Kulesi sihloko, sizokhuluma ngokunisela ngomswakama oshaja kwezilimo zezithelo, okuyinto, ngicabanga, abalimi abaningi abayinaki, ikakhulukazi ekwindla enemvula. Kubonakala kwabaningi ukuthi imvula ebigcwele ophahleni ubusuku bonke ingamanzisa inhlabathi ijule ngokwanele, futhi ungakwenza ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ukuthambisa okungeziwe ngaphandle kokuchitha imali eyengeziwe emanzini. Kepha cha, awukwazi, futhi manje sizokutshela ukuthi kungani futhi sikufundise ukunisela okufanele ukufaka amanzi kabusha.
Umswakama ukushaja ukuchelela yensimu yezithelo kanye berry ezihlabayo.Yini engahle ibe yinkinga yokuntuleka kokunisela kwamanzi okushaja ekwindla?
Iqiniso ngukuthi kanye nezimvula zasehlobo, ezivame ukonakalisa ukuzilibazisa kwethu kwangaphandle, izinkathi zekwindla ezomile zaqala ukubonwa kaningi. Sibheka futhi sithokozela ukwindla kwegolide, amaqabunga omile naphuzi ezihlahleni esivune kuzo, kubonakala sengathi, okuncane, kodwa kusenesikhathi siqala ukulahla amahlamvu, futhi sikujabulele ukugqwala kwawo ngaphansi, sihamba sihamba izinsolo futhi ngokungacabangi ngokuphelele mayelana nokuthi ngalesi sikhathi izihlahla sicela kithi usizo futhi nje ukhathele ukoma.
Eqinisweni, ukusilela kokuswakama kokulungisa izitshalo isikhathi esinobusika futhi eside kakhulu kwesinye isikhathi kubi kakhulu kunesomiso, ngisho nangesikhathi sokukhula, lapho ukudla nakho kunikezwa nge-photosynthesis. Okusho ukuthi, kusukela elangeni, futhi kungashukumisa ukukhula kohlelo lwezimpande lube izingqimba ezijulile zenhlabathi, lapho kungenzeka ukuthi kusele amanzi. Kepha ekwindla awekho amaqabunga, futhi wena kanye namanzi wokunisela (noma izimvula uma ziningi futhi amahora wokugcina hhayi amaminithi) zingasiza izimpande zikhule futhi zisilungiselele ubusika.
Ukunisela okwakha kabusha umswakama kungaxazulula inkinga yesomiso esikhathini ekwindla futhi kulungiselele nezitshalo isikhathi eside sasebusika nokuphumelela ebusika. Kungabonakala sengathi yonke into inengqondo, icacile futhi iyaqondakala, kodwa ngasizathu simbe impikiswano ngesidingo sokunisela okushaja amanzi ayihlali phansi, kukhona wonke umthala wabalimi abavimbela ngokungathandabuzi ukukholelwa ekusebenzeni kwawo futhi baze bathi ukunisela okushaja amanzi kungalimaza izitshalo.
Akufanele uthembe izitatimende ezinjalo, noma kusekhona ingxenye encane yeqiniso elimaza izitshalo.
Ingabe kukhona ukulimala kusuka ekunikezelweni kokushaja kwamanzi?
Ukulimala kungenzeka kugcwale ngokweqile kwezithelo zamatshe, umnyombo wezimpande okuyi ndawo ebuhlungu. Kubalulekile lapho kwenziwa ukuthambisa okulayisha amanzi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi ngemuva kokufakwa kwamanzi, yomile cishe ngasentanjeni yezimpande. Akunakusho ukuthi kufanele amanzi aqongelele futhi ame isikhathi eside, ngaphandle kwalokho kuzoholela ekuboshweni kwentambo yezimpande, ukubola kwayo futhi kungadala nokufa kwezithelo zamatshe. Futhi yini ethakazelisa kakhulu, cishe kunoma yisiphi isigaba sokuthuthuka kwayo, okungukuthi, isitshalo esincane kanye nesipikili esikhulu. Qaphela lapha, futhi ngemuva kokunisela ukulayisha amanzi, kungcono ukukhulula inhlabathi ezungeze intamo yomsuka futhi, ngokucophelela kakhulu ukuze amanzi ngokweqile aqhamuke.
