I-Zamioculcas (Zamioculcas) - isitshalo esinotshani obumnandi obunobunono, kungokwaluphi uhlobo lwenhlobo yomndeni wama-Aroidae (Araceae). Homeland - izindawo ezishisayo zase-East Africa, isiqhingi saseMadagascar. Isitshalo esihlala sihlala sinezimbali ezinamaqabunga amnyama aluhlaza ocwebezelayo. I-tuber enkulu emhlabathini igcina amanzi futhi isiza imbali ukuthi iphile ngesikhathi sesomiso. Isitshalo sikhulu, endlini sikhula sifinyelela kumamitha ayi-1.5. Amaqabunga agcina umbala wawo njalo.
Ukuchazwa kokuqala kwesayensi kweZamioculcas kwenziwa ngo-1828, nokho, kwavela ezitolo zezimbali eYurophu kuphela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.
IZamioculcas ayifaki esikweni; ulwazi olukhethekile aludingeki ukuze uyinakekele. Isitshalo esihle futhi esingenakungabaza sihle ngamahhovisi anendawo enamapulangwe, uzizwa emuhle emakamelweni ashisayo nasendaweni epholile. Akadingi ukufafazwa njalo, musa nje ukuwedlula ngokunisela ngenkathi ebandayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emvelweni imbali yeZamioculcas ihlala ngaphansi kwelanga eli-sultry lase-Afrika, ayidingi ukukhanya okukhanya ngaphakathi. Ngenxa yokungathobeki kwayo nokubukeka okungajwayelekile, lesi sitshalo sidumile phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali nama-phytodeigners. Yaziwa nangokuthi isihlahla sedola, ngoba abantu abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okufanele isitshalo siletha ukukhula kwengcebo kubanikazi baso.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zamamyokulkas amyloid (ngesithombe)
Kunezinhlobonhlobo eziningana ze-ezineoculcas ezingabekwanga zinhlobo ezihlukile, kepha ezibhekwa njengokuhlukahluka kwemvelo kohlobo olulodwa. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:
Zamiokulkas zameyelistny (Z. mineifolia);
I-Zamioculcas lanceolate (Z. lanceolata);
I-Zamioculcas mosagated (Z. Varigated).
Amaqabunga amaqabunga e-lanceolate kanye nokuhlukahluka kwe-mosagate yesimo eside. Lezi zinhlobo zokuphela kwezinhlobo ze-amioculcas zikhonjisiwe esithombeni:
Ngo-2007, kwethulwa uhlobo lokuqala lweZamioculcas emhlabeni - iZamicro. Ngokungafani nezinhlobo zemvelo, lolu hlobo alukho ngaphezulu kuka-60 cm futhi lunamaqabunga amancane, anomusa.
Njengesitshalo sokuhlobisa ngaphakathi, iZamioculcas zameyelistny isetshenziswa kakhulu. Lolu hlobo kuphela lwe-zamyokulkas lwathola igama lokufana kwazo kwangaphandle ne-zamia, isitshalo esijwayelekile sokuzivocavoca.
Ngabe ibukeka kanjani i-azoculcas exotic? Kuhle kakhulu. Isiqu saso sisemhlabathini ngesimo se-tuber enkulu enezindawo zokugcina umswakama, futhi amaqabunga ama-cirrus ayi-4-6 akhuphuka ngaphezu komhlaba. Ama-petioles amaqabunga engxenyeni engezansi akhula ngokuqinile futhi akhuliswa, yingakho evame ukungaqondakali ngeziqu. Amaqabunga eCirrus abekwa ngokuqinile esiqwini esifushane esivundlile, esifana nerosette. Afinyelela ubude obungamasentimitha angama-80-100 futhi ambozwe ngamahlamvu amnyama aluhlaza okotshani obumnyama. Isimo sezulu sezindawo zabo zomdabu saphenduka i-zamioculcas yaba yinto ethandekayo, lapho ikhula khona ezimeni zelanga elishisayo nesomiso. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwe-wax emacembe, lesi sitshalo sigwema ukushiswa kanye nomhwamuko ngokweqile we-umswakama. Ikhula kancane, amaqabunga amasha akavamile ukuvela.
