I-Italy enelanga, ebukekayo nenemibala ifaka abaklami, abaculi nabalimi. Ubuhle bezindawo ezihlala ngaphansi kwazo, izingadi namagceke ziphinda zibuyele endaweni yazo ezungeze umhlaba. Isimo sezulu esibi kakhulu asihlukile. Ngaphandle komkhawulo ekukhetheni kwezitshalo, umbala wensimu yase-Italiya ungaphindwaphindwa eCentral Russia. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga nje ukulandela amanye ama-canon wokuhlela nokuthola ezinye izindlela zezinkanyezi ezikhanyayo ezingadini zaseMedithera.
Isitayela sase-Italy kumklamo wesimoIsitayela saseNtaliyane siyindawo ebonakalayo kalula yokwakheka kwendawo, enikela ukungezelela njalo kubumnandi bokubukeka okukhanyayo okuningizimu. Lesi sitayela sokwakheka komhlaba ukugeleza kwesitayela esijwayelekile, silula ngokwakhiwa, silalela ubuciko bejometri nokuvumelanisa, kepha singeza imininingwane ekhanyayo, ama-accents okwakha izakhiwo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zobumbi ezingalindelekile nokuzilungiselela isisekelo esihle kakhulu. Akunasinye isitayela, futhi bayayihlonipha i-silhouette nefomu, baphinde bethule kahle izinto ezincane zokwakha nezinto zokwakha ingadi.
Ukukhuleka zombili iRenaissance, i-Antiquity neBaroque, izingadi zase-Italy zaduma ngokuyinhloko ngomkhathi wazo. Akukho lutho oluyindida kubo, futhi ngasikhathi sinye - akukho lutho olujabulisayo. Lesi yinsimu lapho edala khona ukuvumelana okuvela ezintweni ezingenangqondo futhi banikezela ukukhumbula ukuthi ukucaca nobumsulwa bemigqa kuhlala kuyizisombululo ezingcono kakhulu. Izindawo zokuphumula ezithandekayo ezigcwele umthamo okhethekile, zinikeza izindawo zokuhamba kuzo zombili izinhliziyo nezinhliziyo, ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwama-accents kanye nokufudumala kwephalethi, vumela izingadi zase-Italy zidale umuzwa wokuphazamiseka okuphelele okuvela ezweni langaphandle. Kubonakala sengathi bathwala izivakashi ngesikhathi nangesikhala, benikela ukukhohlwa konke okubalindele ngaphandle kwemingcele yesayithi futhi bazivumele bajabulele ubuhle beparadesi.
Ukusuka kungatholakali kuze kufinyeleleke
Ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, ingadi yase-Italy isikhathi eside yayibonakala ingumbukwane, kunzima ukufeza iphupho. Kepha, njenganoma yisiphi isitayela sokuklanywa komhlaba, e-Italy ungazama, bheka izixazululo ezingekho emthethweni nokwazi ukufaka imibala emzimbeni. Ngenxa yokuthi ingadi yase-Italiya ichaza uhlaka, umqondo wombala kanye nomlingiswa, futhi ayidingi ukubambelela ngokungaboni kumakhanoni, ukukhetha okulungile kwezitshalo nezinto zokwenziwa kukuvumela ukuba ufinyelele umphumela ofanayo usebenzisa izitshalo ezihluke kakhulu. Noma isiphi isiko lengadi elitshalwa ezimeni eziseningizimu ezinesincintisana nalo ngobulukhuni obukhulu kakhulu bebusika. Futhi “amakhadi avakashelwayo” wezindawo zase-Italy angashintshwa nezitshalo ezizizwa zimnandi kulayini wethu ophakathi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kulula kakhulu ukuhlanganisa umqondo wengadi yase-Italy ngokuhlelela kahle nokukhethwa ngokucophelela kwezitshalo, ezifundeni ezinobusika obunzima, isitayela sase-Italy siyivelakancane kakhulu ekuqambeni ngokuphelele yonke insiza yendawo. Le ndawo yokwakheka komhlaba ibizwa kufanele ngokuthi enye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu zensimu, kudalwa "amakamelo ayimfihlo" noma amazinga wokuqamba. Ngokwesiko, yingxenye kuphela yesakhiwo noma into ehlukile eyabelwe engadini yase-Italy, ehlanganisa isitayela saseMedithera neminye imijikelezo evamile noma yendawo engxenyeni esele yesikwele. Into ukuthi ingadi yase-Italy idinga ukunakekelwa ngokungakhathali. Ubuningi bezinto ezi-topiary nezindawo ezinkulu ngaphansi kwezingadi zokubumba, ukusetshenziswa kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo eziqhakaza ezidinga ukunakwa nokunakekelwa, ingasaphathwa eyokugqoka okungaxhunyiwe, ukunakekela ukwakheka nezinye izinto, kwenza kube nengqondo ukuhlola amandla akho nokusebenzisa isitayela endaweni enjalo, unakekele Ungasindi kakhulu.
