Isendlalelo sezitshalo zasendlini sibanikeza zonke izakhamzimba ezidingekayo ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Ngenxa yenani elilinganiselwe lomhlabathi, izinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokufakelwa, izinqolobane zama-macro- kanye nama-microelements adingekayo ezitshalweni ziyaphela, futhi izilwane ezifuywayo ezifuywayo ziqala ukuthembela kuzinyathelo ezibuyisa inani lomsoco lomhlabathi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu akuyona kuphela eyinhloko, kodwa futhi iphuzu elibalulekile ekunakekeleni izitshalo. Njengokunisela, kusizakala kuphela lapho kwenziwa ngokufanele nangesikhathi esifanele.
Ungazondla nini futhi kanjani izitshalo zasendliniUkukhetha okuyikho kwe-substrate kubalulekile zombili kusuka endaweni yokubukwa yokwakha umoya ofanele futhi ophakathi nendawo osebenzayo ukuze kuthuthukiswe uhlelo lwezimpande, kanye nenkambo efanelekile yokufakelwa umswakama nezakhi zomhlabathi ezivela enhlabathini. Kepha okuhle kodwa okusezingeni eliphakeme, eliphakeme, elikhethwe ngokucophelela, kucatshangelwa zonke izici ngazinye, isilinganisi sezitshalo zasendlini njengomthombo wezakhi kusebenza kuphela emavikini okuqala, nasezitshalweni ezikhetha inhlabathi enqabileyo, izinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokufakelwa. Ngokungafani nemvelo, izakhamzimba enhlabathini ebunjiwe azivuseleli noma ziphinde ziphenduke ngenxa yezinqubo zezinto eziphilayo. Futhi ngisho nokunikezwa okuningi okuhle kuyakhathala ngokushesha okukhulu.
Umanyolo wokutshala izilimo zasendlini zenzelwe ngqo ukugcina indawo yezakhi ezinzile, inxephezela ukuncipha kwesakhiwo esingaphansi komhlaba kanye nokufinyelela okuqhubekayo kwesitshalo kuzo zonke izakhi ezidingekayo. Ngokufanelekile, umbuzo wokuthi kunesidingo sokugqoka izitshalo zasendlini ulula kanjani: ukugqoka kwenziwa lapho i-substrate ingasakwazi ukuhlinzeka izitshalo ngazo zonke izinto ezinkulu ezenziwa ngama-macro- nama-microelements. Uma izitshalo zitshalwa kabusha ngonyaka, lapho-ke ukuzidalela zona kudlala indima encane kunalezi zinto ezingafani nokufakelwa: ukuqala ngonyaka olandelayo, isitshalo esisekulondeni komzimba kuzoncika ngokuphelele ohlelweni lwaso lokunakekela.
Imvamisa into ebaluleke kakhulu emigqokeni yokugqoka ukukhetha komanyolo uqobo. Umanyolo okhethekile wezitshalo zokuhlobisa neziqabulayo, izitshalo eziqhakazayo, ama-cacti, ama-orchid, izihlahla zesundu, ama-bromeliads, ama-roses namanye amalungiselelo amaningi akuvumela ukuthi unqande i-assortment yakho kumanyolo wendawo yonke. Kulula ukukhetha umanyolo - funda nje izincomo zesitshalo esithile futhi uqiniseke ukuthi isilinganiso se-nitrogen, phosphorus ne-potassium siyahlangabezana nezinto abazithandayo. Kepha kuneminye imikhondo emibili yokugqoka ephezulu enquma "ukunemba" kwabo. Odabeni lokufaka umanyolo izitshalo zasendlini Kubaluleke kakhulu lapho kudliwa kwenziwa futhi kwenziwa kanjani.
Ukugqoka okungafani kwama-orchid angaphakathi enomanyolo okhethekile we-liquidUkondla izitshalo zasendlini nini?
Izitshalo zasendlini zondliwa kuphela phakathi kwezimila ezisebenzayo, lapho izingxenye ezingaphansi komhlaba nangaphezulu zikhula futhi zikhula kuzo. Kungalesi sikhathi lapho kuzofakwa khona umanyolo. Umthetho onjalo awusho nakancane ukuthi lokhuondla okufanele kwenziwa kuphela entwasahlobo nasehlobo: kukhona nezitshalo ezingagcini nje ngokuba nesikhathi sokuphumula okugcwele nokuthuthuka unyaka wonke, kodwa futhi nezinkanyezi eziqhakaza ekwindla nasebusika. Khetha isikhathi lapho udinga ukondla isitshalo ngasinye, siyadingeka ngokuya ngohlaza lwaso kanye nezimpawu zaso.
