezitshalo ezivela kuhlobo lweBiryuchina (Ligustrum).
Njengoba kubonakala esithombeni, i-Amur lilac yisihlahla esinemifino eminingi noma isihlahla esikhulu esinomqhele omnyama osatshalaliswa, ngokwesiko kuze kufike ku-6 m m. Amaqabunga afana nesimo s. ezejwayelekile, kepha ngokungafani nayo, ekwindla zipendiwe ngamathoni e-orange-aphuzi noma onsomi. Iqhakaza kakhulu ezimbalini ezinkulu, ezibanzi ezinokwethuka kwezimbali ezincane ezimhlophe noma ezinoshukela kancane ngephunga loju. Ikhula kahle emhlabathini omanzi futhi omanzi. Ukuqina kobusika. Izinhlobonhlobo zawo "I-Ivory Silk" ("I-Ivory Silk") ivame ukutholakala ngokuthengiswa, kubonakaliswa ukubumbana okukhulu nephunga elibonakalayo.
Ifana kakhulu encazelweni ne-Amur lilac s. IJapan (S. japonica), abanye botanists abahlukanisa ngayo ngendlela ezimele. Ihluka ngamasayizi amakhulu esihlahla, amaqabunga kanye nama-inflorescence, kanye nokuqhakaza kamuva.
Ifanelwe ukushiwo nokuqhakaza ehlobo na. Meyer (S. meyeri), okuzoba lula ukuthola indawo ngisho nasengadini encane. Lesi sihlahla esinamakhompiyutha sicwebile, esinamahlamvu amahle, afinyelela phezulu ku-1,0-1.2 m. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zaleli lilac yi- “Palibin” (Palibin), eqhakaza kakhulu ngama-pink-lilac inflorescences.
Lapho umuthi uqhakaza lilac
Izimbali ezingama-lilac zivula nge. hyacinthaceous ekuqaleni kuya maphakathi noMeyi, izimbali zazo zifana nezimbali. ezejwayelekile, kepha ama-inflorescence mancane futhi athambile. Uhlobo lwayo lwe-terry (f. Plena) olunezimbali ezinamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka onsomi emaphaketheni amakhulu luhle ngokukhethekile.
Okudumile izinhlobo "Buffon" ("I-Buffon") ngezimbali ezilula ezinephunga elimnandi elikhulukazi onsomi elimnandi elinombala ophuzi kanye no-Ester Staley ngezimbali ezilula ezinephunga elimnandi le-lilac.
Izimbali ezijwayelekile ze-lilac
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza no. I-siazinto enemibala, izinhlobo zezimbali zama-lilacs ajwayelekile aqala ukugcwalisa ingadi ngemibala ye-pastel yobuthakathi. Ukukhetha okukodwa kwezinhlobo ezithakazelisa kakhulu ze-lilac ejwayelekile kuwumsebenzi ongabongi, ngoba amakhulu awo kufanele anakwe. Sikhuluma ngengxenye encane nje yento engajwayelekile noma evame kakhulu.
Ungatshala kanjani i-lilac
AmaLilac atshalwe ezindaweni ezivulekile ezinelanga, avikelwe emimoyeni. Le ndawo kufanele ihlanzwe kahle futhi ingagcotshwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngenkathi yesithwathwa neqhwa elinemvula eqhubekayo. Ngisho nokugcwala kwamanzi okufushane kungadala ukufa kwezimpande ezincane.
ILilac iyathandeka, kepha inika ukuqhakaza okuningi kwenhlabathi evundile evulekile noma enenhlabathi engathathi hlangothi enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-humus. Inhlabathi ye-Acidic kufanele ibe ngumkhawulo. Izinhlabathi zobumba ezisindayo kumele zithuthukiswe ngokungeza i-humus nesihlabathi. Ngokuthola indawo eseduze kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba, ukudonsa kwemanzi kuyadingeka.
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-lilacs, ama-humus noma umquba kanye ne-superphosphate alethwa emigodini yokutshala. Kwinhlabathi enobumba, kufakwa isihlabathi. Emhlabathini onomanyolo, ufulawa we-dolomite ungezwa ukungathathi hlangothi, i-pH yesisekelo esingezansi kufanele ibe ngu-6.5-7.0.
