Ukukhiqizwa kwamatamatisi ezimweni zokugcina ukushisa kukuvumela ukuthi uqoqe izithelo cishe unyaka wonke ezifundeni ezahlukahlukene zaseRussia. Lokhu kunjalo ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinesikhathi esifushane sehlobo njenge-Urals neSiberia. Ukwakhiwa kwalezi zinhlaka nokulungiswa kwazo kuhlotshaniswa nezindleko eziphakeme, ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamatamatisi ezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Bheka futhi i-athikili: uzotshala nini izithombo zamatamatisi?
Izici zokushisa okuluhlaza okotshani katamatisi
Ukunquma ukuthi imuphi utamatisi ongawutshala endaweni ebamba ukushisa, udinga ukwazi izimfanelo zabo eziphambili. Kungcono ukukhetha utamatisi abamba ukushisa, izinhlobo zazo okufanele zibe nezakhiwo ezinjalo:
- Ukudlulisa izimo zokushisa eziguqukayo. Ngaphansi kwendawo yokukhosela, ukugxuma okushisa kubukhali impela. Esikhathini sasemini, abamba ukushisa okuvaliwe kushisa kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lingakhuphukela ezingeni elibucayi lezitshalo. Ebusuku, ngaphandle kokushisa okwengeziwe, abamba ukushisa banda ngokushesha, izinga lokushisa liyawohloka, okudala ukucindezela utamatisi. Akuzona zonke izinhlobo ezingabopha izithelo ngaphansi kwalezo zimo.
- Ukwakheka kwezitshalo okubanzi. Ehlobo, lo abamba ukushisa uhlala evulekile ubusuku nemini, njengoba izinga lokushisa lemvelo liba lihle ekukhuleni kwamatamatisi. Ngokugeleza komoya, izinhlamvu zesikhunta se-pathogenic ezingangena ezitshalweni zingena endaweni eluhlaza. Isilimo kumele sakhiwe ngaphambi kokuqala kwezifo.
- Ukubuyela ngokushesha ekuvuneni kwasekuqaleni. Imikhiqizo etholwe ekuqaleni kwesizini ifunwa kakhulu futhi inentengo ephakeme. Izinhlobo zokuqala ezivuthiwe zikuvumela ukuthi ujabulele izithelo ezimnandi zikatamatisi esevele izinyanga ezintathu ngemuva kokusungulwa kwezithombo. Khetha izinhlobo zokuqala zamatamatisi zokugcina izithombo.
- Ukuhamba kahle nokuthengiswa kwezithelo. Utamatisi osukhulile kumele abe nesikhumba esibucayi, esivumela ukuthuthwa amabanga amade. Ezindaweni ezikude zasenyakatho, intengo yokukhiqiza kwasekuqaleni iphakeme kakhulu kunasesendaweni lapho kulinywe khona.
- Ukhuphula isivuno. Isivuno esitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo sifaka ukubuyiselwa kwezindleko ezitshaliwe ekutshaleni kwazo, kanye nokuthola imali eyengeziwe.
- Khubazeka ezifweni eziningi zamatamatisi. Uma izinhlobonhlobo zinezinhlobo zokuphikiswa kwezifo, khona-ke ukutheleleka akuveli ngokutheleleka. Khetha lezo zinhlobo ezinobukhona bezakhi ezithile zofuzo ezinjalo.
Utamatisi uhlukaniswa ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobonhlobo kanye nzalo. Kunzima kakhulu ukukhetha ukuthi yiziphi utamatisi ongazitshala ku-greenhouse. Kunikezwa incazelo yokuhamba phambili kwabo ngezindawo ezahlukahlukene zokusebenzisa.
Izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu zamatamatisi zokugcina izithombo
IHybrid enhle Lady F1 uthathe omunye wamatamatisi amahle kakhulu waseSiberia endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Lokhu kuyizinhlobonhlobo zesimanje ezifuywayo ezenziwe ngu-Ilyinichna. Kuhlanganisa ukumelana nokucindezela. Isivuno sokuqala sivuthwa ndawonye. Ukuqoqwa kwamatamatisi okuqala kungenzeka ezinsukwini ezingama-95 ngemuva kokumiswa kwezithombo. Amabhulashi okuqala enhla ngenhla amashidi angama-7-8, futhi ahlukahluka kuwo wonke amashidi angu-1-2. Utamatisi kumele wakheke kanyekanye. Ukuhlala kwabantu 3 utamatisi kwisikwele. m. I-brashi yakha izithelo ezifika ezi-7 ezinesisindo esingama-120 g, inyama yaso emnandi kakhulu. Izinhlobonhlobo zifaka izinhlobo zofuzo ezikuvumela ukuthi ungathintwa yizifo eziningi eziyingozi: i-viral, amakhowe eFusarium neCladosporium. Ukuvunwa esihlahleni esisodwa kungaba ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4,5.
