ICalceolaria isitshalo se-herbaceous esinezimbali ezinothile esikhule endaweni yesiko njengendawo yonyaka noma e-biennial. Unqoba ngezimpawu zakhe ezinhle ezicijile zinezindebe ezimbili, izindebe eziphansi zinkulu, zidumbile, ziyindilinga, futhi izindebe eziphakeme zincane kakhulu, zibonakala kalula. Ngokufana kwabo bangaphandle, babebizwa ngokuthi "izicathulo" noma "wallet".
UCalceolaria Fothergill, ibanga 'Walter Shrimpton'. © Teddington GardenerKuya kuhlobo lweCalceolariaICalceolaria) ingezinhlobo ezingama-400 zomndeni wama-oricaceous. Kwezentela yamaNgisi, umndeni wakwaCalceolaria (I-Calceolariaceae) Izitshalo zasekhaya - iNingizimu neCentral America. Kuhunyushwe kusuka esiLatini, igama elithi "calceolaria" lisho "isicathulwana esincane."
Abamele lolu hlobo bangotshani, izihlahlana nezihlahlana ezinamaqabunga aphambene noma abe nomhlophe. Izimbali ezine-calyx enamabala amane ne-nimbus ekhanyayo enezimbambo ezimbili (izindebe eziphansi zivame ukuba zikhulu). Ama-Stamens 2 noma 3. Izithelo - ibhokisi.
Izinhlobo eziningi zihlobisa. Lapho kwakhiwa izinhlobo eziningi zasengadini ze-calceolaria, kwasungulwa izinhlobo zohlobo lwe-corymbosa, uC arachnoidea, uC crenatiflora nezinye. I-Hyceid calceolaria enombala ophuzi, owolintshi, obomvu, onsomi, kanye ne-corolla enamabala noma ebunjiwe, ikhula ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezipholile, ezisakazwa ngembewu nange ukusika.
ICalceolaria ingesinye sezitshalo ezithandwayo ezigeleza intwasahlobo, yize kunzima kunokuba zikhule futhi zisitshala ngaphakathi (isitshalo sithanda amakamelo apholile). Izimbali zeCalceolaria zisesimweni esihle kakhulu - zibumbekile futhi zinezindebe ezimbili (umlomo ongezansi mkhulu, unokudumba, uyindilinga, futhi umlomo ongenhla mncane kakhulu, awubonakali kalula). Izimbali zivame ukumbozwa ngezinhlobonhlobo zamabala, amachashazi. Isikhathi sezimbali siqala ngoMashi kuya kuJuni inyanga eyodwa. Kunezimbali ezingama-18 kuye kwezingu-55 ezitshalweni.
ICalceolaria. © UMark KentIzici Ezikhulayo
Ukushisa: ICalceolaria ithanda igumbi elipholile, 12-16 ° C. Emakamelweni afudumele kakhulu ehla efihlekile noma izimbali.
Isibani: Ukukhanya okukhanyiselwe kahle kuyakhethelwa, akubekezeleli ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Kuhle ukubeka efasiteleni elisempumalanga, enyakatho noma enyakatho-ntshonalanga.
Ukunisela: Isigaxa esikhulu, sobumba akufanele some.
Umswakama womoya: ICalceolaria idinga umswakama ophakeme kakhulu, ngoba lokhu amabhodwe anezitshalo abekwa kutreyi obanzi ngamatshe amatshe noma ngobumba olwandisiwe. Amaqabunga e-pubescent e-calceolaria awathandi ukuwa kwamanzi phezu kwawo, ngakho-ke lesi sitshalo sifafazwa, sizama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umswakama uwela kuphela ezimbali.
Ukufakelwa: Inhlabathi - izingxenye ezi-2 ze-turf, izingxenye ezi-2 zeqabunga, 1 inxenye ye-peat nengxenye eyi-1/2 yesihlabathi. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, isitshalo siyakhishwa.
Ukuzala: Imbewu ehlwanyelwe ngoMeyi-Julayi, hhayi ukufafaza ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi nangokukhetha okumbili. Imbewu yeCalceolaria imila ekushiseni okungaba ngu-18 ° C. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula nge-calceolaria ekhaya kungumsebenzi onzima, kulula ukuthola isitshalo esivele sinezimbali.
