Isitshalo esinjenge-asczania (Gazania) sibizwa nangokuthi i-chamomile yase-Afrika noma i-gazania. Kuhlobene ngqo nomndeni wama-asters. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingama-40 ezihlukene. Ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, angatholakala eNingizimu Afrika naseMozambiki, ngisho nasezindunduma ezisogwini lwase-Australia. Emazweni ase-Europe bafunda ngale mbali ngekhulu le-17, ngaleso sikhathi yathola igama layo lamanje ukuhlonipha u-Theodore von Gaza wase-Italiya, owayengumpristi ohumusha imisebenzi kaTheophparus no-Aristotle. ENtshonalanga Yurophu, izimbali ezinjalo zibizwa nangokuthi "igolide yasemini." Iqiniso ngukuthi izimbali ezinombala ofudumele wokuqhakaza ntambama.
Izici zeGatsaniya
IGatsaniya ingaba izitshalo zonyaka nezonyaka. Ukuphakama kwesihlahla cishe ngamasentimitha angama-30. Amapuleti amaqabunga e-basal ayingxenye yokuphuma, kanti isiqu asikho ngokuphelele noma sifushane kakhulu. Amapuleti amaqabunga aminyene angaba mpunga-grey noma aluhlaza omnyama futhi abe nesimo esihlukile kakhulu. Ehlangothini elingaphansi kwamapheshana kukhona i-villi silvery vice enkudlwana, ivikela imbali emakhazeni, futhi ngesikhathi sesomiso inomthelela ekugcinweni kwamanzi. Ama-inflorescences anezinhlobo zamabhasikidi olulodwa, ongamasentimitha angafinyelela amasentimitha angama-5-9. Kubandakanya izimbali zomhlanga, ezingaba nombala obomvu, owolintshi noma ophuzi. Esisekelweni sabo kunendawo enombala omnyama, ngenxa yalokho kwakheka iphethini yonyaka phakathi, kwafakwa ophuzi. Umaphakathi uqukethe izimbali ze-tubular. Esihlahleni esisodwa kungaba nama-inflorescence angaba ngu-35. Izithelo yi-achene enoboya enama-crest.
Ukutshala kukaGatsaniya kusuka ezinhlanyelweni
Ukuhlwanyela izithombo
Isikhathi sokutshala lesi sitshalo sezinhlanyelo sincike ngqo esimeni sezulu lapho umlimi ehlala khona. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi intwasahlobo ebandayo ne sekwephuzile ibonwe, khona-ke ukuhlwanyela ngokweqile imbewu ekuqaleni kwesikhathi kuzodinga izithombo ezengeziwe. Ngaphandle kokukhanyisa, ngenxa yokuntuleka kokukhanya, lesi sitshalo sizokhula futhi sikhule kancane kakhulu kunokuba kufanele. Ukuhlwanyela imbewu, ngokwesibonelo, ngoMeyi kuzoholela eqinisweni lokuthi ukuqhakaza kwe-gatsaniya ungakuvuma kamuva. Kulokhu, ukutshala imbewu kunconywa engxenyeni yesibili kaMashi, futhi kahle maphakathi no-Ephreli. Umthamo ophakeme usetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyelwa, lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze induku ende induku ingaguqi phakathi kokukhula. Ukuhlwanyela ukuxuba kufanele kuthathwe kukhishwe kahle, kukhanye nge-pH ka-5.5 kuye ku-6.5. Ukuhlwanyelwa kufanele kwenziwe kancane. Ungamane usabalalise imbewu ngaphezulu kwesiqeshana sephethini yokuhlola, ngenkathi ibanga phakathi kwazo kufanele lisuke kusentimitha ezimbili kuya kwezintathu. Ungqimba omncane wesigatshana ungathululelwa phezu kwembewu, futhi ungacindezelwa emhlabathini kancane. Gxilisa izitshalo kusuka ku-sprayer bese umboza isitsha ngefilimu noma ingilazi. Ngemuva kwalokho ihlanza endaweni ekhanyiselwe kahle indawo efudumele eyanele (ukusuka kuma-18 kuye kwangama-20 degrees). Khumbula ukuthi kuyadingeka ukususa i-condensate endlini yokukhosela futhi uhlele ukungena komoya nsuku zonke. Izithombo zokuqala zizovela ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-7-15.
Izithombo
Uma izithombo zikhulele esitsheni esijulile, khona-ke kulokhu ngeke adinge ukukhethwa. Kwezinye izimo, lapho sekwenziwe ipheshana lesine leqiniso esitshalweni, kuzodingeka litshalwe ebhodweni le-peat. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo zihlanzwa ukuze zikhule endaweni lapho ebanda khona kancane (ukusuka kuma-12 kuye kwangama-16 degrees), kuyilapho i-loggia, efakwa kodwa engafudunyeziwe, kuzoba inketho enhle kakhulu. Kusukela kulo mzuzu kufanele uqale uqinise izitshalo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nsuku zonke isikhashana phakathi nosuku, vula iwindi, ngenkathi uvikela i-asczany kokusalungiswa.
