"Izintandokazi zonkulunkulu bamaGrikhi nababusi baseShayina" - ngakho-ke ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso zikhuluma peonies. Izinkomba zokuqala zazo njengezitshalo zokuhlobisa zivela ngekhulu lokuqala. n uh. E-China, ama-peonies ayesetshenziswa kabanzi emithini yabomdabu. Umlobi waseRoma uPliny uchaze i-peony njengesimbali esidala kunazo zonke izimbali ezitshaliwe.
I-Peonies yavela eRussia ngekhulu le-16. Lezi ikakhulukazi zaziyiz fomu zasendle futhi zitholakala kuphela ezingadini zabantu abacebile nasezivandeni okuthiwa zamakhemisi.
Ekupheleni kwe-XVIII - ukuqala kwekhulu le-XIX. ama-varietal peonies avela e-China angeniswa eFrance, futhi esesigabeni sesibili sekhulu le-XIX. izinhlobo ezinhle zazalaliswa lapho, manje okuwumhlobiso wezingadi: UMaxim Festival, uMarie Lemoine, uJonsie Monsieur, uFeliksi Cruz, uSara Bernhardt, uLe Sin nabanye abaningi.
Ngo-1903, kwasungulwa i-American Society of Peony Lovers eMelika. Ku-30s, abafuyi bezimpahla baseMelika bakwazile ukuwela izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zamakholoni futhi bathola nzalo engaphindeki kabili, ephindwe kabili futhi enemibala ekhanyayo nejusi yezimbali: I-Red Charm, iRed Red Rose, i-Angelo Cobb Freeborn, uHenry Boxtos, uDiane Pak, uCarol, uHelen Cowley, njll.
Umsebenzi omkhulu wokukhetha wenziwa ezweni lethu zombili ezingadini ze-botanical kanye nabalimi be-amateur. Inqwaba yezinhlobo zezinhlobo zokuqala yazalwa: I-Arkady Gaidar, i-Yubileiny, iLyubimets, Ekukhunjuleni kweGagarin, iVarenka (umhwebi uKrasnov N. S.); I-Iceberg, i-Evening Moscow, Ekukhunjuleni uPaustovsky, uYablochkin (A. A. Sosnovets); IRussia, uNadezhda, uMalume uVanya, uValentina Tereshkova (M. I. Akimov); Foam, Isithwathwa seqhwa (T.I. Fomina).
Kungani ama-peonies abukeka? Okokuqala, izinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezimo nemibala yezimbali, izihlahla ezihlobisa kakhulu iminyaka engama-25 kuye kwengama-30, isikhathi eside sezimbali (kufika ezinyangeni eziyi-1.5), ukumelana kwezimbali kusikwa. Okwesibili, ukuzivumelanisa kwabo okuhle nezimo zezulu ezahlukahlukene - kusuka ezingxenyeni eziseningizimu kuya enyakatho. Ngemuva kwakho konke i-peony ayesabi ubusika beqhwa futhi ikhula kahle ezindaweni eziyomile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobo ezifuywayo zivumelana kangcono nezimo zezulu zezwe lethu kunezinhlobo zokukhetha zakwamanye amazwe.
Ngokunikezwe ukuthi i-peony yisitshalo esidala, ukutshala kwayo okufanele kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukujula kwemigodi yokufika kufanele okungenani kube yi-60-70 cm. Lokhu kuvumela izihlahla ukuba zenze uhlelo olunamandla lwezimpande, lufinyelele ekujuleni okukhulu. Ibanga phakathi kwezihlahla ezingama-70-100 cm ngokuzayo lizothuthukisa ukucubungulwa kwezihlahla, futhi futhi liqinisekise ukusakazwa komoya okwanele futhi ngezinga elikhulu ukuvimbela ukubonakala kwezifo zamakhowe.
Kungcono ukutshala ama-peonies ezindaweni ezivulekile, ezinelanga, yize zibekezelela ukukhanya okuyingxenye yomthunzi. Emthunzini, akhula kahle, kepha awaqhakaza.
Inhlabathi iyathandeka i-loamy, ifakwa kahle futhi idonswa phansi, futhi ayikwazi ukubekezelela imashi emanzi. Ngakho-ke, uma esakhiweni segadi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba esondela ngaphezu kwama-80-90 cm kusuka enhlabathini yenhlabathi, khona-ke amahlahla kufanele atshalwe emigodini ephezulu noma ahlele imigodi yokudonsa. Emhlabathini wenhlabathi, iming ifiseleka - 200-300 g we lime nge-1 umgodi wokutshala.
