I-generic genus Tamarix, ebizwa nangokuthi ikamu, noma i-tamarisk, yomndeni wakwaTamarisk, imelelwa ngezihlahla nezihlahla ezincane. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-75. Isitshalo esinjalo sibizwa nangokuthi yi-bead, i-jugil ewuketshezi, i-jengil, isihlahla sikaNkulunkulu, ikamu le-Astrakhan lilac. Igama lesayensi elithi tamarix livela kuTama Riz, elibizwa ngamaPyrenees, okwamanje libizwa ngeTimbra. Emvelweni, i-tamarix ingatholwa e-Asia, e-Afrika kanye naseningizimu ye-Yurobhu, kanti yona ikhetha ukukhula ezingwadule nakuma-ugwadule, ezigodini zesihlabathi, futhi nasezindongeni zezithelo ezinosawoti. Isibonelo, emahlathini e-tugai eCentral Asia, kunezinhlobo eziyi-15 zesitshalo esinjalo, ezintabeni zase-Asia Ephakathi kutholakala endaweni ephakeme ngamamitha ayi-2000 ngaphezu kolwandle, kuyilapho eCaucasus tamarix ikhuphuka ifinyelele kubude obungadluli kumamitha ayi-600.
I-tamarisk shrub itshalwa abalimi njengesihlobiso kanye nesitshalo sokulungisa isihlabathi.
Izici zesihlahla se-tamarix
Isihlahla esihle seTamarisk singanqabisa noma sihlale sihlala siqinile. Ngaphezu kwezihlahlana, izihlahla zivame ukutholakala zikhula zinamahlahla, zinokuphakama kwamamitha ayi-1.5, kuthi isiqu sazo singakaze sibe sikhulu kunengxenye yemitha. Umqhele uqukethe iziqu ezakhiwe ngenduku, lapho kunenombolo enkulu yamapuleti amancane anamaqabunga ahlelwe njalo afanayo esikalini, umbala wawo ungaba yi-emerald, luhlaza okotshani noma luhlaza okotshani. Ama-inflorescence amakhulu afana ne-panicle-like noma i-racemose aqukethe izimbali ezincane zombala omhlophe noma opinki. Ngaphambi kokuqhakaza, lapho ihlathi ligxotshwe ngamahlumela amaningi angaguquki, kungahle kube sengathi lihlotshiswe ngobuhlalu. Lesi sitshalo yisitshalo esihle kakhulu soju, ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza sidonsela izinyosi engadini. Isithelo siyibhokisi lepiramidi lepiramidi, elinembewu enhlobonhlobo, ngaphakathi liqukethe imbewu encane.
ITamarisk isitshalo esilungile kakhulu esimelana kakhulu nesomiso. Le shrub ingatshalwa ngisho nasedolobheni elikhulu, ngoba iyamelana nokungcoliswa kgesi. Ukutshala isitshalo esinjalo akusinzima futhi kumnandi kakhulu.
Kufakwa iTamarix emhlabathini ovulekile
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Ukutshala izithombo ze-tamarix enhlabathini evulekile kunconywa ekwindla ngesikhathi sokuwa kwamaqabunga, kepha kungcono ukukwenza lokhu ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo. Inhlabathi yesihlahla esinjalo sidinga uklanywa kahle, kanti ukwakheka kwayo kungaba yiphi. Ingatshalwa ngisho nasenhlabathini enobumba obunzima, kodwa kulokhu kuphela, lapho utshala isitshalo enhlabathini, kubalulekile ukufaka i-humus ne-peat. ITamarisk ingatshalwa emthunzini, kepha kungcono ukhethe indawo enokhanyo kahle yokutshala.
Ukukhethwa kwesiza sokutshala isihlahla esinjalo kudinga ukwenziwa ngokucophelela, ngoba ngenxa yezimpande ezinde ezincanyana okulula ukuzilimaza, zidlulisela ukufakelwa ngobuhlungu impela.
Ungatshala kanjani
Usayizi womgodi wokufika kufanele ube ngamamitha angu-0.6x0.6x0.6. Ngaphansi komgodi ophelile, udinga ukwenza ungqimba oluhle lwamanzi, ubukhulu bawo okufanele bube ngamasentimitha angama-20, ngoba lokhu ungasebenzisa izitini ezaphukile, itshe elichotshoziwe, ubumba olwandisiwe noma amatshe amatshe. Ngaphezulu kwephayiphu, ubeke ingxube ye-humus ne-ash ash. Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi wesisekelo kufanele umbozwe nge-2/3 yengxube yenhlabathi equkethe isihlabathi (1 ingxenye), inhlabathi evundile (izingxenye ezi-2) ne-peat (1 ingxenye).