ICalceolaria. © UMark KentUkunakekelwa kweCalceolaria
ICalceolaria ithanda ukukhanya okugqamile, kusukela elangeni eliqondile lesi sitshalo sinombala. Ifanele ukulinyelwa emafasiteleni asentshonalanga nasempumalanga. Emafasiteleni aseningizimu, i-calceolaria kufanele ifakwe umbala elangeni eliqondile isebenzisa indwangu noma iphepha le-translucent (i-gauze, i-tulle, iphepha lokulandela). Ikhula kahle ewindini lasenyakatho. Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, isitshalo sidinga umthunzi omncane. Ekwindla nasebusika, ungasebenzisa ukukhanya okwengeziwe ngamalambu we-fluorescent.
Izinga lokushisa lokuqukethwe kwe-calceolaria kuyo yonke izinkathi zonyaka lilungile, esifundeni se-12-16 ° C.
Ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza, lesi sitshalo siniselwa njalo ngamanzi athambile, axazululiwe, njengoba ungqimba olungaphezulu lwesahlukwana esingaphansi loma, ukuvimbela ukungangeni kwamanzi epanini. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukunisela kufanele kuncishiswe, ngezikhathi ezithile kuthambisa inhlabathi futhi kuvimbele i-substrate ukuba yomiswe ngokuphelele. Lapho ihlumela elisha liqala ukukhula, ukunisela kancane kancane kuqalelwa phansi.
ICalceolaria idinga umswakama ophezulu. Ukufafaza isitshalo akunconyiwe.
Ukuqinisekisa umswakama owanele, imbiza enesitshalo ibekwa epulini eligcwele amanzi kanye namatshe amatshe noma i-peat emanzi, ubumba olunwetshiwe. Kuyalulekwa ukukhula i-calceolaria emabhodweni afakwe emabhodweni. Isikhala esiphakathi kwalemikhumbi emibili sigcwalisiwe nge-peat, okumele ihlanganiswe njalo.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kuqala amasonto amabili ngemuva kokutshala ezimbizeni futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube sekuqhakameni. Njalo emavikini ama-2 anikezwa umanyolo wamaminerali.
Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, i-calceolaria inganqunywa futhi ifakwe endaweni epholile, enomthunzi izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2, ngezikhathi ezithile ukuthambisa inhlabathi (akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukomiswa komhlaza womhlaba). Lapho ukwanda komhlaba kuqala ukukhula, izitshalo zichayeka endaweni ekhanyayo lapho ziqhakaza. Izimbali ziqala ezinyangeni ezi-2 ngaphambili kunezitshalo ezitshalwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, kepha ziqonde endaweni ethile futhi zilahlekelwe yisici sokuhlobisa i-calceolaria encane. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukuyikhulisa kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ngonyaka.
Njengoba lesi sitshalo siphulukana nokuhlobisa kwalo ngobudala, akufanele sigcwaliswe, kodwa kufanele sishintshwe esisha.
ICalceolaria. © UMark KentUkuzala kweCalceolaria
ICalceolaria isakazwa ngembewu.
Ngezimbali zasekwindla, zihlwanyelwa ngoMashi, entwasahlobo - ngoJuni.
Imbewu emincane (ku-1 g cishe izingcezu eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-30) ihlwanyelwa ebusweni be-substrate, ayimboziwe ngenhlabathi. Izitshalo zimboza ngephepha, elithambisa umswakama ngezikhathi ezithile. Lapho izithombo zikhula amaqabunga amabili angempela, ziyabotshwa. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukulungiselela ingxube yobumba, izingxenye ezi-2 ze-humus, umhlaba onqenqemayo kanye no-peat nengxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi iyathathwa.
Imbewu yeCalceolaria ku-peat ikhula kahle. Ukuze izitshalo ziqhakaze maphakathi no-Mashi, imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngoJulayi 5 kuya ku-peat udoti, ngaphambili owabulala amagciwane kusuka kubola ngokushisa kuya ku-90-100 ° C. Ukunciphisa i-acidity, i-chalk yomhlabathi yengezwe ku-peat (15-20 g nge-1 kg ye-peat). Ezingxenyeni ezi-7 ze-peat, kuthathwa ingxenye eyodwa yesihlabathi. Isendlalelo sihlanganiswe kahle. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngezikhathi, hhayi kufafazwe nge-peat. Izitshalo zimbozwe ngopulasitiki noma ngengilazi. Uma amafomu okugcotshwa ngaphakathi kwengilazi noma ifilimu, isembozo kufanele siguqulwe ukuvikela umswakama ungangeni ezitshalweni. Esikhathini esizayo, kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-peat ihlala imanzi.