Zamioculcas blooms kanjani emvelweni nasekhaya (enesithombe)
Abatshali bezitshalo zokuqala banesifiso sokwazi ukuthi iZamioculcas iqhuma kanjani emvelweni nasekhaya? Ukuqhakaza i-amioculcas emvelweni yinto engavamile, ngoba lokhu kwenzeka kuphela ngesikhathi esivuthiwe kakhulu. Kwisiko lasekamelweni ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele zokulungiswa, ukunakekelwa okuhle, lesi sitshalo siqhakaza ngemibala emhlophe nelokhilimu ekhanyayo, kepha lapho sesikhulile. I-inflorescence yindlebe yommbila. Izimbali zobulili obuhlukile zitholakala kwi-cob ngokwahlukana, insikazi - ngezansi, owesilisa - ngenhla, futhi phakathi kwabo kukhona indawo yezimbali eziyinyumba. Ngenxa yalesi sakhiwo se-inflorescence, ukuzingcolisa ngokwakho akunakwenzeka. Emvelweni, ama-supplents avinjelwe umoya noma izinambuzane ezinambuzelayo ezihlala ezweni lesitshalo.
Lesi sithombe sikhombisa ukuthi amaZamioculcas aqhuma kanjani: ama-inflorescence aqukethe izindlebe nokubekwa kombhede okuvela kuwo kanye amaqabunga asezingeni eliphakeme lesitshalo.
Ungayinakekela kanjani i-zamioculcas ebhodweni futhi kungani uyifaka kuyo
Ngokwesiko lamagumbi, imbali yeZamioculcas ayizithobi, nokuthi ungayinakekela kanjani ichazwe ngezansi. Ukuze uqinisekise izimo ezikhulayo zokukhula ze-azoculcas, umuntu kufanele azi izici zemvelo yobukhona bayo.
I-Zamioculcas idinga ukukhanya okukhanya okugqamile, kepha futhi iyabekezelela umthunzi osesilinganisweni, futhi ngenxa yalokho ikhula kahle ewindini lasenyakatho. Ngokukhanya okwanele, ikhula ngokushesha futhi igcine ukukhanya kwemibala yayo. Esithunzini esiminyene, izinga lokukhula kwe-zamioculcas lizokwehla, amaqabunga ayoba buthaka, bese kuba nokuncane esiqwini. Ehlobo, lesi sitshalo singathathwa sivele ngaphandle ngokufiphala kusuka elangeni eliqondile. Ukuze iqhubeke nokubukeka kwayo okuhle, kuyadingeka ukuyiguqula ngezikhathi ezithile.
IZamioculcas ibekezelela amazinga okushisa ahlukahlukene, nokho, lesi sitshalo sise-thermophilic futhi asizizwa kahle emakamelweni apholile. Ikhula kahle egumbini elifudumele ngokukhanya okukhanyayo, ukuthambisa ngokulinganayo kanye nokufafaza ngezikhathi ezithile. Izinga lokushisa elilungile lesihlahla sedola ehlobo ngu-20-26 ° C. Ibekezelela ukukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa okufika kuma-30 ° C, kepha ngezinsuku ezishisayo kuyalulekwa ukufafaza isitshalo. IZamioculcas yi-thermophilic, ngakho-ke ebusika izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe akufanele lihle ngaphansi kuka-12 ° C, ngokufanele - 15-18 ° C.
Ngokuqondene nezinye izinsiza, umswakama womoya awudlali indima enkulu ye-zamioculcas. I-Zamioculcas ayidingi ukufafazwa kwamaqabunga; iguqulwa ibe ngesimo sezulu esomile. Kodwa ukuze ulondoloze ubuhle, kwesinye isikhathi lesi sitshalo sidinga "ukuthatha ishawa efudumele" ukuqeda uthuli luxazululwe emaqabungeni, le nqubo akufanele iphindwe isikhathi esingaphezu kwe-1 ngenyanga. Kwesinye isikhathi ungasusa amaqabunga eanguoculcas ngesiponji esithambile, esimanzi. Futhi, ukufafaza ngeke kumlimaze uma umoya womile kakhulu. Ebusika, kungcono ukunisela isitshalo kaningi kunasehlobo.