Kunoma iyiphi insimu yase-Italy, kufanelekile ukugqamisa ezimbili zezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu nezinqumayo zomklamo:
- Isakhiwo esiyisisekelo nezinto zokwakha isitayela. Akufanele zihluka ngisho nasesimweni sezulu esihluke ngokuphelele, ngoba "izinkomba" eziphambili ezibona ukukhonjwa kwesitayela, azinakuphinda futhi zingahambisani.
- "Ukugcwalisa" yizinto zokwakha nezitshalo ezisiza ukubumba ingadi. Ukuzikhethela kwabo kusivumela ukuthi sivumelanise isitayela eseningizimu kanye namaqiniso ebusika obunzima, sibheke imininingwane yendawo, izici zesimo sezulu kanye namathuba ekukhetheni izinhlobo nezinhlobo, izinhlobo zamatshe, izinhlobo zezindishi, njll.
Ingadi yase-Itali ayisiyo ingadi enesakhiwo esihlelayo. Lesi yisisombululo esihle kakhulu sengadi emthambekeni noma endaweni engalingani, noma "iphrofayili" eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu yendawo. Njengoba kungokwesitayela saseNtaliyane ukuthi umehluko wokuphakama, amabala, izitebhisi, izingxenye ezibuyiselwe emuva zidlalwa kangcono, lesi sitayela singanconywa okokuqala kulabo abafuna isixazululo senkinga yezindawo ezingalingani. Lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukudala ingadi yase-Italy ezindaweni ezinephrofayili "eyisicaba": ukulingisa noma izinguquko zokufakelwa ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifanayo nokwehluka kwemvelo, futhi isitayela ngokwaso sinemibono eminingi ethokozisayo lapho kuklanywa izindawo ezinkulu zosizo.
Into esemqoka engadini yase-Italy ukubusa kwama-evergreens, oluhlaza okotshani, olula wejometri nelitshe elikhanyayo. Kepha esakhiweni nasekukhetheni kwezitshalo eziqhakazayo kunezici eziningi ezihlukile.
Isitayela sase-Italy kumklamo wesimoIzisekelo zokuklama ingadi yase-Italy
Isisekelo sezingadi zaseNtaliyane ukuvumelanisa nokwakheka okuqinile. Kumaphrojekthi, konke kuthobela i-geometry yasendulo. Ama-Axes (amathrekhi) nezikhungo zokuhlanganisa zibeka ithoni kuwo wonke umklamo - izinto eziphoqelekile ezichaza futhi zibeke isitayela.
Ama-Axes kufanele abekwe noma uhlela indawo ehlukile (ngokwesibonelo, indawo yokuzijabulisa noma insimu eyimfihlo) ngesitayela saseNtaliyane. Babeka ithoni yokuhleleka futhi bakhombise ukuqondisa okuyinhloko kokunyakaza. Ngokwesitayela saseNtaliyane, izimbazo eziyinhloko, ezinde kanye nezimbazo ezilandelanayo ezihamba ngazinye, ziya ngakwesobunxele kuyo, lapho izinto eziphambili nezakhi - izikhungo zokuhlanganisa - zihlala zihlukaniswa. Ingadi akufanele ibe ukwahlukana okukhohlisayo futhi okuyinkimbinkimbi - konke kuchazwe ngemigqa elula, lapho izinto eziphambili zefomu eliqinile zihlelwe khona. Futhi udinga ukuqala kulokho okubaluleke kakhulu kwezakhiwo zesakhiwo - indlu, enye nenye ngokufaka izinto ezisele zokwakha.
Izikhungo zokuqamba zesitayela sase-Italy:
1. Isikhungo sokuqala sokuhlanganisa indlu. I-axis ephakathi ihlala ibekwa ukuze indlu iqhubeke ihlala kuyo noma ohlangothini lokuqala lwe-perpendicular iye ku-axis ephakathi nendawo yensimu.
