Igama livela kumagama esiGreek athi 'callinos' - amahle futhi 'stephos' - umqhele, ama-inflorescence ngesakhiwo afana nomqhele. I-Astra - elihunyushwe lisuselwa esiGrekini lisho "inkanyezi".
Inganekwane yasendulo ithi u-aster wakhula elucezwini lothuli olwehla lwasenkanyezi. Kudala eGreece yasendulo, abantu babejwayelene nomlingo i-Virgo, owawuhlotshaniswa nonkulunkulukazi wothando u-Aphrodite. Ngokusho kwenganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi, i-aster yaqhamuka ngothuli lwasemhlabeni lapho iNcasakazi ibheka esibhakabhakeni ikhala. KumaGrikhi asendulo, u-aster wayefanekisela uthando.
Kukhona inkolelo yokuthi uma ume phakathi kwe-aster ebusuku ulalele ngokucophelela, ungezwa ukukhononda okuncane: yibo aster abanengxoxo engapheli nodadewabo bezinkanyezi.
Kunenye inganekwane ngokubonakala kwama-asters emhlabeni: izindela ezimbili zamaTaoist zanquma ukuya ezinkanyezini. Bahamba isikhathi eside behamba ehlathini elinameva. Bahamba bedlula emahlathini omjunipha. Sakhwela izintaba ezingabonakali kalula. Igqunywe ezintabeni zeqhwa eziqhwa. Kuze kube yilapho befika esiqongweni sentaba ephakeme kunazo zonke ye-Altai. Kepha, lapho befika phezulu, babona ukuthi izinkanyezi bezisaphakeme esibhakabhakeni futhi zazingasondeli. UDolog wayeyindlela ebuyela emuva. Izindela zazingenakho nokudla noma amanzi asele, zadonsela isidumbu egazini, zaklebhula izingubo zazo. Cishe ngaphandle kwamandla, behla bevela ezintabeni, baphumela endaweni enhle, lapho kwakukhona khona umfudlana ohlanzekile nezimbali ezinhle. “Bheka,” kusho enye yezindela, “asikho nzima ukubona ubuhle bezinkanyezi esibhakabhakeni, futhi, kuvela ukuthi, bahlala lapha emhlabeni.” Bemba belethela izitshalo eziningana endlini yezindela baqala ukutshala lezi zimbali, bezibiza ngokuthi ama-asters, okusho ngesiLatini kusho izinkanyezi.
E-China, i-asters ifanekisela ubuhle, ukucacisa, ubuhle, ubuhle nokuthobeka..
KumaHungary, le mbali ihlotshaniswa nekwindla, ngakho-ke eHungary i-aster ibizwa nge- "rose rose". Ezikhathini zasendulo, abantu babekholelwa ukuthi uma kungaphonswa umlilo amaqabunga ambalwa ka-aster emlilweni, intuthu evela kulo mlilo ingaxosha izinyoka.
Imbali ka-Aster iwuphawu lwabesifazane abazalwa ngaphansi kophawu lwe-Virgo. I-Astra iwuphawu lokudabuka. Le mbali yathathwa njengesipho kumuntu ovela konkulunkulu, i-amulet, amulet, inhlayiya yenkanyezi yakhe ekude. Ngakho-ke, ukudabuka okufanekiselwa nguye ukudabuka ngeparadesi elahlekile, ukungakwazi kwakhekela ezulwini.
I-Garden Astra (Callistephus chinensis)I-Callistefus Chinese, noma i-Astra yonyaka - Callistephus chinensis.
Ezweni lasekhaya - eningizimu-ntshonalanga yeMpumalanga Ekude, China, Mongolia, Korea.
