I-genus Actinidia ingeyomndeni we-actinidia futhi ingumvini onqenqisiwe. Amahlamvu wesitshalo yisizathu esiyinhloko sokukhula kwawo: unombala we-motley othakazelisayo. Izimbali, imvamisa zimhlophe, zakha amaqembu ayi-3, ezinhlotsheni eziningi azibhemi, kepha amanye ama-actinidia anephunga elimnandi.
Njengoba i-actinidia iyimbali ehlukanisayo, ekwakhiweni kwayo, izitshalo ezimbili zobulili obuhlukile ziyadingeka. Ungaqonda ukuthi iyiphi imbali yakho imbala ngokuyihlola - izintokazi zinesibhamu esikhulu maphakathi imbali, ngenkathi abesilisa bengazi. I-Actinidia ithela izithelo ezilungele ukusetshenziswa kwabantu.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo
Ezinhlotsheni eziningi zalesi sitshalo, ezintathu ziyatshalwa. Yima wedwa interspecific actinidia, isithembu futhi nzalo.
Impikiswano ka-Actinidia endle ikhula ibe usayizi omkhulu wamashumi ambalwa wamamitha. Ekhaya mncane kakhulu. Inezimbali ezingama-oval ezingenamikhawulo, ezimhlophe, ezimnandi kakhulu izimbali. Izithelo ziyahleleka, kepha zinezindawo ezibucayi ezixakile.
Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu: I-Actinidia autologous, ulwandle, enkulu izithelo.
Actinidia colomictus ibekezelela ukubanda kubusika kangcono kunanoma yiziphi ezinye izinhlobo. Amahlamvu ayindilinga, athambile, ngokuqhubeka kokushintsha umbala wawo. Izimbali emadodeni zihlanganiswa kuma-inflorescence, futhi kwabesifazane azishintshi.
Izinhlobo: Iphayinaphu, UDkt Shimanovsky, Gourmet.
I-Actinidia isithembu kufana nombono we-colomict. Amahlamvu yiwo okusaqanda, oblong, embozwe izindawo ezimhlophe. Kwesinye isikhathi izithako ze-hermaphrodite ezinezimbali ezi-bisexual ziyatholakala.
Izinhlobo: ibhilikotsi, ubuhle, iphenduliwe.
I-Actinidia aimurea ikhula kahle ikhula emthunzini. Akavamile ukukhula ezweni lethu ngenxa yokuthambekela okungajwayelekile kweqhwa.
I-Actinidia hybrid uvele ngokunqamula impikiswano ye-actinidia ne-actinidia Purpurea. Ngenxa yalenqubo, izinhlobo zezithelo ezinezithelo zomelana nokubandayo zidaliwe.
Izinhlobo: I-Kiev enkulu enezithelo, uswidi, isikhumbuzo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela i-Actinidia
I-Actinidia kufanele itshalwe ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ekwindla. Njengoba lesi sitshalo sihlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kudingeka sikhethe indawo efanelekayo yokukhula kuyo. Lomvini ukhula kahle emthunzini, kepha izithelo zawo zingavuthwa kuphela lapho zikhanyiswa yilanga. Ngakho-ke, udinga ukukhetha isayithi elizokhanyiswa kuze kube semini, bese kuthi phakathi nokushisa kwasemini kube semthunzini.
Awukwazi ukutshala i-actinidia eduze kwezihlahla zeapula, ngoba indawo enjalo iyithinta kabi. Lesi sitshalo asikhuli kahle emhlabathini wobumba. Ngalo, udinga ukukhetha inhlabathi evulekile nge-drainage enhle, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthi yi-alkali.
Kungcono ukutshala i-actinidia egqumeni noma emthambekeni, ngoba uma kungenjalo izimpande zesitshalo zizobola ngenxa yokuqina koketshezi.
Ukutshala entwasahlobo kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokuba ijusi liqale ukuhamba. Abantu ababodwa kudingeka batshalwe ngaphansi kwemitha ngaphandle. Uma ukufika kusenziwa eduze kodonga, khona-ke ungabeka amakhophi ebangeni elingama-50 cm.