Umuthi wedola uzizwa umkhulu emhlabeni onempilo, onempilo. Kudingeka amanzi amancane. Okuhle kakhulu ukwakheka kwengxube yomhlaba we-turf, isihlabathi nodaka olwandisiwe, okuthi, uma kunesidingo, lungathathelwa indawo nge-gravel encane. Kuyiqiniso, inhlabathi yendawo yonke ibhekwa njengeyona ndlela engcono kakhulu, kepha uma uthatha isinqumo sokulungiselela le ngxube ngokwakho, khona-ke isilinganisi sendawo silungiswa kusuka kumhlabathi wephepha, i-peat, humus nesihlabathi (1: 1: 1: 1). Uma ingxube yenziwe ngokwakho, kunconyelwa ukuyikhipha inambuzane. Lokhu kungenziwa ngokuthela amanzi abilayo, noma i-calcine kuhhavini.
Ukunakekela imbali yeZamioculcas ekhaya akuyona umthwalo, kuncike emithethweni eminingi elula.
Ukunisela. Umthetho omkhulu wokunisela iZamioculcas ekhaya ngokulinganisela. Isitshalo singathululelwa, ngakho-ke udinga ukusinisela ngokucophelela. Iqiniso ngukuthi i-tuber yakhe ibamba umswakama, okudingekayo ekuthuthukiseni nasekukhuleni okujwayelekile. Ngenxa yalokhu kunqwabelana, le mbali ibhekana nesomiso. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukufiphaza kunokugcwalisa ngokweqile.
Imibuso yokunisela yeZamioculcus ne-cactus ifana kakhulu. Ehlobo, imbali ayithelwa kaningi, kodwa kakhulu. Ebusika, lesi sitshalo sishiywa somile izinsuku eziningana futhi emva kokuba ukuthambisa okusesilinganisweni kwenziwe.
Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi i-zamioculcas kumele iniselwe kuphela njengoba umhlabathi womile. Phakathi kokunisela, ungqimba olungaphezulu kwamasentimitha angu-2-3 kufanele lome. Ehlobo, imvamisa yokunisela izikhathi 2 ngenyanga, ebusika - isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga. Kunconywa ukuvikela amanzi okunisela.
Ukuchelela ngokungasebenzi kahle kungadala izifo eziningi zesitshalo, futhi kubangele ukuvela kwezinambuzane eziyingozi kuso. Ngokuchelela okunganele, lesi sitshalo silahlekelwa amaqabunga amancane, lapho omile, wonke amaqabunga angawa, lapho esegcwaliswe kakhulu, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi futhi abole. Endabeni yokugcina, kuzoba nzima ukusindisa isitshalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu. Ukuqinisekisa ukukhula okuvamile kwesitshalo, ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwenziwa ngomanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali, okufanele uguqulwe ngokuhlanganiswa. Kungcono ukufaka umanyolo we-zamioculcas ngokuphelele kunomanyolo wohlobo olufanayo, ngoba ukushintshwa komanyolo wamaminerali ne-organic kungekudala kuzokhulisa isitshalo esikhulu.
Isikhathi sokudla sisukela maphakathi no-Mashi kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa umanyolo owuketshezi we-suppulents ne-cacti. Umanyolo lo awunazo izinhlayiya ze-nitrogen futhi une-compact ephansi kancane kunenye yokugqoka ephezulu. Imvamisa yokondla - isikhathi esingu-1 ngenyanga, kusukela ngo-Ephreli kuya ku-Agasti - amahlandla ama-2 ngenyanga. Ebusika, imvamisa ayidingi ukondliwa.
Kumele kwaziwe ukuthi umanyolo owuketshezi usetshenziswa enhlabathini enomswakama ungabi ngaphezu kwesonto elilodwa njalo emavikini amabili. Le ndlela izogwema ukusha kwesitshalo.