Ngaphambi kokutshala, ukuthenwa kweziqu zesi yisithombo kufanele kwenziwe, kanti izingxenye ezisele akufanele zedlule ku-30-50 mm ubude. Ngemuva kwalokho isitshalo kufanele sifakwe emgodini, okufanele simbozwe ngengxube yenhlabathi (ukwakheka kuchazwe ngenhla), kodwa kuphela emva kokuba izimpande zesithombo ziqonde kahle. Thinta ingaphezulu lomhlabathi elizungeze isitshalo esitshaliwe, bese usinisela kahle. Lapho utshala, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngemuva kokutshalelwa kwezithombo, intambo yayo yezimpande kufanele ibe sezingeni lomhlaba sendawo.
Nakekela iTamarisk engadini
Otshalwe kumhlabathi ovulekile we-tamarix yisithombo izinsuku zokuqala eziyi-15 ukuya kwezi-20 udinga ukuvikelwa elangeni eliqondile nasekucheleleni okuhlelekile. Ngemuva kokuba amaqabunga abonakale kulesi simila, ayeka ukuvikela kuwo elangeni, futhi anciphise nenani lokunisela. Ukuze amanzi avela enhlabathini angahwamuki ngokushesha okukhulu, kuyadingeka ukugcwalisa ingaphezulu lawo ngohlaka lwe-mulch, ngoba lokhu ungasebenzisa noma yikuphi okuphathelene nezinto eziphilayo. Izihlahlana zabantu abadala zidinga ukuchelela kuphela esikhathini esomile, kepha uma lina ngokuhlelekile ehlobo, khona-ke i-tamarix ayidingi ukuniselwa nhlobo. Ngemuva kokuba imvula isidlulile noma ukuthambisa sekwenziwe, ingaphezulu lombuthano wesiqu somthi kufanele lidambiswe kancane, ngenkathi kukhipha lonke utshani bokhula.
Ukufaka izihlahla shrub kwenziwa entwasahlobo, lapho nje kuphela isikhathi sokukhula, umanyolo wezinto eziphilayo usetshenziselwa lokhu. Ehlobo, kufanele kufafazwe phezu kwamahlamvu ngesixazululo se-phosphorus kanye nomanyolo we-potassium.
ITamarix imelana nobusika kakhulu, futhi ngenxa yalokho ingatshalwa ezifundeni ezinesimo sezulu esishisa kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, e-Urals nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwalesi sitshalo kudlangile namuhla. Lesi sitrobheli ngaphandle kwendawo yokukhosela siyakwazi ukumelana nokwehla kwamazinga okushisa kuze kube ngama-28 degrees. Uma ubusika bubanda kakhulu, khona-ke isihlahla esinjalo sidinga indawo yokukhosela. Ukuze wenze lokhu, indawo yezimpande kufanele imbozwe ungqimba obukhulu bokhuni lwe-sawdust noma ifafazwe ngamagatsha e-fir spruce, isiqu kufanele sigoqwe ngendwangu eminyene noma ifilimu le-polymer.
I-Pruning tamarix
I-Tamarix idinga ukugoqeka, okuyihambisa kalula. Isikhathi esihle kakhulu sokusika umqhele ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, futhi udinga ukubamba ukuvuvukala kwezinso. Amagatsha amadala anamahlumela amfishane adinga ukusikwa kukhala indandatho, ngemuva kwamaviki ama-4 kuphela azonikeza amahlumela amancane, futhi isihlahla siphinde sibe sihle futhi sihle. Isitshalo esinjalo sidinga izicucu ezilwa nokuguga. Zenziwe egatsheni eliqinile, elitholakala eduze naphansi kwesihlahla ngangokunokwenzeka. Khumbula ukuthi ukukhula kweziqu akumele kube buthaka, ngoba lokhu kuzoholela ekunciphiseni kwenombolo nobude bama-inflorescence. Ngokuqala kwenkathi yokukhula, kuzokwazi ukubona amagatsha neziqu ezilinyazwe yiqhwa, ezizodinga ukusikwa ngokhuni olunempilo.
Ungagawula isihlahla ekugcineni kwezimbali. Ukuze umqhele uhlale ubukeke kahle futhi uzilungiselele kahle, kuyadingeka ukuthi unqume iziqu ezinde ngokweqile, futhi uqalise nokufiphalisa ama-inflorescences. Lapho usika isihlahla somhluzi, zama ukuwenza uzinze ngokwengeziwe, ngaphandle kwalokho amagatsha awo azodingeka aboshwe kwizisekele.