2. Parterre. Ingadi eyicaba, etholakala endaweni enkulu ngokufanelekile engxenyeni ethe xaxa yensimu noma eduze kwendlu, iyisikhungo nendawo enkulu yokuhamba, egcwele imikhosi yomkhosi. Imibhede yezimbali nemithombo, i-pergolas nezindlela ezihlangana ngezindlela, okwenza kube yindawo yokuhamba yepaki egcwele ngejometri. Izitebele zisebenzisa izifanekiso ezisebenzayo, zisekela ama-lianas, zivame ukukunciphisa umkhawulo kusukela engadini ngodonga lwamatshe noma ukulingisa kwenkundla yemidlalo.
3. Amachibi noma uchungechunge lwamachibi, umthombo noma uchungechunge lwemithombo. Akunakwenzeka ukucabanga ngengadi yase-Italy ngaphandle kwezidumbu zamanzi. Ipulazi eliyindilinga eliyindilinga elinomthombo we-multi-tiered classic noma isithombe esibaziwe enkabeni ngomunye nje umehluko. Imithombo yaseRoma ebekwe odongeni, imodeli ephathekayo ecwebile, amachibi "amaflethi" oyindilinga oyindilinga, oyisikwele noma oval ayizikhungo ezibonakalayo ezigcwalisa izingadi zase-Italy ngokuphila.
4. Ingadi Yemfihlo, noma i-Secret Corner (giardino segreto). Leli ikona lifihlwe kunoma yikuphi ukubuka, kuvalwe ngokuphelele izindonga eziluhlaza noma zamatshe, eziklanyelwe ukuba yodwa, ukuzindla nokuzola. Lesi ngesinye sezimpawu ezaziwa kakhulu zesitayela saseNtaliyane. AmaGiardino segretos ajwayele ukufakelwa ngokwehlukana, aphefumulelwa ngumbuso oyingqayizivele wezimbali ezinkulisa ezimangalisayo, lapho amabhentshi azungezwe imibhede yezimbali eqinile, imibhede yezimbali eyimithi enempilo nenamakha.
5. Indawo yokuzijabulisa - ithala noma indawo enkulu egandayiwe enefenisha yengadi, ifenisha entofontofo nengadi yephothi. Imvamisa indawo enkulu yokuzijabulisa nayo itholakala eduze nedamu. Nomaphi lapho ibekwe khona, isitayela saseNtaliyane ngaso sonke isikhathi siyenza iphole, ibe nesithunzi futhi ibe yodwa ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukugoqwa kwamatshe, ipulatifomu yokhuni noma i-ceramic tile yokuhlobisa, ukunciphisa indawo yokuzijabulisa akuyona into esemqoka kwisitayela sase-Italy (njengesitayela noma umlingisi wefenisha). Into esemqoka ukulula nenduduzo, ukusetshenziswa kwendawo enkulu yensimu yamabhodwe. Njengoba kunendawo eyanele yendawo, indawo enkulu yokuzijabulisa ingezwa nge-arbor ephakanyisiwe noma i-patio ene-canopy, amakhona afihliweyo wokuphuza itiye namabhentshi.
Izinto zokwakha nezinto ezejwayelekile
Ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha umkhathi okhethekile kubaluleke kakhulu. Ezingadini zase-Italiya, kukhethwa izinto zemvelo ezinomlingani ofudumele ezikhumbuza ilanga nelimatshe le-sandwich Apennines. Itshe elikhanyayo nelifudumele, elikhethwe emadwaleni endawo, kanye nobucwebe bamathoni afudumele kakhulu, balingisa isimo sokuphumula kwelanga ngisho nasezimweni zezulu ezinzima. Itshe lekhilimu, izithunzi ze-terracotta futhi zimhlophe ngombala noma ngezinto zokuhlobisa yizimpawu ezinhle kakhulu zomhlaba. Ngaphandle kokuthi isitayela sase-Italiya, okokuqala, amatshe emvelo, izinkuni ezidwetshwe, itshe lokufakelwa nokhonkolo, "okuphakelayo" okulungile, nakho kuzodlala indima efanayo, ikakhulukazi uma isabelomali sinqunyelwe. Umehluko wokukhanya nobumnyama kwisitayela sase-Italiya utholakala ngokusebenzisa izinto okufanele zibe lula ngokwedlula ukukhanya okuluhlaza kwezitshalo.
Izinto ezijwayelekile zesitayela sase-Italy:
- amathala nezingadi zezinga;
- ukusekela izindonga nezindonga ezomile;
- izindonga eziphakeme;
- izinqa;
- izitebhisi
- imigwaqo;
- amabala;
- isithombe esibunjiweyo (esasendulo);
- izitsha zobumba zezitshalo.