IZamioculcas ikhula kancane, amaqabunga amasha avela ngezikhathi ezithile ezinkulu. Amacembe amadala ongezansi awa ngesizathu semvelo. Ukuwa okukhulu kwamaqabunga kukhombisa ukunakekelwa okungafanele.
Ukukhula ngaphakathi kwendanguorococccas: kanjani ukutshala isitshalo ebhodweni elisha
Ukuze lesi sitshalo sikhule futhi sikhule kahle, kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ungazinakekela kanjani i-zamioculcas ebhodweni. Ngakho-ke, ukufakelwa kuqala kwandiswa ukukhethwa kwembiza yesitshalo. Le mbali ikhula kangcono kwizimbali zezimbali zihambisana nosayizi wohlelo lwezimpande (ukukhula kuyashesha lapho izimpande zifinyelela ezindongeni). Uma izimpande zesitshalo ziqala ukuvela ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi, lapho-ke zidinga ukufakelwa kuhlobo lwezimbali ezikhudlwana.
Ngaphambi kokutshala i-amioculcas, udinga ukulungiselela kahle ukwakheka kwenhlabathi. Umhlabathi we-zamioculcas kufanele ukhululeke futhi ukhule. I-sand noma i-perlite ingezwe kuyo okungenani ingxenye yesine yevolumu. Kudingeka amanzi amancane. Ngaphansi kwembiza yenza amanzi akhulayo obumba, futhi nekota. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kangcono lesi sitshalo ebhodweni elisha, ishubhu salo akufanele sehliselwe ngokuphelele emhlabathini.
Kungcono ukutshala i -anguoculcas epulasitiki eliqinile leplastikhi, ngoba lapho uyifaka, ungayisika futhi uthole isitshalo kuyo ngaphandle kokulimaza izimpande.
Ngenxa yohlelo oluncane lwezimpande, imbali ikhula kancane, ngakho-ke izitshalo ezincane akumele zibuyiselwe isikhathi esingadluli kanye ngonyaka, khuphula kancane ivolumu lembiza, kanye nabantu abadala - kungabi njalo kanye eminyakeni engama-3-5. Ukutshala i-amioculcas kwenziwa kangcono entwasahlobo. Kuyadingeka ukusebenza ngamagilavu enjoloba, ngoba ujusi wesitshalo unobuthi. Ekhaya, ukufakelwa kweZamioculcas entwasahlobo kuvumela ama-tubers ukuthi aqhakaze kangcono futhi akhule u-green green ngokushesha.
Ungayinquma kanjani i-zamioculcas
Umbuzo wokuthi ungasinquma kanjani kahle i-azoculcas ungezwakala kaningi. Ngokuthuthuka okujwayelekile, isitshalo asidingi izihlahla, sona uqobo sakha umqhele waso. Ama-Zamioculcas ayanqunywa lapho efuna ukuvuselela amaqabunga amadala asindayo engxenyeni engezansi noma amane anikeze ifomu esitshalweni. Uma ngenxa yokukhula okungalungile kuyadingeka ukunciphisa i -anguoculcas yokudla okungcono kwamagatsha, lokhu kwenziwa kangcono ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo - entwasahlobo.
Ukuze unciphise ukulimala kwezicubu zezitshalo, kunconywa ukusebenzisa amasekhethi amancane abukhali. Ungasikwa ngommese obukhali obfishane. Indawo yokunisela kufanele yomiswe ukuze kuvikelwe amagciwane angama-pathogenic ukuthi angangeni emikhunjini evulekile. Ngenhloso efanayo, ungafafaza izingxenye ezinkulu ngamalahle achotshoziwe.
Izifo ze-Zamioculcas nezindlela zokwelashwa kwazo
Ngezansi kwezifo ezivame kakhulu ze-amioculcas nezindlela zokwelashwa kwazo.