Ngilungiselela imigodi kusengaphambili, ngoJulayi, ukuze ngesikhathi sokutshala umhlaba uzinze kahle kubo. Lapho ngilungiselela imigodi, ngihlehlisa ungqimba lomhlaba ongamasiko ongaphezulu, bese ngisusa wonke umhlaba. Ngiletha ama-15-20 kg womanyolo we-organic engxenyeni engezansi yomgodi (mhlawumbe inhlanganisela yomquba ojikelezayo nge-compost ne-peat), i-150-200 g ye-superphosphate noma i-300-400 g ye-phosphorite (isidlo sethambo) no-150-200 g we-potassium sulfate. Kwinhlabathi enobumba, ngifaka amabhakede angama-0.5-1 esihlabathi somfula kulengxube, enhlabathini enesihlabathi - amabhakede obumba 1-1,5. Ingxube yamanyolo, isihlabathi kanye nenhlabathi evundile evela ungqimba oluphezulu ihlanganiswe kahle futhi yafakwa emgodini; Ngithela cishe u-20 cm wenhlabathi evundile engadini kusuka phezulu, kungcono kwezinye izinkambiso.
Ngimba izihlahla zephungane ezihlose ukuhlukaniswa ngemuva kokuphothula ukwakheka kwezinso zokuvuselela ku-rhizome (yeqembu eliphakathi - kusukela ngo-Agasti 10-15 kuya maphakathi no-Septhemba). Ngigeza izimpande ngomfudlana wamanzi bese ngiwubeka ethunzini losuku lokubuna - bese ziphuka kancane ngesikhathi sokuhlukana. Ngihlukanise i-rhizome ibe yizingxenye nezinso ezinkulu ezingama-3-5 zokuvuselela. Ngicoca ngokucophelela intambo yezimpande kusuka kokubola, nginqume izimpande ezinesifo futhi ezifakiwe, ngifinyeze ezisele ukuya ku-10-15 cm. Nginciphisa ukuhlukaniswa amahora amaningi ngesixazululo esimnyama se-potanganum permanganate, emva kwalokho ngifafaze zonke izigaba ngamalahle ochotshoziwe, mhlawumbe ngokufakwa kwesibabule se-colloidal (20-30%). ) Ngemuva kokucutshungulwa okunjalo, ukuhlukaniswa komiswa emthunzini phakathi nosuku, ukuze kwakheke ungqimba wekakhokho ezintini, okuvimbela ukungena kwezicubu ze-pathogenic microflora emanxebeni.
Abanye abalimi be-amateur bahlukanisa izihlahla zibe izingxenye ezinkulu ngama-6 noma ngaphezulu amaqabunga wokuvuselela futhi bashiye ingxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yezimpande ngaphandle kokuthena. Ngonyaka wokuqala, lesi sitshalo sikhula ngokushesha ngenxa yezakhi eziqoqwe izimpande, kepha ukwakheka kwezimpande ezincane kuvinjelwe, okuthinta ukuthuthukiswa kwezihlahla ngeminyaka elandelayo. Ngangiqiniseka ukuthi kusukela ekuhlukaniseni ngama-buds ama-1-2 wonyaka we-3-4 ngemuva kokutshala, izihlahla ezigcwele ngokugcwele zikhula ngohlelo oluhle kakhulu lwezimpande, olunikeza ukuqhakaza okuningi.
Uma amasheya engatshalwanga ngokushesha, khona-ke abekwa ku-prikop ene-shaded, lapho angaba izinyanga ezi-1 - 1.5.
Ngitshala ama-peonies ukusuka engxenyeni yesibili ka-Agasti kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Okthoba. Into ebaluleke kakhulu lapho ukutshala kungafanele ukujula izinhlamvu zokuvuselela, kufanele kube ekujuleni okungadluli ku-5 cm, ngaphandle kwalokho ama-peonies azoqhakaza kahle ngokuzayo. Uma kungenjalo - zibashiye ebusweni - izitshalo zikhula kabi, ziyagula. I-Rhizome, kanye nezinso, kuyinto efiselekayo ukugcwalisa ngesihlabathi. Ukunisela ngemuva kokutshala kubaluleke kakhulu ekubolekeni okuhle, futhi esimweni sezulu esomile - kuze kube sekwindla. Indawo yokutshala abasha emgqeni ophakathi, uma izinsuku zokutshala zifinyelelwa, ayidingekile. Kodwa-ke, ngezinsuku zakamuva, kanye nasezifundeni ezisenyakatho nezabandayo, zimbozwe ungqimba lweqabunga, i-peat ephezulu noma umquba ongu-10-12 cm.