Ngokwemvelo, lokhu kusebenza kubo bonke abamele izitshalo zezithelo zamatshe, kulabo abangazi, lokhu akuyona kuphela ama-Cherry nama-cherpe ajwayelekile kanye nama-cherries, kodwa futhi ne-apricot, i-cherry iplamu, iplamu, kokubili isihlabathi kanye ne-Ussuri.
Ngakho-ke, uma ungaqiniseki ngamakhono akho futhi wesabe ngokuqondile kulezi zilimo, kungenzeka ngokuphelele ukuthi wehlise umthamo wamanzi othululelwa ngesigamu, noma wenze ngaphandle kokunisela okungakhokhelwa kwamanzi kwezithelo zamatshe.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukulimala kokuphinda kunkcenkceshele kule nhlabathi lapho amanzi engathathi kahle khona futhi kuqina isikhathi eside ezimpandeni, okungazibangela ukuba zibole, kuyafakazelwa (le yimhlabathi enobumba obunzima, ngokwesibonelo). Kuyingozi kakhulu ukuthulula amanzi amaningi ezindaweni ezisehlisiwe, lapho kwesinye isikhathi kwesinye isikhathi kuqoqana khona amanzi amaningi asezindaweni ezizungezile, nakulezo zindawo lapho amanzi aphansi komhlaba etholakala ngaphezu kwamamitha amabili ukusuka phezulu kwenhlabathi.
Ukuhlolwa
Ngakho-ke, sikutshele ngobungozi bokunisela okukhokhisa amanzi. Mhlawumbe yilezi zinto kuphela ezingezinhle ezingahle zenzeke ezitshalweni uma uzinkcenkceshela ekwindla, futhi nangaleso sikhathi kuphela ngezithelo zamatshe futhi ngokuthile, ungasho nje, zichazwe ngokuqinile, izinhlobo zenhlabathi. Kepha uma usenabo abangakholelwa ezinzuzweni zokunisela ngamanzi okushaja, siphakamisa ukuthi wenze ukuhlolwa okulula.
Isibonelo, izihlahla eziyisithupha zama-apula zikhula esakhiweni sakho, uthele ezintathu zazo njengoba siyala ngokuzayo, bese ushiya ezintathu ngaphandle kokunisela futhi uhlole ngonyaka olandelayo ukuthi izihlahla zezihlahla ze-apula, ukukhula, isivuno, isisindo se-apula, ukunambitha ngisho nesibalo sezifo nezinambuzane ezazikhona lezo nezinye izihlahla zama-apula. Yize kunjalo, akuyona imfihlo kunoma ngubani ukuthi uma isitshalo sande ngokweqile ngaphandle kwezinkinga, siyogcina singagonyiwe, futhi uma kungewona wonke umuntu, sizokwazi ukubekezelela ezinye zezifo nezinambuzane. Awukwazi ukusho ngomuthi wama-apula, owasinda ngokoqobo kulo lonke ubusika, ulinde ukufudumala obekulindelwe isikhathi eside.
Autumn umswakama ukuphinda inisele izihlahla zezitheloKuyini ukunisela ukulayisha amanzi?
Ngakho-ke, siqhubeka nezenzo ezicacile, okokuqala sizokutshela ukuthi ukunisela ukushaja kwamanzi okusekwindla kunamthelela muni ezitshalweni.
1. Ukusiza ukukhula kwezimpande ekwindla
Cishe bambalwa abantu abaziyo, kepha ngesikhathi sekwindla, hhayi konke, kepha ngokuvamile ngoSepthemba futhi ikakhulukazi ngo-Okthoba, kukhula ukukhula okukhulu kohlelo lwezimpande zezitshalo. Ikakhulu ngalesi sikhathi, izimpande ezidonsayo ezidingeka kakhulu isitshalo zikhula ngenkuthalo. Ngokuthuthuka kwezimpande zokubamba esikhathini sekwindla, ukunqwabelana kwezakhi zomsoco ezitshalweni, okuchithiwe ngesikhathi sezithelo kanye nalezo ezidingekayo nje empilweni yazo evamile ebusika, kuyaqhubeka. Izinto ezahlukahlukene kakhulu, ngeke singene imininingwane manje.