Ukubhujiswa kohlelo lwezimpande. Ngesikhathi salesi sifo, imbali empeleni ayikhuli. Lokhu kungenxa yokuchichima, okufanekisela ubungozi obukhulu esitshalweni. Ukunisela kwakuvame kakhulu noma amanzi ayengavunyelwe ukungena ngaphakathi epanini. Lesi sifo siholela ekufeni kwesihlahla sedola. Ukuphela kwendlela yokuphuma kwalesi simo ukusika izihlahla ezisikiwe bese uzifaka ezimpandeni emhlabathini osanda kulungiswa.
Amabala amnyama esiqwini. Kubukeka ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele kwesitshalo. Ukuqeda amabala, udinga ukuvuselela irekhodi lokunakekelwa.
Shrinkage kwesiqu ngokuntuleka kwamanzi. Enye imbangela yalesi sifo kungaba ukuqina kwenhlabathi. Kuyadingeka ukuyithukulula futhi inikeze isitshalo ukuthambisa okufanele.
Imvamisa kuba nenkinga lapho amaqabunga ephenduka aphuzi eZamioculcas, okungabangelwa yizizathu ezilandelayo:
- Ukuguga okungokwemvelo, ngenxa yokuthi kuphela amaqabunga aphansi aphenduka aphuzi futhi awe. Ngaso leso sikhathi, kuvela amaqabunga amasha esiqongweni sesitshalo. Le yinqubo evamile, yemvelo engaxhomekeki ekunakekelweni.
- Ushintsho olungazelelwe lokushisa. Kulokhu, lesi sitshalo sinokuphuzi okukhulu kwamaqabunga. Kuyadingeka ukubheka ukuthi imbali imile kokusalungiswa nokuthi uma kukhona umfudlana womoya obandayo.
- Ukuchelela okungasebenzi kahle kubangela uphuzi kumaqabunga amancane.
- Umoya owomile ongaphakathi uholela ophuzi futhi womiswe emaphethelweni amaqabunga. Kuyadingeka ngezikhathi ezithile ukufafaza lesi sitshalo ngamanzi afudumele.
Ngobuhle obungajwayelekile, obumnandi buqabukela buhlaselwa yizinambuzane, basatshiswa yikhonksi elisindayo elivikela i-amioculcas. Kepha kwesinye isikhathi kungathintwa izinambuzane ezinjengalezi: izinambuzane ezikala kakhulu, izibungu zesicabucabu, ama-aphid. Ngemuva kokuthola izinambuzane, kufanele uphathe amaqabunga esitshalo ngesixazululo esifudumele sosepha. Uma le khambi lingasebenzi, kusetshenziswa amalungiselelo akhethekile ukuqeda lolu hlobo lwegciwane.
Ngakho-ke, impendulo yombuzo wokuthi ungasinakekela kanjani lesi sitshalo i-Zamioculcas ukugcinwa kwemithetho elula yokunisela, ukondla, ukuthutha nokuthena isihlahla sedola. Ngokubonga, ngokuqinisekile kuzoqhakaza ngezimbali zayo ezingandile, kodwa ezingavamile kakhulu.
Ukusakazwa kwe-zazoculcas ngokusika emhlabathini nasemanzini
Ekhaya, ukwenziwa kabusha kwe-amioculcas kungenzeka ngezindlela eziningana. Lesi sitshalo sisakazeka ngokusakazayo.
Ukusakazwa kwe -anguoculcas ngokusikwa kwamaqabunga kuyindlela ekhetheke kunazo zonke. Eziswini zokuvuna, kusetshenziswa iqabunga eliphakathi nendawo elikhule kahle elisezingeni eliphansi kwisitshalo esidala. Engxenyeni engezansi yeqabunga, amaqabunga amaqabunga asuswa ku-rachis. Ngokutshala, ungathatha ingxenye kuphela yeqabunga elikhulu - phezulu lingama-15-20 cm ngamaqabunga angama-4-5. Izingxenye kufanele ziphathwe namalahle ochotshoziwe noma isishukumisi sokukhula kwezimpande - zircon, izimpande. Ngemuva kwalokhu kwelashwa, bazovikelwa ezifweni.