Ukufakelwa
Isikhathi sokufika emhlabeni
Qala ukutshala izithombo zalesi sitshalo kufanele kusuka engxenyeni yesibili kaMeyi kuya kowokuqala kuJuni. Ngemuva kokufika, kuzoba lula kakhulu ukunakekela i-gatzania. Kodwa-ke, ngaphambi kokutshala, udinga ukuthola indawo efanelekile kunazo zonke. Ukuze lokhu kwenzeke, indawo evulekile enokhanyo kahle kufanelekile. Inhlabathi engadini kufanele ibe lula futhi inothe ngezakhi zomsoco. Khumbula ukuthi lesi sitshalo sidinga ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo, futhi asilimazi imisebe yelanga eqondile. Iqiniso ngukuthi lithanda ukukhanya kakhulu futhi linokubekezelela okukhulu isomiso.
Ungatshala kanjani
Ukutshala izithombo enhlabathini evulekile kuyadingeka kulawo amabhodwe we-peat lapho akhula khona. Uma kunjalo, uma ukutshala kwenziwa ebhokisini elijulile, khona-ke ukuze uthathe izimpande zesitshalo ngaphandle kokulimala, udinga i-scoop ende. Lapho udlulisela imbali emgodini, zama ukungalimazi nezimpande. Phakathi kwezihlahla kufanele kushiye ibanga okungenani amasentimitha angama-20. Ukuqhakaza kukaGatsaniya kuqala ngemuva kokufika esivandeni. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhakaza kwalesi sitshalo kugcinwa kuphela izinyanga ezi-3 ngemuva kokuhlwanyela imbewu.
Izici Zokunakekela
Ukuze i-gatsaniya ikhule kahle futhi ijabulise ngokubukeka kwayo, kuyadingeka ukukhetha indawo efanelekile yokutshala, okungukuthi: ilanga nelinomhlabathi oshaywe kahle. Le mbali iyi-thermophilic impela, kepha iyabekezelela iqhwa ukuze likhiphe ama-degree angama-5-7. Le mbali idinga ukuthambisa ngokulinganiselayo. Ngemuva kokuba le nqubo yenziwe, udinga ukukhulula umhlabathi wenhlabathi futhi ngasikhathi sinye ususe lonke utshani bokhula. Ukuze izimbali zibe ziningi futhi zihlale isikhathi eside, kumane kudingekile ukususa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lawo mabhasikidi e-inflorescence aseqalile ukubuna. Kuzoba kuhle uma mulch ingaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Lokhu kuzosiza ukunciphisa kakhulu inani lokunisela, kanye nokhula. Ekuthuthukisweni okujwayelekile, izimbali ezinjalo zidinga ukugqoka okuphezulu okufika ngesikhathi. Uma kwenzeka ukuthi utshale i-gatsaniya enhlabathini egcwele izakhi, kuzodingeka ukuyigqoka kanye kanye emavikini angama-6, ngoba basebenzisa umanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali (nge-1 m2 thatha kusuka kuma-20 kuya kwangama-25 amagremu ento). Uma izitshalo zitshalwe emhlabathini onamadwala amabi, khona-ke ukuzondla kuzodingeka kwenziwe isikhathi esingu-1 ezinsukwini eziyi-15-30.
Izimbali
Izimbali zesitshalo esinjalo ziyabonakala ngoJuni-Okthoba. Ibhasikidi ngalinye le-inflorescence ngemuva kokuvula kuphela emva kwezinsuku ezingama-20. Lapho izimbali zomhlanga ezimnyama noma ezinamafu zikhuphuka emgwaqweni, zimboza umnyombo ophuzi, oqukethe izimbali ze-tubular. Kwezinye izimo, abalimi bangakhala ngokuthi isitshalo asiqhakaza. Izimbangela ezivame kakhulu zalesi simo yilezi: ukukhanya okuncane, ukuthambisa ngokweqile, noma ukutshala sekwephuzile kwezithombo enhlabathini evulekile. Uma konke kwenziwa kahle nangesikhathi, khona-ke ukuqhakaza kuzoba yinde, kube okumangalisayo futhi kube kubukekayo.
Izifo nezinambuzane
Noma ngubani ophakamise imbali enjalo uyazi ukuthi ayinakuhlaselwa yisifo. Kodwa-ke, uma kwenzeka ukuthi i-asczania ikhule ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle zayo, iyabekeka amandla, futhi ingahle ihlatshwe ukubola okungwevu. Kulokhu, izihlahla ezithintekayo kufanele zembiwe futhi zichithwe, kanti okusele kufanele kufafazwe ngesisombululo se-phytosporin.
Ezikhungweni zesitshalo, ama-aphid, iminenke kanye nesibungu sesicabucabu ziyingozi. Imisipha isuswa emahlathini, iqoqa izandla. Ukubhekana ne-spider mite, basebenzisa: i-actellik, i-ditox noma i-fufanon, nokubulala ama-aphid, basebenzisa: i-acarin, fitoverm, intavir.