Izesekeli nokuhlobisa kwisitayela sase-Italy khetha "okukhulu". Akunemininingwane emincane engabeka iziqukathi ezinhle zezitshalo. Akunakwenzeka ukuthi ucabange ngengadi yase-Italy ngaphandle kokubaza. Imidwebo yasendulo ibonakaliswa emithonjeni, emigodini nasezimpondweni, emgodini wokugunda, emibhedeni yezimbali, ekugcineni kwezindlela noma ezimpambanweni zawo. Ngokwesiko, kwisitayela saseNtaliyane, izikebhe ziyashaywa - ngosizo lomngcele osikiwe, ozimele abaningana bezinhlaka ezinhlangothini noma ezibekwe epulatifomu eyindilinga egandayiwe.
Isitayela sase-Italy kumklamo wesimoImibhede yezimbali ezinhlaka eziluhlaza okotshani
Isikhala esiphakathi kwezikhungo zokuhlanganisa nokwakha izimbazo, ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezihlukile, sishaywa futhi sigcwaliswa ngosizo lwezitshalo - emibhedeni yezimbali eqinile yesimo sejometri, imibhede yezimbali yokuhlobisa ephezulu, imibhede noma imbhede yezimbali ekhulisiwe. Imibhede yezimbali ayigcini nje ngokugcwalisa izindiza, kodwa futhi iveze iphalethi yombala, ivuselele isisekelo esiluhlaza engadini bese uyigcwalisa ngokuphila. Kwisitayela saseNtaliyane, imibhede yezimbali yezindlela ezilula iyasetshenziswa - imibhede yezimbali eyindilinga, eyisikwele noma eyindilinga, enezinto eziwuchungechunge noma ezilula.
Noma yiliphi i-flowerbed lilinganiselwe emngceleni oluhlaza okiciweyo owenziwe nge-boxwood, okugcizelela imigqa futhi kwakha uhlaka oluhlaza ngokusobala noma yini.
Imibhede yezimbali igcwele ngokususelwa kwephalethi yendabuko "yesiNtaliyane" - inhlanganisela yewolintshi nophuzi ngokubomvu nokublue. Isitayela sase-Italy, ungenza i-palette monochrome, noma ungagqamisa umbala owodwa ovelele, unciphise imibala yesisekelo emsulwa nge-pastel. Kepha umoya ofanayo ohlangana nawo emigwaqweni yamadolobha ase-Italiya awunakuphindwa kabusha ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwamathoni amibalabala ahlanzekile.
Emgqeni ophakathi nendawo, izitshalo ezijwayelekile zase-Italy kulula ukuthatha indawo yazo, futhi ezinye izinkanyezi zaseMedithera zikhula kahle ngisho nasezimweni zezulu ezinzima. Isibonelo, i-yucca ifana nentambo. Izintandokazi zesitayela sase-Italy yiziphi izitshalo ezinamaqabunga akhonjisiwe, unqenqema wesiliva nezimbali ezinkulu kakhulu, ezikhanyayo ngombala ohlanzekile.
Imibhede yezimbali yase-Italy ingagcwaliswa ngama-geraniums, i-lavender, iminduze ne-daylilies, iVeronica, i-milkweed, i-sage, amakhambi - kusuka ku-tarragon, i-basil nehisopi kuya ku-thyme. Izinkanyezi ezihanjiswe ngesiliva - umhlonyane, ama-clove, i-bluehead, i-cleaner zihlala zilungile. Amacembe akhonjisiwe nezimbali ezinhle - isithunzi se-irises, gladioli, iminsalo yokuhlobisa. Ungakhohlwa ngokubaluleka kokugcwalisa inhlabathi ngokuphelele futhi wethule ama-accents aluhlaza okhanyayo. Izinkinga ezinjalo ziyaxazululwa ngosizo lwe-mint, i-lemon balm, i-periwinkle, i-nephrolepsis namanye ama-ferns. Kwabashayeli bezindiza, isitayela sase-Italy semukelwa ngama-marigolds kanye ne-pelargoniums.
Ezicijile, imidwebo eluhlaza okotshani kanye nezitshalo zamathambo
Izithsingi eziluhlaza eziluhlaza kusuka ku-yew, privet noma ezinye izitshalo ezisetshenziselwe kahle isimo sezulu esinzima kuzokwenza kube nombono ofanayo nezindonga eziluhlaza ezivela ezitshalweni zase-Italy eziningi. Izindawo eziphakeme noma eziphansi, ezihlukanisa noma zidala ingemuva, zivikela futhi zihlobisa, ama-hedge aluhlaza ayahlanganiswa nezitshalo ezigadiwe ngazinye - amakholomu, amasilinda, imibhoshongo, obelisks oluhlaza, izikhala noma okunye okuqoshiwe okuluhlaza okuvela kumakholamu kuya ezilwaneni, ukulingisa i-amphorae, njll. izihlahla zibeka amaphuzu agxilisayo bese zengeza ama-accents aqonde mpo kumdlalo wejometri ophelele wemibhede yezimbali.