Abanye batshala ama-peony bush entwasahlobo. Kepha izitshalo zakha izimpande ezimbalwa zokusha, zikhule zingaguli futhi zigule. Uma kuvela isidingo esinjalo, ukufakelwa kwenziwa ngokushesha - ngokushesha lapho inhlabathi inyibilika. Ukutshala kuhlanganiswe ngokushesha nge-peat noma ngomquba ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama womhlaba isikhathi eside, futhi kuvame ukuniselwa esikhathini sezulu esomile.
Ngokutshala okufanele, izihlahla ezincane eminyakeni emibili yokuqala yokuthuthuka azidingi ukunakekelwa futhi zivundiswe ngomanyolo wamaminerali, zingabali ukhula, ukukhulula nokunisela. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ingxenye esemoyeni yesitshalo incane - 1-2 isuka ku-15-25 cm; Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka kohlelo lwezimpande kwenzeka, olungakakwazi ukuthola izakhi zokugqoka eziphezulu. Ngonyaka woku-1 nginikeza ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu ngokuhamba kwezinsuku eziyi-10-15:
- Ukudla koku-1 - 40-50 g we-urea (urea) nge-10 l lamanzi ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphindaphindeka kwengxenye yomoya;
- Ukuphaka 2nd - 40-50 g ye-urea ngokufakwa kwezinto zokulandela umkhondo kumalitha ayi-10 amanzi;
- Ukudla kwesithathu - 1 itafula ukulandelela izinto ngamalitha ayi-10 amanzi.
© Christer Johansson
Okokugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar ngisebenzisa i-sprayer engadini. Ngibachitha ekuseni noma kusihlwa. Ukuze uthole ukuthambisa okuhle kobuso bamaqabunga nge-10 l yesisombululo, engeza isipuni esingu-1 se-powder yokuwasha.
Kusukela ngonyaka wesithathu wokukhula, izihlahla zephungane ziqala ukuqhakaza kakhulu, bese ukugqokwa kwamaminerali aphezulu kuyadingeka. Imvamisa enkathini yentwasahlobo-ehlobo ngibanikeza amahlandla amathathu.
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukugqoka kokuqala entwasahlobo kwe-nitrogen-potaziyamu.: i-nitrogen - i-10-15 g, i-potassium - i-10 - 20 g. Ngisakaza umanyolo eqhweni noma ngokushesha nje lapho sehle sizungeze isihlahla. Ngemuva kokuhlakazwa, wona ngamanzi ancibilikayo azofika ezimpandeni. Ukufafaza umanyolo, kufanele ugweme ukuzithola entanyeni yesihlahla.
Ukuphaka 2nd - ngesikhathi sokuhluma: i-nitrogen - 8-10 g, phosphorus - 15-20 g ne-potassium - 10-15 g. Inhloso eyinhloko yokondliwa kwesibili ukuthola izimbali zekhwalithi enhle.
Ukudla kwesithathu - amasonto amabili emva kokuqhakaza izimbali: phosphorus - 15-20 g, potassium - 10-15 g. Lokhu kumanyanisa kunomthelela ekwakhekeni kwezimbali ezinkulu zokuvuselela futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuqinisekisa ukuqhakaza kwezinga eliphakeme ngonyaka olandelayo.
Ngifaka umanyolo ngesisombululo se-0.5-0.6% (50-60 g nge-10 l lamanzi) noma kwifomu elomile espilini elizungeze isihlahla ngaphambi kokunisela. Ukugqoka okwengeziwe kwe-foliar micronutrient kusebenza kakhulu ngale migomo.
Ama-Peony bush, anenhlamvu enkulu yamaqabunga, akhipha umswakama omningi, ngakho-ke isikhathi esingu-1 ngezinsuku eziyi-10-12 adinga ukuthambisa okuningi (amabhakede ama-3-4 esihlahleni ngasinye). Ukunisela kubaluleke kakhulu ekuqaleni kwehlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo nezimbali, kanye noJulayi, lapho ukwakheka kokuvuselelwa kwezinso kwenzeka. Ngemuva kokunisela, ngithukulula inhlabathi ezungeze izihlahla, ekuvumela ukuthi ugcine umswakama emhlabathini.