Ngemuva kokwakhiwa kwendawo ethengisa izinto, izitshalo ziyabiwa okwesibili, zidluliselwe kwizimbiza ezinamasentimitha ayi-7 bese zibekwa emafasiteleni agqamile. NgoSepthemba, itshalwe kabusha kumabhodwe ayisentimitha ayi-9-11. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa kwesibili, nciza izitshalo, ushiye amaqabunga ama-2-3 amaqabunga, kusukela kumabala lapho kuvela amahlumela.
Amabhishi eCalceolaria nawo akhiwa ngokuncipha, i.e. ukususwa kwamahlumela we-lateral akhula kusuka kuma-axils amaqabunga.
NgoJanuwari - uFebhuwari, zidluliselwa kumabhodwe amakhulu anengxube enzima kakhulu yomhlaba nenempilo. Ezitshalweni esezikhulile, isakhi esingaphansi kwe-humic, i-acidic kancane (pH cishe ngo-5.5) kufanelekile. Ukuhlanganisa i-substrate, ungathatha izingxenye ezi-2 ze-sod, humus kanye ne-peat yenhlabathi kanye nengxenye eyi-1 yesihlabathi ngokufakwa komanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali ngesilinganiso se-2-3 g nge-1 kg yengxube. ICalceolaria iqhakaza izinyanga ezingama-8-10 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Ubunzima obungahle bube khona
Minyaka yonke, izitshalo zitshintshwa - zisatshalaliswa yimbewu noma zithole amasampula wezimbali, ngaphandle kokuzishiya unyaka olandelayo.
Ekushiseni okuphezulu nokuntuleka komswakama, amaqabunga ayabuna kanye nobudala bezitshalo busheshe.
UCalceolaria Mexican. © Elena CharestIzinhlobo
I-Mexico Calceolaria - ICalceolaria mexicana
Zonke izinhlobo ze-calceolaria ngenxa yemibala yazo ekhanyayo kunzima ukuzihlanganisa nezinye izitshalo. I-calceolaria yaseMexico iyahluka. Izimbali zayo ezincane, ezinobubanzi obungamamitha ayi-5 kuphela, izimbali eziphuzi ezikhanyayo zibukeka kahle kuphela lapho zidlula khona ngamaqabunga okuhlobisa noma ekwakhekeni okukhona osebeni lomfula. Kulezi zimo, ama-corollas abo abukeka njengezibani ezincane zaseChina.
Ngokuya ngezimo, izihlahla ze-calceolaria zingafinyelela ubude obungu-20-50 cm. Ngokwemvelo, endaweni enomswakama enomhlabathi ovundile, ziyoba zinde. Emvelweni, lolu hlobo lukhula emithambekeni enezintaba zaseMexico, ngakho-ke ukhetha imfudumalo. Kodwa-ke, ukukhanya kwelanga kukhanya kahle kuphela ngokunisela okuningi. Izitshalo zivame ukuthela izithelo eziningi, zenze imbewu eningi.
I-calceolaria eyindilinga - iCalceolaria rugosa
Isitshalo sokuqala esihle kakhulu, esifana nefu lamaconsi aphuzi, silethwa eYurophu sivela eChile.
Umuthi ongapheli otshalwe njengesitshalo sasehlobo uhlukaniswa yisigaxa esivulekile, esinamahlamvu angama-25-50 cm ukuphakama. Amaqabunga amancane akha irosette. Izimbali zincanyana, zinobubanzi obungu-1.5 - 2 cm, ophuzi olumsulwa, kwezinye izinhlobo ezi-hybrid ezinamachashaza ansundu. Ngesikhathi sokuhlwanyela okujwayelekile, izimbali zihlala kusuka kuJuni ziye frost. Ukuqhakaza ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli, izithombo zikhule ezitsheni.
I-calceolaria ebekiweIzinhlobo:
IGoldbukett - izitshalo ezinkulu eziqhakaza izimbali ezinkulu ezingama-25-30 cm.
'I-Triomphe de Versailles' - izitshalo ezincane ezikhula ngokushesa ezimila ngo-35-50 cm ukuphakama.
Ukushona kwelanga (ICalceolaria x hybridus) - isitshalo esikhanyayo esikhanyayo sendlu nengadi! I-rosette ngayinye yamaqabunga aluhlaza obumnyama inamakhompiyutha amafushane afinyelela kwayi-10 ngezinsimbi eziphuzi, eziwolintshi noma ezibomvu. Ukuphakama kungamasentimitha ayi-15 ukuya ku-20. Iphikisana namaqhwa afinyelela ku-5 ° ะก.