Ngaphambi kokutshala, izimpande zesitshalo ziyahlolwa futhi zihlanzwe izingxenye ezibolile nezomile. Ngemuva kwalokho zibekwa endaweni yobumba.
Ukutshala i-Actinidia
Izinsuku eziyi-15 ngaphambi kokwehla, kudingeka ulungiselele isiza. Kuyimbiwa imigodi engamamitha ayihafu, kufakwa amanzi kuwo (noma kunjalo, ngaphandle kwezinto eziqukethe ulamula, ngoba ucisha inhlabathi). Ngemuva kwalokho umgodi ugcwala inhlabathi ehlanganiswe nokugqokwa kwe-peat kanye ne-mineral top (i-120 amagremu we-ammonium nitrate, amagremu angama-250 we-superphosphate kanye nama-35 amagremu womlotha wokhuni).
Kulokhu, awukwazi ukusebenzisa ukugqoka nge-chlorine. Ngemuva kwamaviki amabili, inhlabathi izozinza, futhi uzodinga ukugcwalisa inhlabathi ngaphandle komanyolo. Manje usungatshala i-actinidia; ibekwa ngendlela yokuthi intamo yezimpande isezingeni phezulu kwenhlabathi, bese izimpande zilele ukuze umgodi ugcwale.
Ngemuva kokutshala izitshalo, ziyaniselwa, futhi uzungu lumbozwe cm 4 we-peat mulch. Kuyatuswa futhi ukuthi kwenziwe uthango ukuze amakati angangeni ekufikeni, ngoba iphunga le-actinidia liwaheha.
Ekwindla, imbali itshalwa ezinsukwini eziyi-15-20 ngaphambi kokufika kweqhwa. Kunesimo sokutshala ngalesi sikhathi - ungatshala izitshalo ezisencane kuphela, ezingabi ngaphezu kweminyaka emithathu. Ama-anemone olwandle angatshalwa ngokuphepha eduze kwezindlu nama-gazebos, ngoba azinazimpande zezindiza.
Uma ungenzi ukusekela imivini, lapho-ke izokuxaka futhi kuzoba nzima ukuyinakekela, futhi nenani lezithelo lizokwehla. Ekukhuleni nasekuthuthukisweni kwesitshalo, kuzodingeka ukuthi siboshwe ngokusekelwa ukuze siqhubeke ukugoqa.
Kungcono ukunisela i-actinidia ngokufafaza, ukwenza lokhu ekuseni nakusihlwa. Kuzungeze izitshalo udinga ukukhulula umhlabathi ongashisi, ubhubhise nokhula.
Isengezo se-Actinidia
Gcoba i-liana ngamaminerali azosiza ukuthuthukisa ukukhula kweziqu, asize ukuhambisa ubusika futhi andise isivuno. Ngokuqala kwentwasahlobo, udinga ukwenza amagremu ama-35 we-nitrogen kanye nama-20 amagremu we-potassium-phosphorus fertilizing ngemitha elilodwa lomhlaba.
Okwesibili kufanele ugcobe imbali ngenkathi kusungulwa amaqanda. Kufanele wenze amagremu ama-20 we-nitrogen ne-10 potash ne-phosphorus ngemitha eyodwa.
Engxenyeni yesibili kaSeptemba, kwenziwa umanyolo wesithathu. Okwamanje, kufakwe amagremu angama-20 we-potassium-phosphorus top dress ngemitha yesikwele. Ngemuva komanyolo, izitshalo kufanele ziniselwe kahle.
I-Trinming Actinidia
Ukuze iziqu zinganikeli amanye amagatsha, futhi lawo, akhula ngokwengeziwe, kufanele abekwe ekutheneni okwakhayo. Qaphela ukuthi imivini yabantu abadala kuphela efinyelele eminyakeni emi-4 ubudala engalungiswa ngale ndlela.
Inqubo kufanele yenziwe phakathi ehlobo, emva kwalokho iziqu zisatshalaliswe kanye nokusekelwa. Futhi, ukunamathisela emaphethelweni ngeziqu kusithinta kahle isitshalo.