Ngokuphathelene nokubuyisa izihlahla, yonke into ilula kakhulu: izihlahla ze-cypress, isiko elibonakala kakhulu lezindawo ezingamaNtaliyane, lingashintshwa kalula ngomgwaqo ophakathi nge-thuja, cypress noma ngesihlahla sonwele saseYurophu emi. Futhi ama-accents akhethekile nokugunda, amaphuzu agxile kuzohlinzeka ngama-cherries okuhlobisa, izihlahla ze-apula, ama-alimondi noma i-acacia emhlophe. Ngisho nezihlahla ezidumile zikaphayini zishintshwe ngempumelelo yi-Weymouth pine.
Ezihlahlwini ezinesisekelo esikulayini ophakathi nendawo, kufanele unake izihlahla zasolwandle, i-hawthorn, ezikhipha esikhundleni esifanele izihlahla zomnqumo ngesiliva goof, derens, ezizosiza ukwengeza ubukhazikhazi nokugqama okuqondile kokuqanjwa. Isihlahla esiyinhloko sengadi yase-Italy, kungakhathalekile ukuthi isimo sezulu siyini. INdlovukazi Yezingadi ngezingoma eziqokonyayo zezimbali eziphikisana nesizinda sombala oluhlaza obukhulu ngendlela ekhethekile. Umncintiswano oyinhloko wama roses yi-hydrangea. Kepha kuphela ngalo mbhangqwana ukukhethwa kwezihlahlana ezinhle eziqhakazayo akunqunyelwe. Engadini yase-Italiya, kokubili i-spirea kanye ne-mock-up, ne-quince yaseJapan, kanye nomshanelo, kanye nesihlahla esinjenge-St John, ne-shrubby cinquefoil, kanye ne-stefanander kubukeka kahle.
Kunzima ukucabanga ngengadi yase-Italy ngaphandle kwemivini kwizisekele. I-Trellis ngaphansi kwe-clematis noma i-rose, izindonga eziluhlaza okotshani kanye nama-facade amagilebhisi amantombazane, i-pergolas enamagilebhisi izoba ngaphezu kokufanele. Njenge-wisteria, ukwengeza i-charm ekhethekile yaseningizimu engadini.
Isitayela sase-Italy kumklamo wesimoKonke ukunakwa eqoqweni lobumba
Okubunjiwe nokwenziwe ishubhu - isisekelo sokuklanywa kwengadi yase-Italy. Zonke izinhlobo zezitshalo zitshalwa ethangini - kusuka ezivinini, izihlahla ezinkulu nezihlahla eziqhakaza ngezimbali kuya kuma-herbaceous perennials, imifino, amakhambi abilayo kanye nasehlobo. Izitshalo ezengeziwe engadini emabhubhu ahlukahlukene, iziqukathi noma amabhodwe, kungcono. Babeka yonke indawo yamahhala yethala noma indawo yokuzijabulisa, bababeke ezitebhisini zezitebhisi, emphemeni wendlu, emigwaqweni yokuhamba, enkabeni yamapulatifomu, bawasebenzise njengezici zokuheha amehlo, bagcizelele ukufana nokuma kombhede wezimbali.
Njengezinkanyezi ezibunjiwe nezishubile, ungakhula noma isiphi isiko ejwayelekile yezindawo zase-Italy - kusuka kuminqumo nemifino, isalolina, i-bougainvillea, i-lavender, i-myrtle, i-agave, i-cypress, i-cypress, i-oleander, i-citrus, i-almond, umkhi, i-pomegranate.Akuyona indawo yokugcina eqoqweni lesitsha okufanele ihlalwe ngamabhasi agundiwe - izibonelo zobuciko be-topiary.
Kepha uma kulula ukuzula ekukhetheni kwezitshalo - vele ukhethe izitshalo zaseMedithera - khona-ke kungathandeki ukweqa umthetho owodwa. Isitayela saseNtaliyane isitayela sobumba nemikhumbi yobumba. Futhi ekukhetheni amabhodwe nasezitsheni kuhlale kungcono ukugxila ezintweni zobumba. I-terracotta ebizayo futhi ebizayo akuyona ukuphela kwendlela. Ngemuva kwakho konke, ama-ceramics angamelana kakhulu neqhwa, nesabelomali esithe xaxa.