E-tamarisk, umqhele uqina ngokushesha okukhulu, kulokhu, ukuncipha kwawo kufanele kwenziwe ngokuhlelekile, ukusika ingxenye yamagatsha kulokhu.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Isihlahla esinjalo simelana kakhulu nezinambuzane. Zingahlala kukho kuphela uma ezinye zezitshalo ezingomakhelwane zithelelekile. Ukuqeda izinambuzane, kuzokwanela isikhathi esisodwa kuphela sokufafaza lesi sitshalo ngesisombululo sezinambuzane.
Esikhathini semvula, i-tamarix ingangenwa kalula yisifo sokukhunta. Isiqu namagatsha athelelekile kufanele asikwe futhi abhujiswe, futhi isihlahla ngokwaso kanye nenhlabathi ezungezile kufanele kufafazwe ngesisombululo sokukhunta.
Ukusakazeka kwe-tamarix engadini
Kungenzeka ukukhulisa i-tamarix kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, noma kunjalo, abalimi abanolwazi abaluleki ukuchitha isikhathi sabo kulokhu, ngoba ukusika kuyindlela ethembekile futhi esheshayo yokusakaza isitshalo esinjalo.
Kungenzeka ukusabalalisa isihlahla ngokusikwa ekuqaleni kwenkathi yentwasahlobo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ulungiselele ukusikwa okungamakhonkrithi angamamilimitha ayi-10 nobude bamasentimitha ayi-7-10. Ingxenye engezansi kufanele iphathwe nesixazululo se-ejenti evuselela ukukhula kwezimpande, khona-ke kufanele itshalwe endaweni ethile esitsheni esigcwalisiwe ngenhlanganisela yomhlabathi okhanyayo ohlanganisa inhlabathi nesihlabathi segadi (1: 1). Ngaphezulu kwebhokisi, kumele ugqoke idome ngaso sonke isikhathi, okufanele libe sobala. Esikhundleni salokho, ungamboza isiqu ngasinye ngendebe yengilazi ngaphezulu. Ngemuva kokuba ukusika kuthathwe izimpande, amaqabunga amancane aqala ukukhula kuwo. Ukutshala okunjalo emhlabathini ovulekile kwenziwa ngoMeyi, futhi ungakhohlwa ukuthi adinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo elandelayo, izitshalo ezisinda ebusika zingadluliselwa endaweni eyiyo.
Ungaphendukela kwenye indlela ye-midzi, ngoba lokhu ukusikwa kufakwa esitsheni esigcwele amanzi. Lapho izimpande zivela kuma-cuttings, azodinga ukutshalwa engadini futhi ambozwe ngezimbiza zeglasi.
Lapho usabalalisa i-tamarisk ngendlela ye-generative (imbewu), khumbula ukuthi imbewu yayo igcina ukuhluma okuhle isikhashana, futhi lapho ikhula izihlahla maphakathi nethambeka, akuvamile ukuba zivuthwe. Ngaphambi kokuhlwanyela, imbewu akudingeki ihlukaniswe. Amane asatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ngaphezulu kwengxube yenhlabathi, ngaphandle kokujula hhayi ukufafaza nomhlaba. Ngemuva kwalokho isitsha kufanele sifakwe epallet egcwaliswe ngamanzi. Izitshalo ezinamandla nezikhulile kufanele ziyehliselwe esikoleni ukuze zikhule. Izithombo zidinga indawo yokukhosela ebusika. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-1 noma emi-2, isitshalo singatshalwa endaweni ehlala njalo.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo ze-tamarix ngezithombe namagama
Emvelweni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-70 zezinhlobo zeTamarix. Kodwa-ke, iningi lazo liyatshalwa ezinokulwelwa yiqhwa okuphezulu
I-Tamarix-stamen ezine (Tamarix tetrandra)
Emvelweni, le nhlobo itholakala eGrisi, eCrimea, e-Asia Minor, naseningizimu-mpumalanga yengxenye yeYurophu yaseRussia. Lesi sihlahla sikhulu ngokulingana, futhi ekuphakameni kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-5- 10. Amagatsha arched agobile apendwe ngombala onsomi obomvu. Amapuleti amaqabunga aluhlaza-we-emerald anobuthi beqanda-lanceolate noma i-lanceolate, athambekele emaphethelweni, kuthi phezulu kwawo kukhona okucijile kwe-coracoid. Ngamahlumela aseceleni kukhona ama-inflorescence e-racemose, aqukethe izimbali ezidwetshwe ngemisebe ehlukahlukene kusuka opinki ophuzi kuya komhlophe. Izimbali ziyaqhakaza ngo-Ephreli noma ngoMeyi. Le shrub imelana nesomiso futhi ihlala isikhathi eside (ikwazi ukuphila cishe iminyaka engama-75).
