I-Gloxinia enezinsimbi ezinkulu namaqabunga e-pubescent ingenye yezimbali ezingaphakathi ezifiselekayo kubo bobabili abaqalayo nabalimi abanolwazi. Imiyalo yokwandisa i-gloxinia ekhaya, izithombe zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo kulesisigaba esibalulekile zizokutshela ukuthi ungaphinde kanjani ugcwalise ngokuzimela iqoqo imbali ekhanyayo.
I-Gloxinia, njengohlobo lwayo olusondele kakhulu, ingakwazi ukuzala ngotshani ngotshani:
- kusetshenziswa ishidi noma ingxenye yalo;
- ukusikwa kwesiqu esisikwe kusitshalo esidala;
- ngokufaka isisekelo se-peduncle, okwakhelwa kuyo izitshalo zamantombazane;
- ukwahlukanisa ishubhu.
Akuzona zonke izindlela ezifana ngokulula nokusebenza kahle, kepha uma kukhulunywa ngezinhlobonhlobo ezingandile noma ukusindiswa kwimbali oyithandayo, udinga ukwazi ukuthi i-gloxinia isakaza kanjani, futhi usebenzise wonke amathuba.
Ukusakazwa kweqabunga le-Gloxinia
Indlela elula futhi evame kakhulu, okungaholela ekuhlulekeni, ukusetshenziswa kweqabunga eliphilile lomdala njengezinto zokutshala.
Lapho igxila esisekelweni sepuleti lamaqabunga ngisho nasemithanjeni emikhulu, i-gloxinia ingakha amarokhethi endodakazi amancane ngeziqu zayo.
Ukusika ishidi ekusakazweni kwe-gloxinia, unga:
- emanzini, kuze kube yilapho izimpande zakheka izimpande ezanele ukuthola ukondleka enhlabathini, emva kwalokho isithombo sidluliselwe kwiphilisi encane yesipelethi noma yepeat;
- ukutshala ngokushesha isiqu seqabunga kuthebhulethi ye-peat noma ingxube ekhanyayo.
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-gloxinia usebenzisa isiqu seqabunga?
Okokuqala, udinga ukubeka phezulu ku-ehlanzekile, futhi mhlawumbe nebala noma i-scalpel entsha. Ukusuka kwisitshalo esidala esinempilo, iqabunga liyasikwa ukuze engxenyeni yepuleti leqabunga kusele isiqu eside esingu-2-2,5 cm.
Akudingekile ukuthatha ubudala, ukuqothuka noma, kunalokho, kuphela amaqabunga amancane angenalutho okusakazeka. Uma i-gloxinia incane, amaqabunga abantwana "okuqala" ahlala emahlathini aphansi - nawo awakulungele ukuthola ama-rosette amasha.
Uma iqabunga le-gloxinia likhulu, ungaliquma libe yizicucwana ngemithambo ehlukile, ukuze kuthi lapho uphindaphinda i-gloxinia, njengasesithombeni, futhi unakekele isitshalo, uzothola izisekelo zamadodakazi amaningi.
Amahlamvu ancishiswa ngesineke abe ngamagilasi akalwe ngosayizi agcwele amanzi abilisiwe endaweni yokushisa yasekamelweni.
Ungajuli isiqu singene ketshezi. Lokhu kungavusa ukuthuthukiswa kokubola. Kwanele ukuthi amanzi awekho ngaphezu kwesentimitha yobude besiqu noma isiqeshana seqabunga.
Ukusuka ngenhla, ingilazi enezinto zokusakaza ze-gloxinia imbozwe ngesaka ngaphandle kokufaka noma ukulimaza ishidi. Indawo ebamba ukushisa okuncane ibekwe endaweni efudumele nenokhanyayo lapho kungekho bungozi bokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Kuleli fomu, ishidi kuzodingeka ukuthi lisuke emavikini amabili kuya kwayi-3 kuze kube yilapho kwakhiwa i-callus noma uhlelo oluphelele lwempande emaphethelweni wesibambo. Ngalezi zinsuku, ukunakekela i-gloxinia ekhaya, njengasesithombeni, ngesikhathi sokusakazwa, lo greenhouse othuthukisiwe ungene umoya ngokucophelela kaningana.