Vele, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isitshalo singakwazi ukudonsa izakhi kuphela ngesimo esincibilikisiwe, maye, kuso, maye, asikwazi ukumunca noma yini siphume enhlabathini eyomileyo, ngaphandle kwalokho besingaphila ngokuthula. Ngakho-ke, kule nkathi ebaluleke kakhulu ezitshalweni, inhlabathi imane nje ingabi ngumswakama omncane nje, kepha icwengeke kahle, futhi ngokuqondile ekujuleni kwalesi simiso sempande yokuthambisa, hhayi lapho izimpande zikakolweni zotshani ne-dandelion zikhula khona. Uma inhlabathi isomile, khona-ke ukukhula kohlelo lwempande yokuncipha kungahle kwehliswe ngokujulile noma kungabikho ngokuphelele. Kuzoholela kuphi? Akukho lutho oluhle: izitshalo zizobuthakathaka, ukungatheleleki kuzoncishiswa, kuzolungiswa ngendlela embi kakhulu ebusika futhi amathuba okubanda kweqhwa ebusika azoba sezingeni eliphezulu. Kuzoba ngumbuzo lapha hhayi ngezeluleko zezithombo ezingavuthiwe (konke lokhu kuyisihluthulelo), kepha ngokuqothulwa kwamagatsha wonke noma ukufa kwayo yonke imithi iyonke. Imvamisa kubusika obunzima, ama-apple wezithelo ezigcwele aphela ngenxa yokuthi akekho umuntu owake wacabanga ngenkasa ekhokhisa umswakama: bathi, kungani ushayela izimoto bese usebenzisa imali eyengeziwe.
2. Amanzi azokugcina efudumele
Yebo, kuyamangaza futhi kuyamangaza, kepha inhlabathi, echitheke kahle ngamanzi ekujuleni okukhulu, ibamba kancane kancane futhi hhayi ekujuleni kwenhlabathi eyomile noma kwenye lapho kukhona khona umswakama oswelayo. Ekhuluma ngokwesayensi, amandla okushisa enhlabathi agcwele umswakama aphezulu, kulapho lo mswakama omningi emhlabathini futhi, futhi, ephakeme kaningi kunenhlabathi eyomile. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuchelela okwenziwa ekwindla okushaja kugcina ukushisa isikhathi eside emhlabathini, kube yiqhwa kancane bese kuncipha kancane.
Ama-sceptics azocabanga: inhlabathi inomswakama futhi inyibilika kancane !? Yebo, kuyiqiniso impela, kepha kunjalo ngesikhathi sezikhathi zobusika obuvusa inkanuko, lapho ilanga lingabhaki njengasentwasahlobo, kepha kumane kuveze imisebe yalo emfushane. Futhi uma inhlabathi isomile, khona-ke ingaqala ukufudumala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezingambozwe kahle yiqhwa, futhi ivuse ukuvuselelwa kohlelo lwezimpande, okuthi ngemuva kokuwohloka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kube nomthelela omubi kulo. Kepha emhlabathini, oniselwe kahle ekwindla, izimpande ngeke zikubone lokhu, ngesikhathi sethwasa, inhlabathi ngeke nje ibe nesikhathi sokuncibilika ngokuphelele.
3. Ungavumeli ukukhipha ubusika
Yidlanzana nje labalimi abasebenza kahle abazi ukuthi ukunisela okukhokhisa amanzi ekwindla kungavimbela kalula into engathandeki kangako njengokucisha ubusika. Lesi simo esingesihle kwesinye isikhathi sibi kakhulu kuneqhwa. Ngabe kuhamba kanjani lokhu? Ngisho nasebusika, amahlumela asagcina umswakama; yize lezi zinqubo zingabonakali kalula futhi zehla ngokweqile, kepha ziqhamuka eceleni kwesihlahla, olubheke eningizimu. Lapho kungekho umswakama enhlabathini ekwindla, uhlelo lwezimpande lwalungakwazi ukugcina izicubu zesitshalo ngomsalo kusengaphambili, futhi njengoba izimpande zingasebenzi, izitshalo zisebenzisa imali yazo yokugcina. Ngakho-ke, sivame ukuqaphela amahlumela omisiwe ngokuphelele ohlangothini oluseningizimu lwesihlahla, ngesinye isikhathi sithokozela ukuthi ubusika babunezinsuku eziningi ezinelanga - lo ngumphumela.