I-Tamarix okukhululekile (iTamarix laxa)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, isitshalo esinjalo sitholakala eNyakatho-ntshonalanga China, eNyakatho Iran, eMongolia, e-Afghanistan naseVolga ephansi. Le nhlobo imelelwa ngesihlahla esikhulu esinamagatsha amakhulu noma isihlahla esiphakathi nendawo, ukuphakama kwaso kungamamitha ayi-5. Amagatsha okusakaza angenalutho apendwe ngombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma oluhlaza okotshani. Nikela ngokuqondile amapuleti e-oval-rhombic noma amaqanda aqoshwe ngendlela yamaqanda kwisisekelo futhi ukhombe phezulu. Amaphaneli apical akhiwa ama-inflorescence aluhlaza we-racemose aqukethe izimbali ezipinki. Isitshalo esinjalo siqhakaza cishe amasonto ayi-8. Le nhlobo ihlukaniswa yisomiso nokuqandelwa yiqhwa, ayikhethi ngomhlabathi futhi ijwayela ukubekezelelwa kwayo.
Tamarix unomusa (Tamarix gracilis)
Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, i-tamarisk enjalo itholakala eChina, e-Ukraine, eKazakhstan, eSiberia, entshonalanga neMongolia nasentshonalanga engxenyeni yaseYurophu yaseRussia. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla akudluli kumamitha ayi-4. Phezu kwamagatsha aqukethe abalele kukhona izindawo ezivuthiwe zikakhokho kuhlamvu lweqabunga kanye nehlumela. Umbala wamagxolo uluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu. Amapuleti anamaqabunga agqamile ezitshalweni eziluhlaza ayathaywa. Emagatsheni aminyaka yonke, amapuleti amaqabunga akhula ngobukhulu, futhi anesimo se-lanceolate nombala wefawn. Ama-inflorescence entwasahlobo elula asentwasahlobo anobude obungu-50 mm futhi aqukethe izimbali ezi-pink ezigcwele satjani. Amabhulashi wezimbali zasehlobo ayingxenye yokukhanya okukhulu kwama-inflorescences, futhi afinyelela ubude obungu-70 mm. Lolu hlobo alunqandeki iqhwa futhi luqhakaza kahle; livame ukusetshenziswa abaqambi bemvelo.
I-Tamarix branchy (iTamarix ramosissima), noma i-tamarix-stamen emihlanu (Tamarix pentandra)
Endle, isitshalo esinjalo singatholakala e-Iran, eMongolia, eMoldova, eChina, eCentral Asia, e-Ukraine naseBalkan. Ithanda ukukhula emaphethelweni emifula, emabhange amatshe amnyama nasemithanjeni yezigodi zemifula. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla sikhula ngokuqondile cishe ngamamitha ayi-2. Amagatsha Amancanyana apendwe ngombala onsomi grey noma onsomi, kanti amahlumela waminyaka yonke abomvu ngombala. Amapuleti amaqabunga ama-awl-awl abunjiwe anezeluleko ezigobile. Ama-inflorescence aminyene we-racemose afinyelela kubude obungama-50 mm, aqukethe izimbali ezipinki. Izimbali zibonwa ngoJuni-Septhemba. Isihlahla esinjalo asifunwa ekwakhekeni kwenhlabathi, siguqula ngokushesha ezimeni zedolobha, sibuyiselwa kalula ngemuva kokubanda, kodwa kufanele simbozwe ubusika. Izinhlobo ezidumile:
- I-pink cascade. Lokhu kuqhuma okukhulu kakhulu ngokunethezeka.
- URubra. Umbala wezimbali ubomvu-ubomvu.
- Sammer Glow. Umbala wezimbali u-raspberry ojulile.
I-Tamarisk ekwakhiweni kwendawo
ITamarisk isetshenziswa ekwenziweni kwemvelo kwezingoma zamaqembu nasekuguduleni amabanga. Noma kunjalo lesi sitshalo sisetshenziswa njengethipeworm, ngokwesibonelo, njenge "umthombo" oqhakaza enkabeni yotshani obuluhlaza. Akuyona izihlahla ezinde kakhulu nezihlahlana zalolu hlobo ezinconyelwe ukuba zihlanganiswe nama-conifers, okuwukuthi: nge-thuja, i-juniper kanye ne-spruce emfushane. Futhi, lesi sitshalo sivumelana ne-lilac, i-barberry ne-jasmine.
Izinhlobo zomuntu ezihlala ziluhlaza zekitamatisi zitshalwa ekhaya. ITamarix nayo ikhule enhlabathini enosawoti, ezindaweni ezihlalwa emahlathini, ogwadule nasezinhlangwini ezingadulwanga, futhi iphinde isetshenziselwe ukulungisa izihlabathi ezihamba ngasogwini nasogwini olunwabuzelayo.