Ngemuva kokwakheka kwezimpande zamasentimitha, iqabunga lingadluliselwa emhlabathini. Ngokuya ngamathuba nezinketho zomlimi, lokhu kungaba:
- ukuxuba okulungele izitshalo zasendlini ezisuselwa ku-peat;
- ingxube ye-sphagnum nenhlabathi eqediwe;
- i-perlite noma i-vermiculite;
- i-sandwich peat substrate;
- sphagnum emhlabathini.
Ngaphambi kokuba iqabunga elisetshenziselwe ukusakazwa kwe-gloxinia lingene enhlabathini, izimbobo zokudonsa amanzi kufanele zenziwe ezansi kwesitsha bese kubekwa ungqimba oluyi-cm cm ka-polystyrene ochotshoziwe noma enye into engamunisi. Phezulu nge-substrate, enomswakama kahle.
Lapho utshala, kubalulekile ukuthi ungashwabani futhi ungalimazi ishidi, ngaphandle kwalokho izicubu ezikule ndawo zizobola ngokushesha, zibangele ukufa kwepuleti lonke leshidi.
I-petiole ingcwatshwa ngu-5-10 mm ukuze izimpande ezakhiwe ne-callus zimbozwe ngenhlabathi. Ukujula okungashonile kusiza izisekelo ezincane ukuthi zidlule ngokushesha ebusweni. Futhi uma kunesidingo, i-substrate ezungeze isibambo ingafafazwa nangaphezulu.
Ishidi elitshalwe emhlabathini futhi, kanye nesitsha lapho kutholakala khona, kumbozwe ngesikhwama. Ukunakekela i-gloxinia lapho iphindaphindeka ekhaya, njengasesithombeni, kwehla ku-airing kanye ne-hydration emnene lapho i-substrate yoma.
Esikhathini esizayo, umlimi kuzofanela abekezele, ngoba indodakazi yokuqala izesekelwa ngesihloko esincanyana esisekelweni ingavela kuphela emva kwenyanga noma kamuva. Ngezinye izikhathi kuphela nezilimo eziyizigaxa kuphela ezingabhekwa. Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingane zingene emfucumfucwini, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana amaqabunga ngokuqinisekile azovela.
Ngemuva kokutadisha ividiyo mayelana nokukhiqizwa kweqabunga le-gloxinia, ungathola konke okucashile kule nqubo futhi uzibone ngamehlo azo zonke izigaba zayo. Lokhu kuzosiza ukugwema amaphutha ekusebenzeni futhi ukhulise ngempumelelo ama-rosette akho amancane imbali yakho ayithandayo.
Ukusakazeka kwe-gloxinia peduncle
Uma kukhona isitshalo ekuqoqweni kwezimbali ongathanda ukusisakaza, kepha akunamaqabunga amaningi esihlahleni, ungasebenzisa enye indlela. Kulokhu, kuthathwa imvuthuluka yezimbali, lapho izimbali zisanda kubuna khona, bese i-gloxinia isatshalaliswa njengehlamvu.
Ukuthola izitshalo ezincane, kwanele ukushiya isiqu esingu-5-6 cm.Ingaphezulu linqunywe ngesigaxa, kuthi i-peduncle nge-centimeter ifakwe emanzini. Inqubo eseleyo ihlangana ngokuphelele nokukhula kwe-gloxinia isebenzisa iqabunga.
Le ndlela iyasebenziseka lapho kusakazeka i-gloxinia yezinhlobo ezingafani kanye no-nzalo, ngoba kule ndaba kunobungozi obuncane bokuvela kokuguqulwa okuzenzakalelayo okuguqula ukubukeka kwesitshalo nezimbali zalo.
Ukutshala isiqu isibambo se-gloxinia
Ungagxila futhi uthole isitshalo esincanyana engxenyeni ye-apical yesiqu. Izinto ezinjalo zokutshala kufanele zibe namaqabunga amaningana nesiqu esingamasentimitha amathathu sokucwiliswa endaweni engaphansi.
Kungcono ukusika izingcezwana ezihlahleni esihlangene, esinempilo ngaphambi kwalokho sasisendaweni enokhanyayo futhi sathola isilinganiso esifanele sokondleka nomswakama.