Entwasahlobo nasehlobo, zonke izitshalo zidinga umanyolo. Isikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo kwezilimo, ngisho nokukhula ngaphakathi, siqala ngokwanda kwesikhathi samahora okukhanya kosuku namandla okukhanya. Imvamisa, ukuqala kwesizini yokukhula kwehla ngoMashi, futhi uma isimo sezulu sihle, kuqala ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari. Futhi nalokhu, isikhathi sokugqoka esiphezulu esisebenzayo siqala. Izitshalo ezisebenzayo ziphela ekwindla, kuncishiswa okuhambisanayo amahora okukhanya kosuku namandla amakhulu okukhanya. Ukuncishiswa kwesizini kokukhanyisa kuvame ukuzibonakalisa ngo-Okthoba, ngakho-ke isikhathi sokudla kwendabuko sivame ukuqedwa ngoSepthemba.
Akulula kangako ukuthola indlela yokugqoka ephezulu ekwindla nasebusika:
- Uma lesi sitshalo sesiya enkambeni egcwele futhi siyeka ngokuphelele ukukhula, ukugqoka phezulu ekwindla nasebusika akuqhutshwa nhlobo. Imvamisa, izitshalo ezinamabala amakhulu nezinkulu, izitshalo eziqhakazayo, amacembe okulahla noma yonke ingxenye yesitshalo edinga ukuyeka ukondla.
- Ukwehla kwamahora okukhanya kosuku, ukuncipha kokukhula, ubusika obupholile, nesikhathi esiyingqayizivele sidinga ukwehla nokuncipha kokufakwa komanyolo esikhathini sekwindla nobusika. Isibonelo, ezitshalweni eziningi zokuhlobisa nezishukumisayo, noma zinqabile, kepha zigcina izimo ezinzile, ukugqoka phezulu kobusika kuyadingeka ukuze kulondolozwe ubuhle bamaqabunga.
- Uma isitshalo siqhakaza ngenkathi ebandayo noma ekwindla, khona-ke umanyolo uyaqhubeka nokusetshenziswa kuyo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, ukufaka umanyolo wezitshalo zasendlini kusukela ngo-Okthoba kuya kuFebhuwari kungenzeka kuphela uma lesi sitshalo sithola izinga elikhanyayo lokukhanya futhi singekho ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya. Izilimo ezingadingi ukugqokwa phezulu ngalesi sikhathi, uhlelo lomanyolo lungaholela ekushisweni kohlelo lwezimpande kanye nokuqongelela ngokweqile kwezakhi zomzimba ezingabambeki. Ngisho nezilimo ezikhula ebusika nangale kwalokho, ngenxa yezici zonyaka nokukhanyisa okuncishisiwe, zisazinciphisa izidingo zazo zomsoco, futhi ngaphandle kokulungiswa kokufaka umanyolo, nazo ziyohlushwa umanyolo.
Ukuze ungadideki ngezinsuku nangezikhathi zokugqoka okusebenzayo okuphezulu nasekwenzeni kwawo okuphelele noma okuyingxenye, kwanele ukutadisha ngokucophelela izici zesakhiwo ngasinye sombhalo ngamunye - ulwazi hhayi ngokushisa noma ukukhanyisa kuphela, kepha futhi nokuthi iziphi izitshalo ezidinga ukunakekelwa. Imvamisa, izincomo zinikezela lonke imininingwane edingekayo mayelana nezici zalolu hlobo, imvamisa yesicelo esithandwayo kanye nokwakheka komanyolo. Kukhona izitshalo ezithanda ushintsho olungazwisiseki kuhlelo lokudla, futhi lezo izikhathi lapho umquba wenziwa khona ngenkuthalo kufanele ziqale futhi ziphele kancane kancane.
Izikhathi zokuphakelwa kwendawo yonke ziyahlukahluka ezitshalweni ezisanda kutholwa nezenziwe kabusha. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngemuva kokufakelwa kuqala ukwenziwa kuphela ngenyanga ngenyanga engenasisekelo nangemva kwezinyanga ezingama-2-3 - kwezitshalo eziqinile nezingadingi kakhulu. Lapho uthenga izitshalo musa zalisa hhayi kuphela ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa, kodwa futhi phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala emva kwalo, uqala kabusha futhi kancane kancane. Ukugqokisa okuphezulu akuqhutshekiselwa izitshalo ezithinteka yizifo noma izinambuzane, kuzisuse ngokuphelele ohlelweni lokunakekelwa kuze kube kuphothula inqubo yokwelashwa.