Umuthi waminyaka yonke onesistimu yezimpande enamandla, e-fibrous, enamagatsha anamanzi kakhulu. Iziqu ziluhlaza, kwesinye isikhathi zibomvu, zilukhuni, ziqondile, zilula noma zinezimbali. Amaqabunga ahlelwe ngokulandelana okulandelayo, aphansi kuma-petioles, ebanzi i-oval noma i-oval-rhombic, ene-coarse-toothed, i-serrate noma i-humped eceleni komngcele; abangaphezulu bahlala phansi. I-inflorescence ubhasikidi oqukethe izimbali zomhlanga nezimbali. Iqhakaza kusuka ngoJulayi kuye ekwindla sekwephuzile. Izithelo ziyi-achene. Imbewu ivuthwa ngezinsuku ezingama-30-40 ngemuva kokuqalwa kwezimbali, gcina ukusebenza iminyaka emi-2-3. Ku-1 g 450-500 imbewu.
I-aster yasendle yasendle ingumhlobiso omncane. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-hybrid zisetshenziswe emasikweni isikhathi eside, ziyehluka ngesimo, ubukhulu, ukwakheka nombala wama-inflorescence; ngesimo nangobukhulu besihlahla nesikhathi sokuqhakaza.
Indawo: isitshalo esithwebula izithombe, simelana nokubanda. Ifinyelela ekuhlobiseni okukhulu kakhulu lapho ikhule ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okulinganiselayo nomswakama komoya nenhlabathi, ithanda izindawo ezivulekile, ezinelanga, kepha ibekezelela umthunzi okhethiweyo.
Inhlabathi: ikhula kahle kunhlabathi, nenhlabathi evundile ene-acidity esondele kokungathathi hlangothi. Ukwethulwa komquba ngaphansi kwalesi sitshalo kuholela ekunqotshweni kwezitshalo nguFusarium. Ngalesi sizathu, awukwazi ukutshala ama-asters ngemuva kwama-gladioli, ama-tulips, ama-carnation bese ubuyela kwisiza esedlule ngaphambili kunangemva kweminyaka engama-4-5. Abandulelayo abahamba phambili yi-calendula nama-tagete. Ekwindla, ngaphansi kokumba kwenhlabathi ejulile, kunconywa ukungeza ama-2-4 kg we-humus noma i-compost nge-1 m2, ngaphambi kokumba kwentwasahlobo - 20-40 g ye-superphosphate, 15-20 g we-ammonium sulfate, 15-20 g kasawoti we-potassium. Imithamo yomquba ikhonjiswa ngokungenangqondo. Imithamo ethile kufanele ibalwe ngokusekelwe ekuhlaziyeni kwezolimo amasampula omhlabathi.
Ukunakekelwa
Inhlabathi enhle kakhulu ye-asters iyisivundiso, ilambu elincane noma inhlabathi enesihlabathi eshibhile enokusabela okungathathi hlangothi. Emhlabathini onesihlabathi esingenalutho noma wobumba, ama-aster abonakala ezalwa, okungukuthi, esikhundleni sezimbali ezinkulu zomhlaba, kukhula izimbali ezilula nezingezona zomhlaba. Izindawo zithanda ilanga, nomswakama olinganiselayo.
Ukuzala
Ama-Asters akhula kahle izithombo - lokhu kuyashesha futhi kwandise ukuqhakaza kwawo. Ukuthola izithombo, ama-asters ayihlwanyelwa egumbini ekugcineni kukaMashi ebhokisini elinenhlabathi yengadi. Phezulu ngesendlalelo somhlaba esincanyana (1 cm), siniselwa ngokucophelela futhi simbozwe ifilimu noma ingilazi. Imbewu ka-Aster inogobolondo obukhulu, kepha imila ngokushesha - izinsuku ezingama-3-5 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela ekushiseni komoya okungama-degrees angama-18-20. Kungcono ukuthatha imbewu esitshalweni sangonyaka odlule.
