Isiko laseJapan selivezwa ekwenzeni ngcono nasekushintsheni izwe elizungezile. I-Bonsai pine ingumphumela wokudalwa komuntu, okuvezwa kubuciko bokukhula kwezihlahla ezincane. Umkhuba we-bonsai wavela okokuqala eChina eminyakeni eyinkulungwane edlule. Ngemuva kwalokho le ndlela yafika eJapan, lapho yathuthukiswa kabanzi futhi yasakazwa emhlabeni wonke. Izihlahla ezinhle ze-bonsai ziyizimpawu zemithi yangempela etshalwe endalweni. Isihlahla sikaphayini esingagugi futhi esihlala sihle sikulungele ukudala i-bonsai. Izihlahla zeBonsai zeza ezingadini zaseRussia ngekhulu lama-20. Abalimi bayakujabulela ukwenza i-pine bonsai, bayinike ukwakheka okuyingqayizivele futhi okuhlukile.
Odinga ukukwazi nge-pine bonsai
KumaJapan, i-bonsai ekhulayo ifilosofi ehlanganisa izici ezingokomoya nezomzimba zenqubo. Ukufinyelela empumelelweni, umuntu ojwayelekile kufanele aphathe lolu daba ngothando nokubekezela. Udinga ukuthi ube nolwazi oluthile lokuthi ungenza kanjani i-bonsai kusuka kukaphayini. Kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi nokuzikhandla ukukhulisa i-bonsai ngokwakho. Ngenxa yalokho, isitshalo esimangalisayo sizonikeza injabulo nobuhle iminyaka eminingi.
I-bonsai yendabuko kumele ihlangane nalezi zici ezilandelayo:
- Isiqu. Kufanele kube namandla futhi kube namandla, kube nesisekelo esishiwo nezimpande ezivele ebusweni.
- Amagatsha. Kunamagatsha ambalwa, imigqa yawo kufanele ivumelane futhi ibonakale kahle. Isiqu namagatsha e-bonsai anikeza lesi sihlahla isithombe esiyingqayizivele esifanayo.
- Ifomu. Iphayini ye-bonsai yaseJapan kumele ihambisane nokuhlukaniswa okukodwa kwezi-15. Ukusiza umuntu wokuqala noma umlimi onolwazi, imidwebo, amacebo, izithombe noma imibono nezifiso zakho.
- Iphayinathi elincane kufanele libukeke njengesihlahla esikhula esimweni semvelo.
Umsebenzi oyinhloko lapho kwakha i-bonsai ukufeza ukukhula kwesitshalo okuhamba kancane. Lokhu kutholakala ngezindlela eziningi: ukugawulwa kaningi kwezimpande zezihlahla nez amahlumela, ukuvimbela ukukhula kokufakelwa, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezikhethekile zenhlabathi, nezindlela ezikhethekile zokunakekelwa kwezihlahla nokunisela.
Ungayikhulisa kanjani i-bonsai pine emhlabathini ovulekile
Ekubunjweni komhlaba, i-bonsai pine ithatha ukuziqhenya kwendawo. Izinzuzo zalo ezisobala yifomu layo langempela, ukungazinikeli ezimweni ezikhulayo, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphansi, izinga eliphakeme lokuzivumelanisa nezimo. Ukubona izimo ezithile, ungakhula lesi sihlahla somangaliso khona emhlabathini:
- Ukukhetha izithombo. E-bonsai noma yiliphi likaphayini elikhula futhi lenze ubusika emhlabathini endaweni evulekile kufanelekile. Iphayiphu elincane linganikeza ukunambitheka okukhethekile kwamaJapan engadini. Indlela elula yokusebenzela ukuzilibazisa kwe-bonsai iphayini wezintaba ngenxa yokuphakama kwesihlahla kanye nosayizi omncane wamagatsha.
- Ubuchwepheshe bokufika. Izimo zokuphila ze-bonsai yengadi kufanele zibe seduze ngangokunokwenzeka ezimweni zokuphila zesihlahla esitsheni. Ukuze lokhu, isithombo ngokwaso sifinyezwe ukuze sithole usayizi omncane ofunekayo, futhi ingxenye ephakathi yephisi iyancishiswa. Ukuze ubeke umkhawulo ezimpandeni zesihlahla ekukhuleni, ibhulukwe likakhonkolo noma itshe elibanzi libekwa phansi komgodi wokutshala. Ukukhulisa uphayini we-bonsai, sebenzisa inhlabathi enganciphile kusuka esitolo noma uyinyumba, ukukhanya, inhlabathi yemvelo. Eminyakeni elandelayo, amakota nezimpande ezingemuva kwakhiwa ngokuzungeza isiqu ngefosholo.
- Ukwakheka komqhele. Ukuthena iziqu nokunqunqa yimisebenzi ebaluleke kakhulu inqubo yokukhulisa isihlahla se-bonsai. Vumela umgadli ukuba afinyelele umumo ofunekayo kanye nesimo. Izihlahla kwenziwa kanye ngonyaka ekupheleni kobusika. Lokhu kususa wonke amagatsha amakhulu angahambelani nokubukeka okufisayo kwe-bonsai. Ukweqa kungenziwa kaningi ngesikhathi sehlobo. Inhloso yawo ukufeza ukuvela kwamahlumela amasha namancanyana.
I-Bonsai yangempela isihlahla esidala ngokubona. Umphumela wokuguga utholwa ngamagatsha okugoba futhi wokufika usebenzisa izinsimbi nocingo. Ngomqondo wepayini okhula isikhathi eside, amagxolo asikwa ngokukhethekile ezindaweni eziningana ngesihloko sommese.
