Ukuhlwanyela okufanele nokukhulisa izithombo zezimbali

Ukuvikela engcupheni yokuthola izitshalo ezibuthakathaka, ezivame ukungahambisani nencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, abalimi abaningi bakhetha ukuzikhulisa ngokwabo izithombo. Njengoba izimbali ezikhulayo ziyindaba ebucayi, kufanele ulandele ngokucophelela zonke izidingo ze-agrotechnical.

Umsebenzi owenziwe ngezithombo zezimbali

Ukukhetha komhlaba

Ukuze uthole izithombo ezikhulayo kungcono ukuyisebenzisa ukuxubana okulula kwenhlabathi ukungaguquguquki kogogo.

Isendlalelo esinjalo sidlula umoya kahle ezimpandeni futhi ngasikhathi sinyekisa ukuhwamuka komswakama.

Ukukhetha okuhle kwenhlabathi kuyisihluthulelo sokukhula kahle kwesithombo

Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa kwenhlanganisela yenhlabathi yokutshala imbewu, abatshali bezimbali basebenzisa Peat yamahhashi, isihlabathi somfula, umhlaba we-calcined turf, umcamelo onesihlabathi, imigoqo emincane yamagxolo ezihlahla ze-coniferous.

Okuthandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi bezitshalo zokuhlobisa yile:

Izinketho zokuqondisa kabusha

I-Vermiculite I-Perlite I-Agroperlite Ubumba olwandisiwe Imiganu yePolystyrene

Imvamisa, izithombo zikhula ezitsheni ezine-sawdust nesihlabathi: inhlanganisela ihlanganiswe, ishiya isilinganiso se-2: 1.

Akunconyelwe ukuhlwanyela izithombo zezimbali emhlabeni engadini - inhlabathi enjalo inokwakheka kwamaminerali, iqukethe ama-pathogen nezinambuzane.

Ngaphambi kokuthenga inhlabathi udinga ngokucophelela zijwayeze ukwakheka: Izingxube lapho inani le-potassium, i-nitrogen ne-phosphorus lingama-300-400 mg / l lingasetshenziswa kuphela njengenye yezingxenye zenhlabathi yezimbali ezikhulayo.

Ukweqiwa kwalezi zinto kuvimbela ukwakheka kwamahlamvu.

Kokubili inhlabathi ethengiwe neyenziwe ekhaya ngaphambi kokulala emabhokisini kumele ibalwe ngokuphelele: ngaphansi kwethonya lokushisa eliphakeme, i-pathogenic amagciwane nezibungu ziyafa.

Ukubalwa kusiza inhlabathi yegciwane

Ukukhanya nokushisa

Kusukela ukukhanya kwelanga ezweni lezitshalo kuthatha amahora angama-14, ukulima okuphumelelayo akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izibani ze-fluorescent, phytolamp.

Ukubonakala kwezitshalo kuwubufakazi bokuntuleka okukhulu kokukhanya kwelanga - izithombo ziqonde kakhulu, isiqu sincanyana kakhulu, amaqabunga athola umbala onsundu ongenakuphikwa.

Ukubuyisela emuva khiqiza ngokulandelayo: isibani esikhethiwe sifakwe ngenhla kwetanki lesithombo endaweni ephakeme ye + 25- + 30C. Lapho nje ilanga seliqala ukushona, insiza ivulwe amahora angu-6.

Phakathi kwabatshali bezimbali, ukukhanya kwasekuseni nakusihlwa kuvame ukusetshenziswa, lapho isikhathi sokukhanya singamahora ama-3.

Ukukhanyisa kudingekile kuphela kuzithombo zokuqala, ezihlwanyelwe ngoFebhuwari noma ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Kuzithombo zezinsuku ezizayo, isidingo sokukhanyisa okwengeziwe siyanyamalala.

Ukuze imbewu ikhule ngokushesha, izinga lokushisa elisegumbini lapho kumi khona iziqukathi hhayi ngaphansi kuka + 18- + 20С.