Lapho i-Actinidia ineminyaka eyisishiyagalombili ubudala, kufanelekile ukwenza izihlahla zokuvuselela kabusha - lokhu kusho ukuthi yi-40 cm kuphela yesiqu ezosala esitshalweni.
Musa ukunquma entwasahlobo noma ekuqaleni kokuwa. Lokhu kugcwele ukufa kwesitshalo ngenxa yokulahlekelwa ujusi.
Ngemuva maphakathi no-Septhemba, usike iziqu ngesigamu bese usika amagatsha. Lokhu kwenzelwa izinhloso zokuhlanzeka. Uma umqhele mkhulu kakhulu, isitshalo asibekezeleli kahle ubusika. Ngokuthola kweminyaka engu-3-4 yobudala, i-actinidia izoqala ukuthela izithelo.
Ukulungiselela i-Actinidia ebusika
Ebusika, izitshalo ezisencane zidinga ukususwa kusekela futhi zifakwe ngamahlamvu. Lungiselela ibhola elihehayo lokufakelwa - cishe amasentimitha angama-20. Kungokwalule futhi ukuthi ungeze ubuthi kumagundane ngaphansi kwawo. I-Actinidia yakudala ebusika ayikwazi ukucasha.
Ukuzala kwe-Actinidia
Ukwenza lula i-actinidia kulula. Into esemqoka ukuthi ukhumbule ukuthi izindlela zemifino zidlulisela izici zobulili zofuzo.
Indlela yembewu ayilungile ngoba uma isetshenziswa, izinhlamvu ezihlukile ziyalahleka, futhi akunakwenzeka ukuthola ubulili besitshalo. Kepha ukusakazeka kwembewu kune-plus: izitshalo ezitholakala ngale ndlela zikhuthazela kakhulu.
Izithelo ze-actinidia ezitholwe ngendlela yezitshalo zivela ngonyaka wesithathu, ngembewu - ngolwesihlanu noma wesikhombisa.
Ukusakazeka kwe-Actinidia ngokulambisa
Ukusakazeka kwe-actinidia ngezingqimba ze-arc mhlawumbe kuyindlela elula nethembekile kunazo zonke yokuthola isitshalo esisha. Lapho ukunyakaza kwentwasahlobo kwamajusi kuphela futhi kuqhamuke amaqabunga amancane, thatha isiqu esinamandla bese usinamathisela emhlabathini.
Bese ufafaza ihlumela ngenhlabathi, wakhe indunduma ngaphezulu kwawo, kodwa uqiniseke ukuthi ichopho lesiqu lihlala livulekile. Okulandelayo, zama ukunisela ukweluka bese usula indawo ezungeze ukhula, futhi ekwindla isitshalo esisha siyobe sesilungele ukufakelwa.
Ukusakazeka kwe-actinidia ngezihlahla
Ama-cutways ayindlela esheshayo yokusabalalisa i-actinidia. Yenza inqubo ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho iziqu ziba nsundu.
Ukusabalalisa i-actinidia ngemisiko, sinqume amagatsha ambalwa angaphansi konyaka owodwa ngaphambi kosuku lwasemini. Ngemuva kwalokho zihlukaniswe izingxenye eziyi-10 cm ukuze ngayinye yazo ibe nezinso ezi-3 nama-2ode. Ukusika okuphansi kwenziwa nge-engela. Asusa amaqabunga aphansi, kuthi ongaphezulu abe yisigamu ubude.
Ngemuva kwalokhu, impahla itshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa enhlabathini ene-acidity ephansi (izingxenye ezi-2), kuxutshaniswe ne-humus (izingxenye ezi-2) nesihlabathi somfula (isabelo esingu-1), kanye nokufakwa kwezimbiwa eziyinkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kwe-chlorine.
Ama-cutways atshalwe engxenyeni engama-60 °, egcina ama-6 cm phakathi kwabantu ngamunye no-10 phakathi kwemigqa. Ngemuva kwalokhu, okusetshenziswayo kuyaniselwa, inhlabathi icindezelwa kancane iphinde iniselwe futhi, bese izithombo ziphindwa kabili nge-gauze ehlanganisiwe.