Gatsaniya ngemuva kwezimbali
Ukuqoqwa kwembewu
Ezindweni eziphakathi nendawo, imbewu yesitshalo esinjalo imvamisa ayivuthi. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela uma isikhathi sasehlobo sesomile, sultry futhi isikhathi eside. Kufanele futhi kukhunjulwe ukuthi, njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezi-hybrid zesitshalo esinjalo ziyatshalwa, futhi imbewu yazo ayinawo amandla okugcina izici ezihlukile zesitshalo somama. Futhi kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ama-inflorescence avuthiwe we-gatsaniya afana kakhulu ne-dandelion, ngokuqina komoya onamandla, imbewu ivele nje ihlukane. Ngokuqondene nalokhu, obhasikidi bezimbali kufanele bumbozwe nge-gauze, obekwe ku-peduncle, ukuze imbewu ihlale isendaweni.
Ubusika
Uma uhlakulela isitshalo sonyaka, lapho sebaphela, izinsalela ziyasuswa bese zishiswa. Kodwa-ke, abanye abalimi bayigcina ngonyaka olandelayo. Khetha izihlahla ezinhle kakhulu ezisadinga ukuqhakaza. Zimbiwe bese zifakwa ezitsheni noma emabhodweni. Ngemuva kwalokho, zibekwe egumbini elipholile (kusuka ku-8 kuye ku-10 degrees) ngokukhanyisa okuhle. Ukuchelela kufanele kube okungavamile futhi kungabi kuningi, kepha akunakwenzeka ukuvumela ukomiswa okuphelele komhlaba. Entwasahlobo, batshalwe engadini, kuyilapho iziqu zabo kufanele zifinyezwe ngenxenye ½.
Izinhlobo eziphambili nezinhlobonhlobo ze-gatsaniya ngezithombe namagama
I-Gatzania longshot (iGazania longiscapa)
Lesi sitshalo saminyaka yonke esiphakeme singafinyelela kumasentimitha ayi-15 kuye kwangama-20. Amapuleti eqabunga le-basal rose anezimpande asikiwe kancane, ohlangothini olungaphambili aluhlaza lugcwele, kuthi engaphansi kune-pubescence. Ububanzi be-inflorescence cishe amasentimitha ayi-7, kanti zombili izinhlobo zezimbali zinombala ophuzi ophuzi. Izisekelo zezimbali zomhlanga zinombala onsundu.
IGatzania inokhahlo noma icwebe (Gazania risters, Gazania sklend)
Isihlahla sifinyelela ukuphakama okungamasentimitha angama-30. Ububanzi bama-inflorescences buyahlukahluka kusuka kumasentimitha ayi-4,5 kuye kwayi-6. Umbala wezimbali ze-tubular umnyama-gazi. Izimbali zomhlanga zingapendwe ngombala obomvu, ophuzi noma ophuzi we-orange, kanti ezisekelweni kunezindawo ezinombala onsundu, omnyama noma omhlophe. Njengomthetho, amaqabunga amaqabunga aqinile, kepha i-pinnate nawo ayatholakala.
IGatzania Pottsi (Gazania pottsii)
Lesi sitshalo sifana ne-gatsaniya enokhahlo, kuphela sikhulu. Ububanzi be-inflorescence cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-12.
IGatzania peacock (iGazania pavonia)
Phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo eziphakeme ngesimo samapuleti amaqabunga, ngakho mncane futhi mude (cishe amasentimitha angama-20). Ububanzi be-inflorescence cishe ngamasentimitha ayi-8. Izimbali zomhlanga zinombala osawolintshi ophuzi kanye nesisekelo esimnyama, izimbali ze-tubular ziphuzi.
IGatsaniya pinnate (Gazania pinnata), gatsaniya-mhlophe qhwa (Gazania nivea), gazaniya one-flower (Gazania unifiora) kanye ne-hybrid gatsaniya (Gazania x hybrida) nazo ziyatshalwa, ezitholwe ngenxa yokuwela izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlobonhlobo zezinhlobo zezilwane, kepha ikakhulukazi ezinama-gatsaniya amade futhi zilukhuni. Njengamanje, kuyatholakala izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene eziqhakaza esimweni sezulu esinamafu. Izinhlobo ezaziwa kakhulu ze-hybrid:
- Umugqa obomvu wosuku. Obhasikidi baphuzi ngokuphuzi futhi banemivimbo ebomvu. Zembulwa ekuseni, futhi kuvalwe kwenzeka kusihlwa.
- Izinhlobonhlobo hlanganisa iThalente. Yayithandwa kakhulu ngonyaka ka-2001. Inamaqabunga amangalisa kakhulu nama-inflorescence, kuyilapho obhasikidi bavalwa kuphela ebusuku.
- ISortogruppa Ministar. Izinhlobonhlobo zine-inflorescence yombala omhlophe, ophuzi no-orange.