Ezinye izinhlobo zikhula kahle emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Isibonelo, i- + 8- + 12C yanele i-snapdragon, + 12- + 15С, unyaka futhi ihlanganisa, ama-asters, isandla sobunxele - + 15С, ama-clove, viola + 15- + 18С.

Ukugqoka okuphezulu

Ukugqoka okuphezulu kokuqala kwethulwa emavikini angama-2-3 ngemuva kokufakelwa. Njengomanyolo, isixazululo esibuthakathaka se-mullein, imidwebo yenkukhu noma izingxube ezithengiwe zifanelekile.

Ngemuva kwamaviki ama-2, ama-3 g we-superphosphate, i-1.5 g ye-ammonium nitrate ilitha linye lesisombululo ayengezelelwa kumanyolo angenhla. Ukugqoka okunjalo kungenzeka buyisela ngesixazululo somlotha.

Ukuze ungashisi izitshalo ezisencane ezithambile, umanyolo othengiwe olungiselelwe ngokuya ngemiyalo kufanele ujutshwe kabili ngamanzi. Ngenhloso efanayo, amanzi aniselwa amanzi amaningi ngaphambi kokugqoka okuphezulu.

Galela izithombo zezimbali akufanele kube ngaphezu kwezi-2 ngenyanga. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kufanele kube izimpande kanye nezimpande ezingeziwe.

Ukulungiselela imbewu

Ukuze imbewu ihlume kahle, iyacutshungulwa izinto ezikhulisayo. Ungasusa imbewu yezimbali ezithile esikhunjeni esiminyene ngembiza yengilazi kanye ne-sandpaper: zifakwa esitsheni esine-sandpaper eningi futhi ziyaqhaqhazela kanzima isikhathi esithile.

Izinto ezikhuthaza ukukhula - abasizi kubatshali bezithombo ezikhulayo

Enye imbewu idinga i-stratification (ubusika) ukuhluma okunobungane. Imbewu ibekwa phezu kwenhlabathi, imbozwe ngogwebu bese ithunyelwa esiqandisini inyanga eyodwa.

Isikhathi sokufika

Ukuze ujabulele ngokushesha ubuhle bezincwadi zakho ozithandayo, ukuhlwanyela imbewu yezithombo kungaqala ekuqaleni kukaFebhuwari. Ngenxa yokutshala ngaphambi kwesikhathi izongena esigabeni sezimbali ngoMeyi.

Izinsuku zokuhlwanyelwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zikhethiwe ngokuya ngezincomo zomenzi, ezibekwe etafuleni ngemuva kwesikhwama ngembewu.

Ungayikhetha kanjani indawo efanelekile yokuhlwanyelwa?

Ukuzikhethela kwesilinganiso kuncike ekutheni udinga ukutshala izithombo ezingakanani. Uma uhlela ukukhulisa izimbali ezingaba ngu-20, ungahlwanyela imbewu ngamabhodwe noma ezinkomishini ezivela kupulasitiki ebangeni lokudla.

Ngokuhlwanyela inqwaba yembewu kungcono ukuyisebenzisa amakhasethi akhethekileamabhokisi amakhulu.

Kufanele kube nezimbobo ezansi kwethangi lokuhlwanyelwa lapho amanzi amaningi engena ngaphakathi epanini.

Amakhaseji we-seedling asiza ngokukhula kwenqwaba yezithombo

Inqubo yesinyathelo sokufika

1. Inhlabathi esemathinini iniselwa kahle ngamanzi ekushiseni kwegumbi.
2. Kuya ngohlobo lweziqukathi ezisetshenzisiwe ebangeni le-3 cm ama-grooves angajulile noma ama-dimples enziwe enhlabathini.
3. Imbewu emincane ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi futhi isakazeke kuyo yonke indawo yezitsha zokutshala, ezinkulu zibekwa eziseleni ngawodwana.
4. Imbewu ifafazwa ngesendlalelo esincane somhlabathi.
5. Ukwakha umphumela wokugcina ukushisa, isitsha simboziwe ingilazi noma i-polyethylene.