Kuze kube ukuqothula kwezimpawu sekuphelile, ukusikwa kuzodinga ukuniselwa kuze kube kahlanu ngosuku, ngokufafaza, lokhu ungakwenza ngokuphephela. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15, i-gauze iyasuswa. Ebusika, impahla ifakwa emgodleni, futhi entwasahlobo isivele itshalwe kusayithi elisha.
Ukusakazeka kwesiqu se-Actinidia
I-Actinidia nayo ingasakazwa ngeziqu ezinamabala.
Ukuze wenze lokhu, adinga ukusikwa ekugcineni kwenkathi yasekwindla, aboshwe futhi aboshwe ngokuqinile esihlabathini ekushiseni okungaphezu kuka-5 ° C.
Ukutshala kwezinto kwenziwa ku-greenhouse futhi kuniselwe izinsuku ezimbalwa. Futhi-ke ukunakekela izithombo akufani nokufana nokusikwa okuluhlaza.
Imbewu Actinidia
Ukusizakala ngokusakazwa kwembewu, udinga ukuqoqa imbewu ezithambile ezivuthiwe. Bafakwa nge-gauze, kuxoxwe futhi kugezwe. Ngemuva kwalokhu, imbewu iyakhethwa futhi yomiswe ephepheni emthunzini.
Ekuqaleni kukaDisemba, imbewu ibekwa izinsuku ezine emanzini, ukuze uketshezi lumboze amasentimitha ambalwa kuphela. Ngasikhathi sinye, amanzi adinga ukushintshwa nsuku zonke.
Ngemuva kwalokho, okubhaliwe kusongwe ngendwangu yenayoni bese kugcinwa esitsheni esinesihlabathi esingavuthiwe emazingeni okushisa ayi-19 ° C. Njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, indwangu idinga ukususwa iphinde ingene imizuzu engu-5, emva kwalokho imbewu iyagezwa, ibuye ihlanganiswa ngendwangu bese ifakwa esihlabathini. Okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuthi impahla kufanele ihlale imanzi njalo.
Maphakathi nobusika, isitsha esinesihlabathi kanye nembewu singafakwa esibondeni seqhwa. Uma ubusika bebungelona iqhwa, khona-ke ibhokisi lifakwa esiqandisini egumbini lezemifino. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-60, isitsha esinezinhlamvu sibekwa egumbini elinamazinga okushisa esifundeni esingu-11 ° C.
Njengaphambi kokupholisa, imbewu idinga ukugezwa njalo ezinsukwini eziyi-7, kuthi uma kutholwa ukuhluma, kuhlwanyelwe enhlabathini kusuka esihlabathini somfula nasemhlabathini we-sod. Ukufiswa kwenziwa ku-5 mm.
Kubekwa isitsha esinezitshalo ezitshaliwe emthunzini oyingxenye, sidinga ukufafazwa njalo. Ngokuvela kwamaqabunga amathathu eqiniso ezitshalweni, angena ngaphakathi kwegreenhouse. Izimbali zokuqala zizovela maduze, futhi ngenxa yalokho ubulili besitshalo kuze kube yileso sikhathi awukwazi ukunquma.
Izifo Nezinambuzane
Ama-Actinidia akuvamile ukuthi agule futhi angazweli ezimweni zokuhlaselwa yizimbungu, kodwa uma kwenzeka ephula imithetho yokunakekelwa, kukhona amacala okonakala kwesitshalo. Izikhathi eziningi kuba nezinkinga nge-powdery isikhutha kanye nesikhunta ahlukahlukene. Kutholwe futhi ukubola kwezithelo, isikhunta grey.
- I-Powdery mildew ichithwe nesixazululo esibuthakathaka somlotha we-soda. Izifo ezishiwo zilwa ngokunciphisa izingxenye ezinegciwane, kanye nokwelashwa kokuvinjwa nge-Bordeaux fluid emva kokwakhiwa kwezinso kanye nezinye izinsuku eziyi-15 okokuqala ngqa.
Phakathi kwezinambuzane, amabhungane amaqabunga abhubhisa izinso kaningi anamathela ku-actinidia. Futhi kunqotshwa amabhungane amabhungane kanye nama-lacewings.
