Ingadi yonyaka nama-aster zisetshenziswa zingenye yezimbali ezithandwa kakhulu ezingadini zethu. Ungakhula kanjani kahle ama-aster kusuka ezinhlanyelweni, nini ukutshala izithombo, futhi kungenzeka yini ukuthola izitshalo eziqhakazayo ngemuva kokutshala ngokushesha emhlabathini?
Izinhlobo eziningi nezinhlobonhlobo ze-asters zikhangisa ama-floriculturists ngobukhazikhazi bazo nangezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, iphalethi emangalisayo yemibala nobuchwepheshe obulula obukhethekile bokulima. Izitshalo ezinamaphayiphu, ngisho nangokunakekelwa okuncane, ziyaqhakaza ngokuzithandela, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba lokhu kwenzeke kufanele kukhule.
Ungatshala kanjani imbewu ye-asters? Lapho ekhaya kungcono ukuqala ukuhlwanyela, ukuze ngesikhathi sokudlulisela emhlabathini ovulekile izithombo zikhulu futhi ziqinile?
Ukutshala izinsuku nokulungiselela imbewu ye-aster yokutshala
Isikhathi sama-asters aqhakaza ngokuya ngezinhlobo noma ezinhlobonhlobo. Izitshalo zonyaka zimbozwa ngezinhlamvu emva kwezinsuku ezingama-90-120 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, kanti izithombo zonyaka ziyaqhakaza kuphela ngonyaka olandelayo. Ngakho-ke, kuvame ukutshalwa emibhedeni yezimbali ngezithombo, ngemuva kokukhula kancane kwama-aster kusuka ezinhlanyelweni ekhaya.
Njengoba imbewu ye-astra ilahlekelwa ukumila kwayo eminyakeni engama-2-3, kufanele kusetshenziselwe izinto ezintsha zangonyaka odlule zokuhlwanyela.
Imbewu evela ezinkampanini eziqinisekisiwe ngemuva kokuvula iphakheji isilungele ukutshala. Enye into yimbewu eqoqiwe kusuka kwizimbali ozithandayo noma ezithengiwe ezandleni. Izinhlayiya zesikhunta eziyingozi zingahlala ebusweni bazo, ngakho-ke, impahla yembewu kufanele ifakwe nge-fungicide kulandela imiyalo.
Tshalwa nini imbewu ye-aster yezithombo ezikhulayo? Izitshalo ezincane zidluliselwa kwi-flowerbed lapho isikhathi samafrimu entwasahlobo sidlula, futhi inhlabathi ifudumele kuze kube ngu-+15 ° C okungenani. Emgqeni ophakathi nalokhu akwenzeki kuze kube maphakathi noMeyi. Amaviki ama-3-4 ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi, okungukuthi, engxenyeni yokuqala ka-Ephreli aqala ukutshala.
Inhlabathi yokutshala i-asters embewini yasekhaya
Ama-Asters awathobeki, ayahluma futhi akhule kahle emhlabathini wokuhlanganiswa okuhlukile, into esemqoka ukuthi ibe ngondlekile ngokulinganayo, ihlale ikhululeka futhi ilula. Ngokuhlwanyelayo, ungathatha indawo eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe yasendaweni yonke noma enezimbali, bese ufaka isihlabathi esincane somfula esigeziwe bese ukhulula, umswakama ogcina umswakama kuwo.
Ukuvikela izithombo, ingxube yenhlabathi kufanele ifudiswe kahle kuhhavini, ngokwesibonelo, esikhwameni sokubhaka, noma inzalo nganoma iyiphi enye indlela etholakalayo. Ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ungagculisa inhlabathi ngesisombululo esigcwalisiwe se-potanganum permanganate.
Uma unenhlabathi yengadi ne-turf inhlabathi ususondele, ungenza lesi sisekelo sangaphansi esifanele ukutshala i-asters enezinhlamvu ngokwakho, unezela uhhafu wesihlabathi kanye nengxenye yengxenye ye-perlite noma i-vermiculite ezingxenyeni ezimbili zenhlabathi.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-aster yezithombo
Imbewu yama-asters sikhulu impela, kodwa ilula, futhi amahlumela aqhamukayo kuzo angatheleleka ezifweni ezifweni ezisongela ukonakala nezikhunta. Ngakho-ke, lapho kuhlwanyelwa, imbewu isatshalaliswa phezu kwesigatshana esingcwelwe kuqala, kepha ayiqiniswanga, kepha ngokucophelela, ngesendlalelo esingafika ku-8 mm, sifafazwa ngesihlabathi esomile esine-calcine. Ukunisela okuqukethwe esitsheni emva kwalokhu akudingekile.