Ukugqoka okhethekile (okwengeziwe) okuphezulu kwenziwa lapho noma yisiphi isitshalo sikhombisa izimpawu ezicacile zokuntuleka kwezakhi ezithile zomzimba. Ukuvela kwamabala emaqabungeni, ukuphonsa amaqabunga kanye nama-buds, ukumisa noma ukunciphisa ijubane lokukhula, ubuncane bezimbali, ukuntuleka kokuqhakaza, ukufiphaza amaqabunga - konke lokhu kukhombisa ukondliwa okungafanele. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokufaka umanyolo ukuhlinzeka konke okuswela isitshalo. Ukugqoka okujwayelekile kwe-liquid top ngeke kulethe imiphumela ngokushesha; ukubuyiselwa kokunakekelwa okujwayelekile kuzosiza izitshalo ukuthi ziphinde zisheshe, kanye nezinyathelo ezenezelwe ukugqoka phezulu kwepholiar.
Yondla izitshalo zasendlini ngesikhathi sokuchelelaUngasifaka kanjani isicelo somanyolo?
Ukuze ungenzi iphutha futhi ondle ngendlela efanele, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ngokuqinile imiyalo esetshenzisiwe, enikeza lonke ulwazi oluphelele futhi usize ungangabazi imithamo noma izindlela zokusebenzisa. Imiyalo izokhombisa ngokunembile ukuthi ungawusebenzisa kanjani umanyolo: ngesimo se-powder, i-granules, izinti, amakhompiyutha, ngisho nangefomu lolotshezi.
Noma ngabe uluphi uhlobo lomanyolo oluhilelekile, kufanele ukhumbule ukuthi kunezincomo eziningana zomhlaba jikelele ngodaba lokufaka umanyolo:
- "Ngaphansi kokuncelisa" kungcono kakhulu kunokusebenzisa imithamo emikhulu yomanyolo. Izingxube zomanyolo ezikhethekile zenzelwe iqoqo elithile futhi zibe nomphumo omuhle uma zisetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nemiyalo yomenzi. Ukusetshenziswa komthamo ongalawulwa, overestimated ngeke kwehlise imvamisa yokugqoka okuphezulu futhi ngeke kwakha "ukubhuka" enhlabathini, kepha kuzokwandisa kuphela ingozi yokulimala kwezimpande nokuphazamiseka kwempilo ejwayelekile, inqubo yokufakwa kwezakhi zomswakama kanye nomswakama. Izitshalo zasendlini, ngokungafani nezitshalo zasengadini, zihlupheka kakhulu ngezakhamzimba ngokweqile. Futhi asikhulumi nje ngokulahleka kokuhlobisa, kodwa nangobungozi bokulahlekelwa yisitshalo sisonke. Izimpawu zomanyolo owedlulele ezitshalweni zasendlini yilezi:
- ukushiswa kwamaqabunga;
- kuphuzi, kumnyama futhi kufe izihloko noma amahlumela ngamanye;
- amaconsi ehla.
- Noma yiluphi uhlobo lomanyolo alusetshenziswa enhlabathini uma selome ngokuphelele.. Ukugqoka okuphezulu, nohlobo oluwuketshezi, owomile, futhi owenziwe kuphela ngemuva kokuthambisa inhlabathi nokunisela. Uma umbuso omanzi womswakama ugcinelwa izitshalo, lo muthi ongaphansi awusoze wome ngokuphelele, khona-ke umanyolo owuketshezi ungafakwa kanye namanzi wokunisela. Uma isendlalelo somile, kungcono ukuhlala uhlukanisa umanyolo nokunisela bese ufaka umanyolo ngakusasa ngemuva kokunisela, enhlabathini entsha nenomswakama. Le mfuneko iqeda ubungozi bokushiswa kwezicubu zezicubu.
- Izinga lamanzi alibalulekile kangako kunekhwalithi yomanyolo. Amanzi wokunisela kufanele athambekele, axazululwe, akhethwe ngokuya ngokuthandwa kwesitshalo esithile. Uma umanyolo uchithekile emanzini noma ungezelelwa kuwo, khona-ke akunakuphinda usebenzise amanzi abandayo: noma yimuphi umanyolo usetshenziselwa kuphela amanzi afudumele kancane kunokushisa kwegumbi.