Izithombo ziniselwa ngokulinganayo, futhi lapho kuqala amaqabunga amabili angempela, ziyabanjiswa (zitshalwe) ebhokisini elinokuphakama okungama-8 cm kanye nebanga phakathi kwezitshalo ezinamasentimitha ayi-3. Lapho ukhetha, izimpande ze-asters ziyagawulwa. Esikhathini esizayo - ukuchelela ngokulinganisela kanye nokukhulula. Ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, izitshalo ezincane kufanele ziyiswe emoyeni omusha.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, izithombo kufanele zibe nesibindi esiqinile esingu-6-10 cm namaqabunga amakhulu amathathu aluhlaza. Isikhathi sokutshala engadini yezimbali sisukela ekuqaleni kukaMeyi. Ama-Asters awesabi amafrikhisi akhanyayo, abekezelele ukufakelwa kahle futhi ngokushesha aqande izimpande.. Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo ngesikhathi sokutshala: izinhlobo eziphezulu - 40 cm, medium - 30, low - 15 cm.
Imbewu ye-asters ingahlwanyelwa ngqo emhlabathini ngokushesha nje lapho kubanjiswa umhlabathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izitshalo ziqiniswe kangcono, zingatheleleki kalula ezifweni, kepha ziyaqhakaza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
I-Asters iyakubekezelela ukufakelwa kwezimbali ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izimbali. Ngemuva kokuqala kwesithwathwa, ungimba isitshalo ngenhlama yomhlaba, usitshele ebhodweni usibeka efasiteleni - u-aster uzoqhubeka ukuqhakaza.
Isifo
I-Fusarium I-Fusarium wilting, noma i-fusarium aster, yisifo fungal esibangelwa omunye amakhowe we-genus Fusarium. Lesi sifo kwesinye isikhathi sivele ngokusobala ezitshalweni ezindala, esigabeni sokufuthwa kanye nesiqalo sezimbali. Izinyathelo ezinqala zokulwa nalesi sifo azikaze zidalwe. Kodwa-ke, kunezindlela zokulawula zokuvimbela ezinganciphisa izehlakalo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba i-aster idale ukujikeleza kwezilimo esizeni, kanye nokujikeleza kwezitshalo ezindaweni ezinkulu. I-Astra kufanele ihambisane nezinye izitshalo zezimbali nezemifino ukuze ibuyele endaweni yayo yasekuqaleni kungakafiki isikhathi esiyisi-5, mhlawumbe eminyakeni eyi-6.
Esizeni esilungiselelwe ukutshala i-asters, umuntu akufanele alethe umquba nomquba omusha, kepha ngumquba kuphela nomquba ojikelezwe kahle. Zonke izindlela ezandisa ukumelana ngokomzimba kwezitshalo zandisa ukumelana nokulimazeka kweFusarium, okuyilezi: ukwelashwa kokuhlwanyelwa kwangaphambi kokuhlwanyelwa ngezixazululo ze-microelement, ukukhula izithombo ezinempilo, izithombo eziqinile, ukugqoka okuphezulu okuphezulu ngomanyolo we-macro kanye ne-micronutrient. Izitshalo akufanele zitshalwe ngokweqile, kuyadingeka ukuthi ama-aisles angena umoya omncane futhi namanzi awahlali entanyeni yempande. Izitshalo ezitheleleke ngeFusarium kufanele zisuswe ngokushesha endaweni noma engadini yezimbali. Akufanele zingcwatshwe emhlabathini noma zivundiswe. Ngempela badinga ukushiswa. Futhi-ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhetha izinhlobo ezingamelana kakhulu neFusarium zokutshala. Futhi ziningi izinhlobo ezinjalo.
Ehlobo elimanzi, ngaphezu kweFusarium, i-aster ingathinteka ngokubola okungwevu, i-verticillosis, i-powdery hlobo. Lapho silwa nalezi zifo, ukwelashwa ngezikhathi ezithile ngamalungiselelo afana ne-fundazole kuyasiza.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziyavela ku-aster - i-jaundice ne-cucic mosaic. Ukuvimbela lezi zifo, kuyadingeka ukubhekana nokuvela kwama-aphid ngezikhathi ezithile. Lesi yisithwali esikhulu sezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ezitshalweni. Izitshalo ezithelelekile ngegciwane ziyasuswa futhi zishiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Akufanele zingcwatshwe noma zenziwe umquba.