IHybrid F1 Kostromaokutholwe yinkampani yeGavrish kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izincomo njengotamatisi omuhle kakhulu we-Urals ku-greenhouse ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kwesethi yamapharamitha adingekayo. Inokuzivumelanisa okuphezulu nezimo ezishintshayo ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Isilimo sokuqala sivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-106 kuya ku-109 kusuka ekubunjweni kwezithombo. Yakha izithelo eziyindilinga eyindilinga ezinobunzima obufika ku-140 g.Izinhlobonhlobo kubandakanya izakhi zofuzo ezivumela ukuthi lesi sitshalo singangenwa yizifo eziningi, kufaka phakathi lezo ezibangelwa isikhunta se-genus Fusarium kanye ne-cladosporium, i-VTM. Isitshalo esisodwa singakhiqiza amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-4,5 wezithelo.
Uma udinga izinhlobo ezimnandi zamatamatisi ku-greenhouse, khona-ke umholi ocacile phakathi kwabo uyi-hybrid I-Titanic F1. Yamukelwe yinkampani yasekhaya i-Ilyinichna, ivelele phakathi kwabanye ngokuhlanganiswa kwezithelo ezinkulu kuze kufinyelele ku-200 g nokunambitheka okuhle kakhulu. Izithelo zokuqala zingavunwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-113 kusungulwe izithombo. Ama-ovaries akhiwa kahle ezimweni ezibandayo zokugcina ukushisa. Impofu yakha ama-stepons, anciphisa inani lomsebenzi ukunakekela izitshalo. Utamatisi obamba ukushisa wezinhlobonhlobo zeTitanic uqongelela ushukela orekhodiwe (6% noma ngaphezulu), unombala wesikhumba obomvu okhangayo onesifo esimfushane. Izitshalo zinezakhi zofuzo ezivimbela ukutheleleka ngezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, izinhlobo zesikhunta i-Fusarium ne-cladosporium. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zibekezelela ukutheleleka nge-nematode enyongo, ngaphandle kokwehlisa isivuno.
Izinhlobo ezintsha utamatisi zokugcina izithombo
IHybrid Kokhava F1 mkhulu kunezinhlobo eziningi zokuqala zamatamatisi zokugcina izithombo. Inohlobo lwesihlahla esingangeneki, ine-super-usahihi, yakha izithelo ezivuthiwe ngezinsuku ezingama-85-90 kusuka ekwakhekeni kwezithombo. Izithelo ezimise okwama-round kufika ku-180 g zipinki ngombala futhi zinesikhumba esiminyene. Ukukhiqiza esithelweni eseluliwe kungaba ngamakhilogremu angama-30 ngemitha elilodwa lesikwele. m. Izinhlobonhlobo zivikelekile ezifweni ezibangelwa amagciwane ezibangela ukusontwa kwamaqabunga ethusi kanye aphuzi, ezithweni zeFusarium kanye nesikhunta se-cladosporium, kanye nematode enyongo.
I-Bersol F1 Hybrid kungokwesigaba samatamatisi angaphansi kwendlu yokutshala izithombo. Inesitshalo esichazayo ngesibhukumaka esinyene sama-inflorescences. Ngokushesha kuthululela izithelo, emva kwezinsuku ezingama-90 kusuka ekubunjweni kwezithombo, izithelo ezibalelwa ku-100-150 g ziqala ukuvuthwa.Ihlukaniswa ukungaziphathi kwezifo eziningi ezivamile zokushisa abamba ukushisa, ukwakheka kwe-ovary ezimweni ezingezinhle zokukhula. Izithelo zinesakhiwo esiminyene futhi ziyamelana nengcindezi yemishini, ngakho-ke zingathuthwa amabanga amade ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi. Ukukhiqiza kufinyelela kumakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-7.5 ngemitha yesikwele.
I-Hybrid F1 Lyol - Izinhlobo ezintsha zamatamatisi zokugcina izithombo ezakhiwe yinkampani yezolimo i-Ilyinichna. Ihluka ekuvuthweni kokuqala (utamatisi uvuthwa ngezinsuku eziyi-100 kusuka ekwakhiweni yisithombo) kanti isivuno esikhulu sakhiwa ndawonye. Kuboniswa ibhukumaka eliqinisiwe lamabhulashi athela izithelo. Amabhulashi ama-3 ezithelo zokuqala abekwa kuwo wonke amaqabunga noma amabili, bese amabhulashi asele abekwe eceleni kweqabunga. Ukutshala utamatisi ama-3 nge-sq. m, akhiwa ngawodwa-akhanywa. Zingatshalwa ngaphandle kokhula. Uhlobo olulula lwebhulashi le-branching libeka utamatisi obomvu oyi-9 wesimo oyindilinga enesisindo esingaphezu kwama-gramu ayi-100. I-pulp ine-ukunambitheka okumnandi nokuhlangene okuhlangene okuhlangene. I-hybrid ifaka izinhlobo zofuzo ezenza ukuthi utamatisi angatholi ukutheleleka ngegciwane, ukuze angathinteki yi-cladosporium ne-fusarium fungi, inkathazo ye-nematode. Ngaphezu kwamakhilogremu ayi-4 wezithelo avuthwa kutamatisi owodwa.