Ukuthola izimbali ezinkulu lapho ukhula ngokusika, kubalulekile ukuphina i-buds eseceleni lapho zifika ngosayizi wethanga. Uma ushiya la ma-buds, khona-ke isikhathi sezimbali nokuhlobisa izihlahla kuzonwetshwa. Kunconywa ukuthi eminyakeni engu-1 neyesi-2 ngemuva kokutshala, wonke ama-buds asuswe (ngonyaka we-2, ama-buds ama-1-2 angashiywa esihlahleni) ukwenza kusebenze ukukhula kwezimpande nokuhluma kwezihluma zokuvuselela. ; Kulokhu, ngonyaka we-3, isihlahla sikhula, bese kuqhakaza izimbali ezigcwele.
PeonyIzifo ezivame kakhulu ze-peony yi-grey bola (i-botritis), ukugqwala, kanye nohlamvu oluyindilinga lwamaqabunga.
Iziqu, ama-buds, amaqabunga athinteka ngokubola okungwevu.. Ngokuvamile amahlumela amancane entwasahlobo, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo, ahlupheke. Ukuhlanganiswa okumpunga kuvela ngaphansi kwesiqu, khona-ke isiqu simnyama kule ndawo, siphule futhi siwe. Ikakhulu lesi sifo sikhula esimweni sezulu esimanzi. Njengoba umenzeli obangela lesi sifo egcwala emhlabathini, entwasahlobo ngichitha amahlumela amabili ebhavu nenhlabathi ebazungezile ngesisombululo se-0.6- 0.7% se-oxychloride yethusi noma 1% Bordeaux liquid (ukusetshenziswa kwamalitha ama-2-3 ngesihlahla ngasinye ): ukufafaza kokuqala - ekuqaleni kwesizini yokukhula (ukubukeka kwamahlumela ngenhla komhlaba), okwesibili - ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Lapho kuvela ukubola okungwevu kweziqu, ngivele ngiyisike ku-rhizome bese ngigcwalisa le ndawo ngesinye salezi zixazululo.
Ukugqwala - isifo esiyingozi samakhowe sama-peonies. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza (esifundeni saseMoscow - ingxenye yokuqala kaJulayi), kuvela amabala ansundu ngombala ophuzi opende onsomi emaqabungeni. Lesi sifo sisakazeka ngokushesha: ezinsukwini ezingama-2-3 ama-peony bush ezindaweni ezinkulu angathinteka. Amaqabunga aqhekeka futhi omile, ngenxa yalokho, ukunqwabelana kwezakhi ezimpandeni kuyaphela, okuthinta kabi ukubekwa nokuthuthukiswa kokuvuselelwa kwezinso.
Izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi yezindlela zokuguga zibaluleke kakhulu ekuvinjelweni kwezifo zokukhunta: ukugaya inhlabathi ezungeze izitshalo, ukugqoka kahle okufika ngesikhathi nangendlela efanelekile, kubhubhisa amaqabunga athintekile, kwathi ngoSepthemba - ukuthena kanye nokushisa yonke ingxenye engenhla yesitshalo, ukutshala okungaminywanga kwezihlahla, ukhula olujwayelekile, njll. ekwindla (ngemuva kokuthenwa kwamaqabunga) noma kwentwasahlobo yokuqala (ngaphambi kokuqunjelwa) ukufafaza kwenhlabathi ezitshalweni ze-peonies nge-nitrafen (200 g ngalinye nge-10 lamanzi). Ukuvimbela ukugqwala, ngifafaza izitshalo ngomuthi ofanayo futhi uma ungahambisani nokubola okungwevu, kepha ngemuva kokuqhakaza kube nesikhathi sezinsuku ezingama-7-10 futhi ngokushesha nje lapho kuvela izimpawu zesifo. Ngisika futhi ngishise amaqabunga athintekile.
PeonyI-ring leaf mosaic - isifo segciwane. Imivimbo ekhanyayo eluhlaza okotshani nokuphuzi, izindandatho, izindandatho ezingxenyeni zivela emaqabungeni, ezilimaza ukuhlotshiswa kwezihlahla, kepha akukunciphisi ukukhula nobuningi bezimbali. Kusatshalaliswa ngokusika izimbali ezivela ezitshalweni ezigulayo nezinempilo ngaphandle kokubulala amagciwane ithuluzi ngesixazululo esiqinile se-potanganum permanganate. Ehlabanini kungaba amahlumela abagulayo nabanempilo. Ngesikhathi sokuchithwa kwe-efihlekile, amahlumela onesifo anqunywa ku-rhizome futhi ashiswe.
Izinto ezisetshenzisiwe:
- D. B. Kapinos, umlimi wezimbali wezimbali amateur, isifunda saseMoscow, iVidnoe