Ukudonswa ngamandla kuba nzima lapho isibhakabhaka sicwathile futhi sicacile, kuvunguza umoya onamandla obandayo futhi isikhathi siseduze kwentwasahlobo, okungukuthi, kuya ngoMashi noma ngo-Ephreli: phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ilanga selivele lishisa kahle, (ungakhipha ngisho ukushiswa yilanga ophahleni).
Esimweni esifanayo, uma ngesikhathi sekwindla kukhona umswakama owenele emhlabathini, ikakhulukazi ekujuleni kwamamitha ayi-0.6 ngezihlahla futhi afinyelela kumamitha amabili ezihlahla, le nkinga ingagwenywa ngokuphepha.
4. Umswakama omncane entwasahlobo? Akukhathalekile!
Yebo, ekuphetheni, ngaphambi kokuba sikhulume ngokuthi, kangakanani futhi kangakanani umswakama odinga ukuthulululwa, sizokhuluma ngokunye kokunisela kokusesha kwamanzi okusekwindla - lokhu kusilela kokuswakama kwentwasahlobo. Yebo, yebo, lokhu kuyenzeka futhi kaningi; Ubusika abuhlali buneqhwa, futhi kwesinye isikhathi iqhwa alincibiliki, kepha liyahwamuka ngokoqobo futhi hhayi umswakama omningi ongena emhlabathini njengoba singathanda. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthembela entwasahlobo nakukulungiswa kwemvelo kokushaja komswakama futhi ungakubeki endaweni yokufakelwa.
Ngokuvamile, kunezindlela eziningi zokukhetha izihlahla entwasahlobo ezingenawo amanzi: lokhu akuyona kuphela ukuhwamuka kweqhwa okusheshayo, kodwa futhi, ngokwesibonelo, iqhwa eliwela emhlabathini owakhiwe iqhwa, lapho i-meltwater imane igeleza isuka ezingxenyeni ezingancibilikisiwe ngisho nokunye. Lapha udinga ngempela ukuya engadini, unyathele, ubambe, ubambe, ngokuvamile, okhalweni-ngokujulile noma ngedolo-ngokujulile eqhweni, zama ukushiya konke lokhu (amanzi afriziwe kuze kube manje) noma iningi lawo endaweni noma wenze ukulamula okufanayo kokushaja kwamanzi, kepha entwasahlobo.
Umsimbi wokunisela kabusha ukunisela kusendilinga se-basalNgabe udinga ukwenza nini ukuswakama kokushaja komswakama?
Akufanele uphuthume, ungaqala ngokunisela ukulayisha amanzi kusukela ngasekupheleni kukaSepthemba, ngokwesibonelo, enkabeni yeRussia - lokhu kungamashumi amabili enyangeni. Unganaki izimvula, zimanzi njengoba sidinga, inhlabathi kungenzeka ukuthi imanzi, futhi uma lina futhi lina inhlabathi, bese kuthi bonke omakhelwane bahleke, siyohleka entwasahlobo noma ekwindla ekuvuneni kwabo noma ezihlahleni eziqandayo.
Uma ihlobo belomile, ngokwesibonelo, ngawo lowo nyaka ka-2010, khona-ke ukulayisha okunisela okungamiswa kungabekwa ngokuphepha izinsuku eziyishumi nambili, ngaphandle kwalokho izihlahla esezivele zaphila, ngemuva kokushona emtholampilo, zingaqala ukukhula, asizidingi nakancane. Kunoma ikuphi, silinde ukuwa kwamaqabunga amakhulu (lapho ingxenye engaphezu kwamahhafu amaqabunga isivele isemhlabathini) futhi iya ekuniseleni.
Abalimi abaningana bathatha isikhathi esiningi ngokunisela futhi bawusebenzisa ngo-Okthoba noma nangemva kwalokho. Lokhu akukuhle, khumbula, ekuqaleni sakhuluma ngokukhula kohlelo lwezimpande? Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esincanyana osishiyela ithuba lokukhula kuze kube yilapho inhlabathi iqina, umswakama omncane uzoqongelela izicubu, futhi izimpande ezithile zokumunca zingase zife ngo-Okthoba zome uma kunomswakama omncane enhlabathini. Kuyacaca ukuthi lokhu ngeke kuthinte noma yini enhle ezitshalweni entwasahlobo.
Amanzi amangaki adingekayo ekunikezelweni kokuswakama komswakama?