Njengoba isiqu esikhulu esikhulu se-apical sitshalwe emhlabathini, imbiza enobubanzi obungu-9 cm ilungele ukusabalalisa i-gloxinia ngale ndlela. Ukudonsa okunamandla okungu-2 cm obukhulu kwenziwa ezansi tank, kuthi ukuthulula isigaxa esingaphansi, esidlula umoya nomoya, kuthululelwe ngaphezulu.
Izama ukunganciphisi futhi ingekho ukulimala, izihlahla ezisikiwe zijulile ngo-2 cm enhlabathini, ngaphambili zaziniselwa ngamanzi ahleliwe ekushiseni kwegumbi. Isendlalelo esisesisekelweni sesiqu sakhiwa kalula ukunika ihlumela isikhundla esiqinile.
Njengokusatshalaliswa kwe-gloxinia ngamaqabunga, imbiza ephethe isibambo imbozwe ngepakethe ngaphezulu futhi ishiywe ukukhanya okungafani, kufudumele, kuze kube yilapho isitshalo siqala. Njengoba kudingekile, izithombo zingena umoya, futhi inhlabathi iswakanywa ngobunono ngebhodlela lokufafaza, izama ukungangeni kumapuleti eqabunga. Ngemuva kwenyanga, lesi sitshalo sinika izimpande, futhi singadluliselwa esimweni esivamile sokutshala.
Ungahlukanisa kanjani i-tuber?
Kunzima kakhulu futhi kuyingozi ukusebenzisa ama-tubers ekusakazeni i-gloxinia, ngoba ukubukeka kokubola kubo noma ukoma kwabo ngokungenakuvinjwa kuholela emiphumeleni engenakulungiswa. Ingozi ihlanganiswa yiqiniso lokuthi ama-tubers asikiwe mude kakhulu kunezingxenye eziluhlaza zesitshalo, aqokomisa futhi alulame. Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho ukukhula kwezitolo ezintsha kuzo kuqala kubo.
Ungayisakaza kanjani i-gloxinia ngokuhlukaniswa kweshubhu? Futhi yini izici zokunakekelwa kwezitshalo ngemuva kokuhlinzwa okunjalo?
Ngale ndlela, nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezinkulu kuphela ezifanele:
- ububanzi obungaphansi kwama-5 - 6 cm;
- enendawo enempilo engenalo uvalo ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokubola, izifo zokukhunta noma omunye umonakalo;
- ngamaphoyinti wokukhula ovukile, futhi okungcono ngisho nangamahlumela angaba ngu-2 cm ukuphakama.
Hlukanisa i-tuber nge-blade ebunjiwe ye-disinfidal ibe izingxenye ukuze isicucu ngasinye sibe negciwane layo noma iphuzu lokukhula elingakhona. Izindawo zokusikeka ziphathwa nge-carbon eyenziwe yasebenza yacwatshwa yaba yisimo se-powder noma, uma lo mkhiqizo ungatholakali, ugcwele ungqimba oluhlaza okotshani. Ukuze i-tuber ilinyazwe kancane enhlabathini, yomile futhi ngaphezu kwalokho ihlanganiswe nezinhlobonhlobo zensimu. Lesi silinganiso sizosiza ekugwemeni ukulimala kwamagciwane noma isikhunta ezintweni zokutshala ezisetshenziswa ekusakazweni kwe-gloxinia ngama-nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
Izingxenye ze-tuber, ngaphandle kokujula, zifakwa engxenyeni engaphansi yomswakama. Esikhathini esizayo, ukunakekela i-gloxinia ngesikhathi sokusakazeka kwayo kuqukethe ukunisela okunembe kakhulu. Uma inhlabathi iniselwa kaningi kakhulu, ishubhu ezimweni eziningi iyafa.
Ngokutshala, kungcono kakhulu ukuthatha izingilazi ezisobala ukuze ubheke njalo ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lwezimpande kanye nesimo sezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ngokuthambisa ngokulinganisela, ungasebenzisa i-pan ngamanzi kanye ne-wick, futhi ukuthambisa ungqimba lomhlabathi, uthathe isirinji ngenalithi eminyene.
Lapho izimpande ezimhlophe ezinempilo zibopha wonke umthamo wenhlabathi, kanye ne-rosette engenhla kwa-tuber ikhula ngamandla, isitshalo sidluliselwa ebhodweni elihlala njalo.