Ukuze inhlabathi ezitsheni ingaboli, indawo yokuhlala kufanele isuswe njalo isikhashana.

Ngemuva kokuba izithombo sezitholehlume izithombo, kuyadingeka ukuthuthela egumbini elinokushisa kwe- + 16- + 18C lizibeke ethunzini elilinganayo.

Ukunakekela izithombo

• Ukunisela kwenziwa ngesibhamu sokufafaza. njengoba umhlabathi womile.
• Isinyathelo esiphoqelekile ekukhuleni kwezithombo zikhula. Ukukhohlisa okunjalo kwenziwa ukuze kunikezwe inani elanele lesikhala samahhala sokuthuthukisa isitshalo ngasinye.

Izithombo zezimbali ziqala ukuntywila ngemuva kokumiswa kwamaqabunga okuqala eqiniso. Izitshalo ezincane, kanye nenhlama yobumba, zisuswa ngokucophelela ebhokisini bese zidluliselwa esitsheni esihlukile, engeza umhlaba futhi wanisela ngokulinganayo.

• Lapho nje izithombo ziqala ukuba namandla, ziqala ukuba lukhuni: ukuze izitshalo zijwayele ilanga, izithombo zidonswa umoya isikhashana.

Okokuqala, izithombo zinombala omncane futhi zivikelwe emoyeni, kuthi emva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kususwe amakhaya. Njalo ngosuku olulandelayo, indlela yokudlala emoyeni ohlanzekile kufanele lenyuke kancane kancane.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

Ngenxa yokunakekelwa okungafanele, izithombo zezimbali zithambekele umlenze omnyama. Izimbangela eziyinhloko zalesi sifo umswakama ngokweqile, izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu.

Izimpawu: amaqabunga ayaguquka, isiqu siba mncane, ingxenye engezansi yezimpande nesiqu iba nsundu.

Izitshalo ezitheleleke umlenze omnyama ziyabhujiswa, inhlabathi ithululwe nge-foundationazole.

Isifo sesibili sitholakala ezitshalweni - i-powdery isikhutha. Izimpawu: Amacembe amaqabunga ambozwe ngenhlanganisela emhlophe, iziqu zikhubazekile, amaqabunga ayakhukhumala. Izitshalo ezithintekile ziniselwa nge fung fungus.

Ungatshala kanjani izithombo emhlabathini ovulekile

Izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokutshala inhlabathi bambe umanyolo Umanyolo wamaminerali noma umquba obolile, umquba. Kungcono ukutshala izimbali engxenyeni yesibili yentwasahlobo kusihlwa noma ngesikhathi samafu.

Umanyolo wamaminerali - isengezo esibalulekile ngaphambi kokutshala emhlabathini ovulekile

Izithombo zibekwe emigodini, zilinganisa izimpande bese zicindezela inhlabathi bese ziniselwa kakhulu.

Ukutshala izithombo kumabhodwe we-peat

Izimbiza ezinamanzi namaphilisi - isitsha esihle kakhulu sokukhula izitshalo. Ngenxa yezinto ezixegayo, idlula umoya kahle ezimpandeni, ngenxa yalokho izithombo zikhula ngenkuthalo.

Enye inzuzo yesitsha esinjalo ukufakelwa okungenakugwenywa: izitshalo zitshalwa emhlabathini nesiqukathi, esivele sichithe futhi senze umsebenzi womanyolo.

Amaqiniso ajwayelekile

Imuphi unyaka ngamunye onezinhlamvu ezincane

I-Begonia ingumnikazi wokuqoshwa kwemininingwane yokutshala okuncane: cishe imbewu engama-80,000 iqukethe ku-1g. Futhi angikwazi ukuziqhayisa ngembewu enkulu i-aggregatum, i-petunia, i-snapdragon, i-purslane, ugwayi onephunga elimnandi.