Kungenzeka ukuthambisa kuphela ungqimba oluphezulu, kepha ngeke kube nomqondo ovela kulokhu, ngakho-ke njengoba sebeqalile ukunisela, kwenze ngendlela esezingeni. Isibonelo, ukuze imanzise ngokwanele izingqimba ezijulile zenhlabathi ekhanyiselwe ngokwanele inendawo ephansi komhlaba, kufanele kutheleke amalitha ayikhulu amanzi nge-skwele ngasinye. Kepha lokhu ngokwesilinganiso hhayi ngesikhathi. Konke kuncike emhlabathini nakubudala besitshalo.
Ake siqale ngeminyaka lapho isihlahla sineminyaka engaphansi kwemihlanu ubudala: uhhafu wale "umthamo" usanele ngokwanele, futhi ukuthambisa kungenziwa hhayi ngosuku olulodwa, kepha ezimbili noma ezintathu. Kepha uma lesi sihlahla sineminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nambili ubudala, sinomqhele obanzi futhi obhebhethekisayo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, lo mdosi ungaphindwa kabili, kodwa futhi, welule ukuchelela okungenani izinsuku ezimbalwa ukuze amanzi afakwe enhlabathini futhi angabe esasakazeka ngaphezulu kwendawo.
Ngemuva kwalokho isimo sezulu - uma ekwindla sesomile, ukuchelela kungangezelelwa ngo-25-30%, futhi uma lina nsuku zonke, bese kuba ngama-30%. Inhlabathi enobumba, njengoba sabhala ngenhla, ukuze sigweme izinkathazo, kungcono ukungazithinti nhlobo, engeza amaphesenti ayi-15 ukuya kwangama-sandy esimweni sokuqala.
Indlela yokuchelela kabusha kwamanzi
Ungasho ngokuphephile "noma yini" bese uyiqeda. Kepha eqinisweni, okuningi kuya ngohlobo lomhlabathi nokuthi umswakama ubanjwa kangakanani. Zama ukungathuli futhi usungeze isiqu. Buyela emuva usuka enkabeni yamasentimitha ayi-12-16 bese uthambisa ngokunensa inhlabathi kusuka kwi-hose noma uphathe amabhakede ukuze ungenzi iphutha ngobuningi uma umuntu ethanda ukunemba.
Uma inhlabathi inesisindo, ungakopela, unikezwe ukuthi amanzi awagcini kahle. Bese kuthi lapho uzungeza umqhele, ngokucophelela, ungazami ukulimaza izimpande, yenza imisele ngokushayela izixaka ezijule cishe ngemitha bese uzikhipha. Ububanzi bezigxobo kufanele bube bukhulu, okungenani amasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20, ukuze kuthululelwe amanzi amaningi kubo bese ungalindi isikhathi eside kuze kube yilapho kuxakwe.
Uma inhlabathi iyisicaba, ichernozems, loams, sandam sandy, grey ihlathi lenhlabathi, njalonjalo, kwanele ukubeka i-hose ngaphansi komqhele, ukwehla usuka esiqwini ibanga eliboniswe yithi bese ulandela imitha yokusebenzisa amanzi ukuthi isetshenziswe kangakanani.
Uma inhlabathi isikhululekile, isihlabathi esingokoqobo ne-hose ingasusa izimpande, kuzofanela ume ne-hose bese uyifafaza kulo lonke umucu osondelene nesiqu (ungazwela kuphela futhi unethemba lokuthi unezihlahla ezimbalwa).
Ekuphetheni, ngalabo abangenawo amamitha amanzi. Yonke into ilula: thatha isitophuwashi (yizo zonke izingcingo), faka i-hose ebhakedeni bese ucindezela ukuqala, lapho nje ibhakede ligcwele, cindezela ukuqeda, uzokuqonda ukuthi mangaki amasekhondi noma imizuzu (konke kuncike kwengcindezelo) ibhakede lakho lizogcwaliswa . Kuzosala ukubala ukuthi kuthatha imizuzu emingaki ukubeka i-hose kulayini osondelene nomgqomo, ukuphuza ikhofi futhi ubheke ngaphandle efasiteleni ukuthi umhlabathi ugcotshwe kanjani ngokudingekayo, noma kunalokho, kunomswakama odingeka kakhulu!