Ukwakhiwa kwe-pine bonsai
I-Pine ezejwayelekile ingaba yisisekelo esihle kakhulu sokuzitshala kwe-bonsai. Izihlahla zeConiferous zihlukile ezihlahleni eziqhakazayo ezigabeni ezimbili zokukhula ngonyaka, okufanele zibhekwe lapho kwakhiwa uphayini njenge-bonsai. Igagasi lokuqala lokukhula lenzeka ngasekupheleni kwentwasahlobo futhi liboniswa ngobuningi bamagatsha. Igagasi lesibili livela ngasekupheleni kuka-Agasti futhi libonakala ngokuqina kwamagatsha. Iminyaka eminingana, ungakhula i-bonsai kusuka kukaphayini ojwayelekile ngezandla zakho ebhodweni:
- Unyaka wokuqala. Noma yiziphi izithombo zikaphayini zilungele i-bonsai - ngezinaliti ezimfishane noma ezinde ezilethwa zivela ehlathini, zakhula ngokuzimela noma zithengiwe enkulisa. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sonyaka sokufakelwa kwentwasahlobo yisekwindla, lapho kunokuthuthuka okunamandla kohlelo lwezimpande zesihlahla. Esikhathini esilandelayo sokukhula, izithombo zikaphayini zidluliselwa kumabhodwe ayi-12-16 cm. Ngonyaka wokuqala, izihlahla azenziwa, indawo enomhlaba ihlanganiswe ngokhuni, indawo kufanele ikhanyiswe kahle futhi ngaphandle kokusalungiswa.
- Unyaka wesibili. Ekupheleni kukaMashi, izithombo zikaphayini zisikwa ngemisiko ebukhali engu-45 ° kuya ku-7-12 cm ukwenza kusebenze ukukhula kwamahlumela akamuva bese kuqina isiqu. Ngasikhathi sinye, kufakwa uthango lwentambo, oluzonikeza isiqu namagatsha isimo esidingekayo. Izimbiza zibekwe endaweni enelanga endaweni ephakeme ngamasentimitha angama-30- 40 ukusuka phansi. Ekupheleni konyaka wesibili, amaphayini amancane naminyene kufanele kuphume.
- Unyaka wesithathu. Ngenyanga ka-Ephreli, ukuvuna kwe-bonsai kaphayini kudluliselwa kumabhodwe amakhulu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, lungisa inhlabathi ekhethekile ngokwesilinganiso se-2: 2: 1 sesihlabathi, i-perlite ne-humus, ungathatha inhlabathi nge-bonsai esitolo. Ukunciphisa unyaka kulo kuncishisiwe. Ukunisela okwanele nokugqoka okonakele kuyizidingo zokusinda kahle nokuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwezitshalo. Ngaphambi kobusika, ephezulu inqunywa ngokuphelele ezingeni segatsha eliseduze kwesiqu.
- Unyaka wesine. Izimbiza ezinamaphayini kufanele zibekwe eduze nokukhanya, futhi i-mulching izosiza inhlabathi idlule ngokushesha umswakama ezimpandeni. Ukusuka komqhele otshaliwe kuzohamba amagatsha amasha, okumele wona kulo nyaka unikezwe inkululeko ephelele yokukhula. Ukulandelela imigqa yamagatsha ngokwemvelo kuzophakamisa ukwakheka komqhele osifunayo. Ekupheleni kwesizini yehlobo, yonke imithi ye-bonsai izobukeka ihlukile, bazokwakha i-silhouette nosayizi ngamunye.
- Eminye iminyaka yokusebenza kuzoba nokulungisa imigqa nobume bezihlahla. Okwamanje, ungazizwa njengomculi wangempela, onemicabango emincane engenamkhawulo. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi iminyaka eminingi kuzothatha ukufeza okuhle kwe-bonsai pine kusuka kwimidwebo eyenziwe ngomumo, imidwebo yomuntu siqu, izithombe noma ngokuqondile kwekhanda lomlimi.
I-Bonsai kusuka kukaphayini ojwayelekile kufanele ibe nesakhiwo sezimpande eziqinile nezithuthukisiwe (nebari). Ukukhula kwezimpande kutholakala ngezinkathi eziningana ezikhulayo, ngenxa yalokho, umuthi kufanele ubambelele phansi ngokuqinile nangokuzethemba.
Uma utshala izihlahla ezincane emabhodweni asemhlabathini ovulekile, khona-ke ungathola i-bonsai yengadi kusuka kukaphayini ojwayelekile. Lokhu kwenziwa ngonyaka wesihlanu noma wesithupha wokuphila kwesitshalo. Izinzuzo zokukhula engadini ukwakhiwa okusheshayo kwamandla esiqu kanye nokuphakama okwanele kwesihlahla. Ngaphambi kokufakelwa, umqhele kanye nesigaxa se-bonsai kumele kuhlotshiswe ngokuphelele, okuwukuthi, ukulingana kwawo ngalo mzuzu sekuvele kuhambelana ngokuphelele nalokho okudingwayo.
Ukwakheka kwe-pine bonsai ukulingana phakathi kokudalwa kwendalo nomuntu. Ukuze ungaphazamisi ukuvumelana, ungatshala ama-bonsai amaningana kusuka ezihlahleni ezahlukahlukene engadini, uzungeze izinto nezitshalo ezifanayo ngesitayela nomoya. Ukuguqula umuthi ojwayelekile ube umlingani omuhle omfushane ngumsebenzi othakazelayo futhi othakazelisa. I-Bonsai pine izoba ngumhlobiso wangempela wensimu onenhlaka ngayinye kanye nemigqa ehambelana nayo kuphela.