- Ukugqoka okuphezulu akwenziwa ekuphakameni kosuku nokushisa, nangaphezulu kwalokho ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngokuqondene nezitshalo zasengadini, ukugqoka izilimo zasendlini kufanele kwenziwe ekuseni noma kusihlwa.
Inketho ethandwa kakhulu futhi ephephe kakhulu yokufakelwa umanyolo ngoketshezi noma umquba wesikhashana. Umquba we-Liquid ne-soluble powder unikeza izitshalo ngezakhi zomzimba ngendlela yokugaya kalula. Zethulwa kanye namanzi okunisela, kuthululelwa ekugxilweni noma ekuqothulweni izingxube ezomile kuwo, kugwemeke engcupheni yokushiswa noma ukweqisa kwezinto ngenkathi kubhekwa imithamo enconyiwe yesitshalo ngasinye nohlobo lomanyolo. Imvamisa, ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-liquid kwenziwa kanye nemvamisa yesikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki ama-2 noma ama-3, ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza - isikhathi esingu-1 kumaviki awu-1 noma 1.5. Esikhathini sokuphela kwesihlobo esithile, uma kuqhubeka ukuondla, alethwa phakathi njalo - kanye ezinyangeni ezi-1 noma ezi-1.5. Imithamo yamanyolo nayo ivame ukunqanyulwa.
Noma imuphi umanyolo osebenza isikhathi eside - izinti, okwegayi, okusanhlamvu, njll - asetshenziswa ngokuya ngemiyalo. Ngokuvamile isikhathi esingaphezu kwesisodwa ezinyangeni ezi-2 noma ezi-3 ukuzifaka enhlabathini akudingekile. Kwesinye isikhathi umanyolo onjalo umane ungezwe ngesikhathi sokufakelwa bese ukhohlwa ngokugqoka okuphezulu kuze kube inqubo elandelayo, kepha iningi lawo wonke umanyolo wesenzo esikhathi eside lidinga ukufaka isicelo imvamisa yezinyanga eziyi-1-3. Njengoba izakhamzimba zikhishwa kancane kancane, zenza lula inqubo yokunakekelwa.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene zomanyolo osebenza isikhathi eside zisetshenziswa ngezindlela ezihlukile.:
- Umanyolo we-granular noma i-powdery ufakwa emhlabathini ngenkathi sokutshala.
- Izinduku zamanyolo noma zomanyolo ngokusebenza kwesinambuzane zingeniswa emhlabathini emva kokutshala. Bangcwatshwa ngo-4-5 cm futhi cishe ibanga elilinganayo ukusuka emaphethelweni ebhodwe, bebala inani lezinduku ngokusho kobubanzi bezimbiza (induku eyi-1 - imbiza ngayinye enobubanzi obungu-10 cm).
Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kusetshenziswe ngokuqondile. Zenziwa kuphela izitshalo ezine-herbaceous ezinamaqabunga abushelelezi angathandeki futhi zakha isisindo esinamandla.. Azisetshenziselwa hhayi kuphela ama-anculents kanye nazo zonke izitshalo ezihlangene, kepha futhi nezintende zesundu. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-Foliar kwenziwa kuphela kumaqabunga, ngesikhathi sokukhula okusebenzayo. Eqinisweni, zisetshenziselwa amaqabunga, kepha zikwenza kube yindlela elula kakhulu - ukufafaza. Esikhundleni sokufafazwa okujwayelekile ngamanzi afudumele futhi athambile, kufafazwa isixazululo somanyolo esingaphansi. Le nqubo yenziwa ngokucophelela, ihlukanisa isitshalo futhi isibeka phezu komhlaba onjalo, shaya lapho izinto zamaminerali zingazibangeli imiphumela emibi. Kepha kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uqiniseke ukuthi lapho usuthisa amaqabunga lesi sitshalo ngeke uhlushwa ukukhanyisa okukhanya kakhulu, nokunye okuningi okuvela elangeni eliqondile, elishiya ngaso leso sikhathi amahlamvu eshile. Umswakama ngesikhathi sokudla kufanele okungenani ube phakathi nendawo noma phezulu. Ukugqoka phezulu kwe-foliar kuhlanganiswa njalo nokujwayelekile, ngoba yize iqiniso lokuthi le nqubo isekela ukuhlobisa amahlamvu, isitshalo sithatha izakhi eziyinhloko ezivela enhlabathini.