Ungatshala kanjani imbewu yezimbali

Ukuze uvikele izifo, izinto zokutshala ziphathwa nge-fungicide. Ngemuva kwalokho, imbewu encane kakhulu ihlanganiswa nesihlabathi futhi ihlwanyelwe ebhokisini. Imbewu enkulu ibekwa emiseleni noma emigodini, ibheka ibanga okungenani le-2 cm.

Ngemuva kwalokho impahla yokutshala imbozwe ungqimba lomhlaba, ukushuba kwawo okuphindwe kathathu ukuphakama kwembewu.

Njengoba imbewu incane ngokwanele, kufanele futhi iniselwe ngokunakekelwa ukuze ingagezwa iphume emhlabathini.

I-Optimum germination lokushisa + 18- + 22 C. Ukukhanyisa kulesi sigaba akunandaba.

Izibonelo zezithombo ezikhulayo

Clove shabo

Imbewu yosuku ifakwe ku-isivuseleli, bese ihlwanyelwa ebhokisini ngokuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi kusuka ezweni elicwebe, i-peat, isihlabathi. Izinto zokutshala zifafazwa ngesendlalelo esondelana sesihlabathi esibaliwe bese simboza isitsha ngengilazi.

Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-9. Amazinga okushisa asekamelweni ancishiswe abe ngu + 13- + 15C. Kusukela imbali eziqhakaza emva kwezinsuku ezingama-150, inyathelwa kabili: esigabeni sephepha lokuqala nelesine.

Ngokuningiliziwe, simboze isihloko esihlokweni sokutshala okufanelekile kwe-clove shabo kusuka imbewu.

Begonia

Imbewu ixubene nesihlabathi bese isakazeka ngaphezulu kwethafa elingaphansi elimanzi kusuka i-turf land, isihlabathi, i-peat(2: 1: 1). Ibhokisi limbozwe ngengilazi futhi libekwe endaweni efudumele. Amahlumela avela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-1-3.

Izinga lokushisa elilungile egumbini liyi- + 20- + 22C.

Izindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwandisa imbali zingatholakala esihlokweni ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwe-begonia yasekhaya.

I-Primrose

Imbewu ibekwa engxenyeni eshidi, ezweni lakwa sod nesihlabathi futhi icindezelwe kancane. Isitsha simbozwe ifilimu bese sifakwa efrijini inyanga yonke, lapho izinga lokushisa lingaconsi ngaphansi -10C.

Ekupheleni kwethemu, umthamo ushukumisiwe endaweni ene-Half-shaded. Izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sokuhluma liyi + 16- + 18C.

Lesi isitshalo sengadi. Sesikhulumile ukuthi ungayitshala kanjani i-primrose emhlabathini ovulekile.

UPetunia

Izinto zokutshala zicindezelwa kancane emhlabathini, isitsha simbozwe ngefilimu futhi sishiywe ekushiseni kwe + 24C. Ngemuva kokuvela, izinga lokushisa lehliswa yi-2C.

Imininingwane engaphezulu mayelana nalenqubo ingatholwa esihlokweni sendalo efanele yokutshala petunia kusuka imbewu yasekhaya.

Izimbali zingatshalwa kanjani futhi kanjani

Zonke izimbali eziqhakaza emva kokuhluma ngezinsuku ezingaphezu kwekhulu - kudingeka ukhule izithombo.

I-pharynx yeLion, i-verbena, i-clove, i-delphinium, i-lobelia, i-petunia nabanye bangena kulesi sigaba.

Kulula ukutshala izithombo zezimbali eziqine futhi ezinempilo kulandela izidingo ezilula zezolimo. Umbono wensimu eqhakaza ukuqhakaza izowukhokhela ngokugcwele umzamo.