Izinambuzane
Izinso aphid. Kulimaza izitshalo ezincane ngisho nasezitini, lapho izitshalo zinamaqabunga ayiqiniso ayi-3-4. Ama-aphid ezinso abangela ukuvela kwamaqabunga phezulu kwezitshalo. Amaqabunga ancibilikile.
Izindlela zokulawula: ukufafaza nge-chlorophos, karbofos, depis noma i-Inta-Vir kuyasetshenziswa. Ukufafaza kufanele kwenziwe kusenesikhathi lapho izitshalo zingenawo amaqabunga eqiniso angaphezu kwesine.
Ngaphezu kwama-aphid, ama-aster angalinyazwa yimiphumela kagwayi, ukudonsa amaphenti, izimbungulu zekhula. Eningizimu yezwe, kulinyazwe kakhulu inundu likabhekilanga. Ukulwa nabo basebenzise izidakamizwa ezivunyiwe nezithengiswayo.
© Kor! An
Izinhlobo
Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kwama-600 ze-asters. Ziyahluka ngobude, isikhathi sezimbali, inhloso yokutshala nokwakheka kwezimbali.
Ngokusho kwesikhathi sokuqhakaza, ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu amakhulu ama-3:
- Abokuqala. Isikhathi kusuka ekuhlumeni kuya ekuqaleni kokuqhakaza kwezimbali yizinsuku ezingama-83-115. Qhakaza kusukela ekuqaleni kukaJulayi kuya kuSepthemba.
- Okuphakathi. Izinsuku ezingama-116-122. Qhakaza kusuka ngasekupheleni kukaJulayi kuya ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti kuya kuSepthemba. Izinhlobo eziningi zaleli qembu.
- Ukuhamba kwesikhathi. 123- 131 izinsuku. Qhakaza kusukela maphakathi no-Agasti uye ekwindla sekwephuzile.
Ukuphakama kuhlukaniswe ngamaqembu ayi-5:
- mfishane. Kufika kuma-25 cm.
- ngaphansi. Kufika kuma-35 cm.
- usayizi ophakathi nendawo. Kufika kuma-60 cm
- mude. Kufika kuma-80 cm.
- omkhulu. Ngaphezulu kwama-80 cm.
Ngesimo sokusetshenziswa zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3:
- Ukuzisika. Mude, ngama-inflorescence amakhulu e-terry kanye nama-peduncle amade.
- Ikhekhe. Iphansi, icwecwe, ilungele imibhede yezimbali, futhi ikhula ezimbizeni zewindows, izindlu zokugcina izithombo.
- Universal. Izitshalo eziphakathi nendawo ezinamakhompiyutha anama-peduncle amade nama-inflorescence amakhulu. Sebenzisa imibhede yokusika neyezimbali.
Ngokwakheka kwama-inflorescence ahlukaniswe ngamaqembu ama-3:
- Tubular. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe izimbali ze-tubular kuphela, ezimfishane noma ezinde ngombala ohlukile noma ofanayo.
- Okwesikhashana. Ama-inflorescences aqukethe umhlanga nezimbali ze-tubular. Izimbali zomhlanga zitholakala emigqeni engu-1-2, ukugcwaliswa kwamashubhu maphakathi, kwakha imbali.
- Umhlanga. Zonke izimbali ku-inflorescence zingumhlanga noma i-tubular nomhlanga, kepha umhlanga usimboza ngokuphelele i-tubular. Phakathi komhlanga, izinhlobo eziyisithupha ziyahlukaniswa: i-tile enomzimba obunjiwe, obunjwe ngopiyela, obunjwe ngo-chrysanthemum, obunjwe ngenaliti, obengezelayo, obubanzi.
© Kor! An
Kusukela ngiseyingane, ngiyakhumbula ukuthi ngokuziqhenya ngaya esikoleni ngoSepthemba 1 ngenqwaba yama-asters amahle! Impela - lezi zimbali ziwuphawu ekwindla!