Ukutshala lilac nini
Kungcono ukutshala ama-lilacs ngo-Agasti, ngoba entwasahlobo, ama-buds avuvukala ekuqaleni kwawo, futhi ngamahlumela okuvuvukala, i-lilac ayikubekezeleli ukufakelwa. Uma ungazi ukuthi uzotshala nini ama-lilacs, kepha unezinto zokutshala ezitsheni, khona-ke ukutshala kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kepha emakethe yethu kunobungozi bokuthola i-lilac esanda kugaywa bese itshalwe ebhodweni. Kulokhu, isithombo kungenzeka ukuthi singathathi izimpande.
AmaLilacs awathobeki futhi akamelana nesomiso, kepha ngesikhathi sokukhula, izitshalo eziqhakazayo nezinezimbali ziniselwa amanzi ukuze zikhule futhi ziqhakaze kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma isimo sezulu sesomile. Ngo-Agasti, ukuthambisa akuqhutshwa ukuze kungavuseleli ukuvuswa kwezinso nezinsana zazo ukukhula ngaphambi kwesikhathi.
Ngonyaka wokutshala, ama-lilac awadingi ukondliwa. Kusuka onyakeni wesibili noma wesithathu, kumanyolo umgodi wamaminerali onezakhi zomkhondo ungeniswa esigabeni sokukhula nokuvuthwa. AmaLilacs asabela kumanyolo we-organic, njengokufakwa kwe-mullein nge-superphosphate. Ekupheleni kuka-Agasti - Septhemba, umanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium noma umlotha usetshenziswa njalo eminyakeni emibili.
Izihlahla ze-lilac nezihlahla inqubo
Eminyakeni yokuqala ngemuva kokutshala, lesi sitshalo sikhula buthakathaka futhi asidingi kuthenwa. Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele kwakhiwe isihlahla, kushiya ama-5-10 amagatsha wamathambo abekwe kahle kakhulu.
Ngemuva kokubuka ngokucophelela ividiyo yenqubo yokuthena izihlahla ze-lilac, uqaphele ukuthi amahlumela awafinyeziwe ukuze alahlekelwe ukuqhakaza, kodwa kuphela amahlumela aminyene asikiwe "kwindandatho." Izihlahla kwenziwa ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo ngaphambi kokuba izinso zivuke.
Kuyasiza ukusika ingxenye yesithathu yamahlumela eziqhakaza zezimbali, ekhuthaza ukwakheka kwamagatsha amasha lapho kubekwa khona imbali efihlekile. Ngakho-ke isibonakaliso sokuthi ngenxa yokuqhakaza okuxakile, ama-lilacs kufanele aphulwe phakathi kwezimbali. Kodwa lokhu akufanele kwenziwe, ngoba "amabhomu" angafani angaba ngumthombo wokutheleleka kwezifo kanye nezinambuzane. I-inflorescence isikwa nge-peduncle ende ende ngokhuni olulodwa noma emibili ubudala ngaphandle kweziqu. Kuma-lilacs axhunyiwe, amahlumela asuswa njalo.
Emasimini, ama-lilac atshalwe emithanjeni engekho emthethweni. Ezingadini ezindala kwakuvame ukutholakala eduze kwendlu, i-gazebo noma indawo yokuphumula.
Ezivandeni ezinkulu zezimbali, ama-lilac nawo angasebenza njengesizinda sokuhlobisa. Ihamba kahle izitshalo ezihlobisa umhlobiso ngasikhathi sinye: ispirea esinezimbali ezimhlophe eziqhakaza izimbali, ekuqaleni kuka-May, izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezikhonkwane ezibabazekayo kanye nabalimi abanobuhlakani abanezihlahla zokuqala ezifana nesihlahla. Kuma-perennials, ungasebenzisa i-swimsuit, i-aquilegia yokuqala, i-dicenter enhle kakhulu. Muhle endaweni enamakhethini ama-lilac ama-tulips abade futhi neminsalo i-Aflatunsky nesiqhwaga.
