Izihlahla zezithelo ezinomumo we-Colon zathola igama lazo kusukela ekwakhekeni komqhele. Umqhele umele ukwakheka kwezingxenye zezulu zesihlahla, indawo amagatsha maqondana nesiqu. Ukwakheka kwesihlahla siwamagatsha emifushane kakhulu, kuwo kukhona amahlumela amaningi afinyeziwe - chaffinch ene-bud yezithelo. Kude kude, kubonakala sengathi izimbali nezithelo zitholakala kwesiqu. Ukukhula okungajwayelekile kwegatsha lesihlahla sezithelo kwaqapheleka eCanada, ukuguqulwa kwalokhu kwaholela ekwakhiweni kwezihlahla zokuhlobisa nezithelo zomumo wekholamu.
Ukuthola izithombo zezinhlobonhlobo zezihlahla
Umsebenzi wokuzalela wososayensi ukukhethwa okudala isikhathi eside kwezitshalo ezinezimpawu eziguquliwe. Ukuhlukumezeka okusebenzayo kukhulisa, kuhlanganisa ezingeni lofuzo. Isibonelo sendlela etholakala ngokuhlukahluka kwekholomu ithathelwa ngomuthi we-apula. Izinhlobonhlobo zeMacintosh zazihlukaniswa umqhele ocwebile kakhulu. Ngokwesisekelo sawo, ngo-1964 eCanada, iVazhak eyakhiwe ngemililo yatholakala. Zonke ezinye izinhlobo zama-apula wekholomu ziyimikhiqizo yokukhetha ukusebenza neWijeik, ezifundeni zezulu ezahlukahlukene.
Izithombo ezahlukahlukene zezihlahla zezithelo ezinodlame ezinezakhiwo ezinzile zitholakala kuphela ezindlini ezaziwayo zangaphandle nezasekhaya. Into edingekayo ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezimbadlana njengezimpande - Imali, iArbat, 003. Umdwebo kufanele ube nohlobo oluncane - Co.
Omunye umhlahlandlela ekwakhekeni kwezithombo yindlela eyakhiwe ngobuciko yezinhlobo ezifushane ze-Orlinka, iVasyugan, uMongameli nokunye.
Ezinye izihlahla zezithelo ezimise okoloni - amapharele, amaplamu, ama-cherries, ama-apricots - atholakala ngendlela efanayo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-sapling ene-system eyakhiwe kahle yezimpande futhi i-fruiting yokuqala ishiya i-nursery. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ukwahlukahluka okusobala, ukufunda imithetho yokunakekelwa nezindlela zokubumba.
Imishini yezolimo yengadi eqinisa izithelo inezimpawu zayo.
Izingadi zesifunda saseMoscow
Izihlahla zezithelo ezinomumo weColon weSifunda saseMoscow zimelelwa izihlahla zama-apula, amapharele, amaplamu nezinye izinhlobo zezithelo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zamapharele amfushane okwenziwe ngamakholoni azifani ngokuhlukahluka. Kepha isitshalo esithanda ukushisa phakathi komgwaqo ophakathi nendawo siyisimanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithelo zokuqala ziyavela ngonyaka wesibili, ngemuva kokutshala yisithombo. Kuthela isihlahla se-pyramidal iminyaka eyi-10-15 ngokunakekelwa okuhle. Ukukhiqizwa kwesihlahla esinamakhompiyutha kuphakeme kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. Okuthandwa nguYakovleva yizinhlobonhlobo ezingamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, futhi uSeveryanka uphuthuma ukunikeza isivuno ngo-Agasti. Ukuhlobisa okuhlukahlukene kuzokwethula nezithelo zawo ezivuthiwe ngo-Agasti, nesithelo sekhilogremu iDalikor esuswe ngo-Okthoba.
Izinhlobo ezimise okwekholomu zezihlahla zezithelo zepulamu zivame ukutholakala ezingadini ezingaphansi kwedolobha laseMoscow. Banomqhele omncane, ukukhula okuphansi, okukuvumela ukuba uvune ngaphandle kobunzima. Ama-radfs aqala ukuthela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili ngemuva kokutshala. Iningi seliphenduke izinhlobo eziyizintandokazi, kepha eziningana zithandwa kakhulu:
- I-Bluebird, okuhlukahlukene kungumphumela wokuwela i-Hungary, Caucasian neKabardian ekuqaleni. Izithelo ezinkulu ezibanzi zimbozwe nge-waxy coating. Izithelo ezimnandi nezine-juicy zivunwa maphakathi no-Agasti zivuthwe amasonto amabili. Umuthi uyathelela, awunakugomeka ezifweni ezijwayelekile.
- I-plum yeMemoryazev's Memory ingama-2 amancane, kepha iqukethe inani elikhulu le-vithamini C. Umuthi uyazikhiqiza, futhi izithelo ziqala ukwenzeka iminyaka emine ngemuva kokutshala. Izithelo hhayi minyaka yonke, kodwa ukumelana nesithwathwa nesomiso.
- Izinhlobonhlobo zeSmolinka zibonakaliswa ngombala onsomi omnyama okwenziwe ngeqanda. Umuthi wekholomu ungakhula ube ngamamitha ayi-5.5 ukuphakama, uthele isivuno sama-20 kg wezithelo ezimnandi. Kepha lokhu kuhlukahluka kudinga i-pollinator, futhi amagatsha agcwele kakhulu nge-plums adinga ukuxhaswa.
Ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba kukhula ama-pear asezingeni eliphakeme kanye ne-cherry plum, izihlahla zama-apula kanye nama-apula. Izingadi ezihlahleni ezinjalo zezithelo zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile, kodwa imiphumela iyakhuthaza.
Izithombe zezihlahla zezithelo ezinomumo wekholomu azikwazi ukudlulisela i-aura ekhethekile lapho izihlahla eziyishumi nanye ezazilengiswa nezithelo ziqoqiwe esihlakaleni samamitha skwele ayikhulu.
Izakhamizi zezifunda zaseningizimu kazinqunyelwe ekukhetheni kokutshala izinto. Bangakwazi basebenzise izinhlobo zokukhetha zakwamanye amazwe. Kukholelwa ukuthi eYurophu ngezimo zezulu zayo ezithambile kwadala izinhlobo zokuzala ezikhiqiza umnandi kakhulu futhi ezimnandi kakhulu. Izihlahla zezimbali ezinomumo wekholomu eKrasnodar ziyisisekelo sokutshala izingadi zezimboni. Ingadi iyagcinwa icatshangelwa izici zomuthi.
Izici zokunakekelwa kwezihlahla zamakholoni
Okokuqala, udinga ukuthenga izinto ezisezingeni eliphezulu zokutshala. Ukuze ungalahli iminyaka yokulinda isimangaliso, udinga ukuthenga isithombo ngokubizayo futhi ngokuqondile enkulisa. Kunobuqili obuningi ekukhuleni kwe-scion nokusebenzisa isiphunzi. Kuhle uma isithombo sinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe.
Amapayipi ezihlahla zezithelo alungiswa ngokuya ngohlelo lwakudala. Kubalulekile ukuthi inhlabathi ibe nesikhathi sokuzinza, indunduma enengxube yomanyolo ihlanganisiwe. Ngokukhanyisa okungcono nokulondolozwa, izihlahla kufanele zitshalwe zilandelana ngemuva kuka-50-60 cm, futhi izindlela kufanele zishiywe ku-1.5 m.
Elinye lamaphutha ajwayelekile iwukujulisa indawo yokugoma. Uma le ngxenye yesinde isemhlabathini, ngeke kube khona izithelo.
Ukunakekelwa nokuthenwa kwesihlahla sezithelo ezinekholamu kunezimpawu. Ikholomu ikhula nezinso ezingaphezulu, ngakho-ke kumele ivikelweke kwisithwathwa nasemonakalweni. Ngeke kube khona okuphezulu - isihlahla sekholomu sizoshintsha sibe esivamile, ngenxa yokukhula kwamahlumela aseceleni. Amagatsha athenwa uma akhula ngamasentimitha angaphezu kuka-5-8. Amahlumela akhula kakhulu atyalwa ngo-June 20-25, ukuze ukusikwa komile nezithelo kuqhume ngaphambi kokuwa.
Eminyakeni yokuqala, izihlahla zathola ukukhula okuthe xaxa, kubalulekile ngalesi sikhathi ukulondolozela "i-hairstyle". Enye indawo esengozini kakhulu yokuqothulwa kwezimpande. Kuyadingeka ukufudumeza uhlelo lwezimpande ngamagatsha angama-spruce, izinto ezingezona ezilukiwe, kepha ukuvikela amagundane ekufinyeleleni isiqu. Ukushiswa yilanga kweziqu zemithi nakho kuyingozi. Izithelo zokukhula nezithelo zokukhula kwesihlahla kuyindlela yokuhluka.
Kubalulekile ngesikhathi futhi ukondla kahle izihlahla zezithelo ezinomumo wekoloni zazo zonke izinhlobo. Zenziwa emhlabeni futhi ziguqulwa zaba izithelo eziningi macro - kanye micronutrients. Amathani ama-5 we-nitrogen, ama-6 kg we-potassium, ama-3 kg we-phosphorus kudingeka ukuthi kusetshenzwe ngethoni eyodwa yama-apula. Lesi sitshalo sithatha umanyolo entwasahlobo, lapho izinqubo ze-biochemistry zande kakhulu, futhi ekwindla, lapho izimpande zikhula, nezinhlamvu zesitshalo esizayo zibekwa.
Ehlobo, konke ukwelashwa ngokumelene nezinambuzane nezinambuzane izifo kwenziwa ngempela, ngokusho kwetafula. Kepha njengoba umqhele mncane, ukuqoqwa kwezixazululo esihlahleni kuphansi kakhulu kunalesihlahla esichichimayo.
Ungahlela ukuchelela ingadi emigodini, emiseleni noma ekuniseleni ukuchelela. Indlela engcono kakhulu yamanzi ibhekwa njengokunisela okudonsa amanzi:
- amanzi akhishwa ngokuhambisana nesidingo somuthi;
- amandla okondla umanyolo oncibilikile;
- awekho amafomu agcwele ukugqwala; umoya ungena ezimpandeni;
- Uhlelo lwezimpande zezihlahla zezithelo ezinekoloni lucwecwe, luyimicu, futhi ukufakwa komswakama ngesikhathi sokunisela ngokudonsa amanzi kuyasebenza.
Ososayensi bathi izinhlobo ezinsundu zezihlahla zezithelo ziya ngokuya zithandwa kakhulu ezivandeni zezentengiso nezangasese. Isifiso sokutshala izihlahla eziningi ezahlukahlukene endaweni enqunyelwe ngangokunokwenzeka sinobulungiswa.