Kukhanya, ekushiseni, emazingeni okushisa ayi-15- 20 ° C kanye nomswakama ophakeme, imbewu isheshe ivuke, ivuvukale futhi iqhume. Amahlumela okuqala angabonakala esikhathini esingaphansi kwesonto.
Le nkathi ibaluleke kakhulu futhi inomthwalo wemfanelo. Ukuze kwehlise amazinga okushisa, ukunisela ngokweqile kanye nezinye izinguquko ezimweni zokukhula kwe-aster kuphendula ngomonakalo wokubola. Uma kubonakala "umlenze omnyama" ezitshalweni, izitshalo ezinjalo zisuswa ngokucophelela futhi zichithwe kanye nesigaxa somhlabathi. Izithombo ezisele zidinga ukuphathwa nge-fung fung
Lapho kuvela amaqabunga eqiniso kuma-asters, ayakhutshwa, adluliselwe ezinkomishi noma esitsheni esivamile, kodwa atshalwe kude kakhulu komunye nomunye. Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa amaseli we-peat lapho:
- akukho bungozi bokuthi kufakwe izitshalo, okunciphisa ingozi yesifo se-fusarium;
- lapho itshalwe emhlabathini, uhlelo lwezimpande aluhlupheki, izithombo aziguli futhi ngokushesha ziqala ukukhula.
Kuyasiza ukwengeza umanyolo oyinkimbinkimbi ku-substrate yezitshalo ezisencane, engaqukethe kuphela i-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium, kodwa futhi nokulandelela izinto.
Ngemuva kokukhetha, izithombo zidalulwa endaweni ekhanyayo evikelwe kusuka kokubhaliwe naselangeni eliqondile. Izitshalo ziyavuma zingakapheli izinsuku ezingama-7-10. Lapho amaqabunga wangempela e-4-5 evulelwa, yisikhathi sokwenza lukhuni, okwandisa isikhathi esichithwa ngaphandle esivulekile nsuku zonke. Ngokusungulwa kwesimo sezulu esifudumele, ama-aster akhule kusuka ezinhlwanyelweni ekhaya angatshalwa engadini.
Ukuhlwanyela imbewu ye-aster emhlabathini ovulekile
Izithombo ze-Spruce zingafa emazingeni okushisa aphansi we-zero, imbewu evuthiwe ye-aster ingabekezelela ngokuphelele amaqhwa ebusika futhi entwasahlobo inikeze amahlumela amahle. Le mpahla yesiko isetshenziswa abatshali bezimbali abangafuni ukukhathaza ukuhluma nokuhlwanyela ekhaya. Imbewu ihlwanyelwa ngokushesha emhlabathini endaweni yokukhula kwawo nezimbali.
Ungakhula kanjani ama-asters kusuka imbewu ngale ndlela? Kunezindlela ezimbili ongakhetha kuzo:
- ukuhlwanyela ekwindla sekwephuzile, lapho sekuvele kubanda impela, futhi akukho bungozi bokuvela kwamahlumela angafuneki;
- entwasahlobo ekuqaleni kweqhwa noma emhlabeni owonakele kuphela, ngaphansi kwefilimu noma okokumboza okuthile.
Imbewu etshalwe ekwindla iba ngaphansi kwemvelo, ngakho-ke izithombo zazo zivame ukuba namandla, zinobungane futhi zithinteke kancane lapho kushintsha isimo sezulu sentwasahlobo nezifo.
Tshala nini imbewu ye-aster uma isikhule ngaphandle? Ekwindla, ukuhlwanyelwa kwenziwa kusukela maphakathi no-Okthoba futhi, uma isimo sezulu sivumela, kuze kube sekupheleni kukaNovemba. Entwasahlobo, ungahlwanyela ngisho naseqhweni emhlabeni olungiselelwe ukusuka ekwindla kuze kube maphakathi no-Ephreli. Kulokhu, izindawo ezitshaliwe zimboziwe. Ithemu yesibili yokutshala kwentwasahlobo ka-asters enezinhlamvu iqala ngoMeyi, lapho ukushisa nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe kungasafuneki.
Ukuze izilimo zingabi mnene kakhulu, futhi amahlumela abe buthaka, imbewu itshaliwe:
- emhlabathini oswakanyiswe kahle;
- phakathi kwama-grooves ane-1-1,5 cm;
- ebangeni lesenti nesigamu.
Izilimo eziphezulu ezifafazwe ngengxube ye-peat-humus. Uma indawo yokukhosela iyadingeka ezitshalweni, isuswa ngokushesha lapho kuvela amahlumela amaningi esizeni. Esigabeni sokwakhiwa kwaleliqabunga, ukuthambisa izithombo kuyenziwa. Insalela akufanele ilahlwe; ama-aster akhule kusuka ezinhlwanyweni ezisendaweni evulekile avele kahle uma edluliselwa kwenye indawo.