Kungcono ukomisa izingcezu ngaphambi kokutshala. Lapho ukusikwa kwe-midzi, kucetyiswa ukusebenzisa ukufudumeza kwenhlabathi, kanye nokusebenzisa ama-phytohormones ekwakhekeni kwezimpande kangcono. Amahlamvu namaqabunga asikiwe ahlanganiswa engxenyeni yesihlabathi ne-peat (1: 1) endaweni efudumele ngokukhanya okungafani, ngaphansi kwesembozo ngengilazi noma nge-polyethylene ukugcina umswakama. Ngaphansi kwale mibandela, amaqabunga akha isitho esiyindilinga esiyindilinga lapho izinso nezimpande zikhula khona. Imbiza enesibambo ibekwa endaweni efudumele futhi ifafazwe njalo. Ukubamba imbala kungathatha izinyanga ezimbili. Lapho izimpande zivela, isiqu se-zamioculcas sidluliselwa ebhodweni elincane elinomugqa omncane (isibonelo, inhlabathi ye-cacti kanye ne-anculents). Lapho utshala enhlabathini evamile ye-porosity engeza isihlabathi, i-perlite, i-vermiculite.
Ngokungeziwe kule ndlela engenhla, kungenzeka ukuthi ungaphinda u-zamioculcas emanzini, usetshenziswe njengendlela yokwenza uhlelo lwempande. Kukhethwa isiqu esinamandla, esakhiwe futhi sihlukaniswe nesitshalo somama. Ngemuva kwalokho isayithi elisikiwe liphathwa ngama-stimulants okwakha izimpande (izimpande, i-zircon, i-heteroauxin). Isibambo sifakwa esitsheni samanzi ngokufakwa kwekhabhoni noma i-fungic ocushiwe, okucindezela inqubo yokubola, bese uyishiya efasiteleni. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingaba ngu-1-1,5, ngemuva kokuvela kwezimpande, kutshalwa isitshalo esincane emhlabathini olungiselelwe.
Ungazalela kanjani i -anguoculcas: ukusakazwa ngamaqabunga kanye nezilimo eziyizigaxa ekhaya
Ukukhiqizwa kweqabunga le-azoculcas ekhaya kungenye indlela elandelayo. Kwisitshalo esidala, iqabunga lihlukaniswa ne-vein (rachis) yeqabunga eliyinkimbinkimbi, isipuni sifafazwa ngamalahle, iqabunga elisikiwe lomisiwe amahora angama-1-2 futhi litshalwe ngokungabonakali engilazini enomhlaba ukuze u-1/3 weqabunga asengxenyeni engaphansi.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Zamioculcus tuber kuyindlela elula elula lapho kungasatshalaliswa khona isitshalo esidala kuphela esinamabhu amakhulu. I-tuber, ekhula, ihlukaniswe yodwa, futhi nezilimo eziyizigaxa zendodakazi yakheka masinyane. Ekufakweni okulandelayo kwesitshalo somama, i-tuber ihlukaniswe ukuze okungenani iphuzu lokukhula elilodwa ligcinwe engxenyeni ngayinye. Lapho inkulu ingxenye ethathwe ukuze ikhiqizwe kabusha, isitshalo esithuthukisiwe sizophuma ngokushesha. Ngemuva kokuhlukanisa, izingxenye ezitholakele zomisiwe amahora amaningi, lezi zingxenye ziphathwa ngamalahle futhi zitshalwe ezitsheni ezigcwaliswe nge-substrate ekhanyayo enesakhiwo esixegayo, ngaphandle kokungcwaba ikhanda le-tuber ngamandla amakhulu. Umswakama ojwayelekile womhlabathi uqala ezinsukwini ezi-3 ngemuva kokutshala. Ukwahlukaniswa kweTuber akuyona indlela elula yokusakazeka, ngoba isihlahla esisha sikhula kancane kakhulu.
Ungazalela kanjani iZamioculcas ngezigaba usebenzisa izindlela ezahlukahlukene, ungabona futhi isithombe:
