Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amajikijolo asethandwa kakhulu, futhi ezindaweni eziningi ezingaphansi kwedolobha anikezwe isikhala esincanyana kunama-raspberry amade futhi aziwayo. Futhi ukunakwa okunjalo kufaneleka kahle, ngoba isithabathaba sengadi, isithombe sezinhlobonhlobo nokuchazwa kwazo okumangalisa ngosayizi omkhulu wamajikijolo, akukhona kuphela ukuthi kuyathela futhi kunambitheka, kepha futhi kulula kakhulu ukusinakekela.
Abenzi bomthetho wezwe "imfashini ye-blackberry" nabaholi kulinywe leli berry kudala bangabantu baseMelika. Akumangazi ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zesimanje ziyizidalwa zososayensi nabathanda kakhulu abavela e-USA, besebenzisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamajikijolo emsebenzini wokuzalela.
Izinhlobo zamajikijolo: isithombe nencazelo
In iningi laseRussia naseYurophu, ukutshala endle kwalesi sihlahla sangemvelo kwakhiwa nge-blackberry grey (iRubus caesius) ne-blackberry bushy (iRubus fruticosus). Kodwa-ke, kunezinhlobo eziningi futhi ezinamajikijolo ezidliwayo, nezitshalo ezinezici ezivamile.
Ngakho-ke, isibonelo, ijikijolo elikhulu elivezwe esithombeni kusuka e-Armenia (Rubus armeniacus), kwesinye isikhathi elibizwa ngokuthi iHimalayan, lalitshalwa isikhathi eside e-USA naseYurophu. Isizathu sokuthandwa kwesihlahla sasilula - amajikijolo amakhulu, avuthwa kakhulu ngokunambitheka okumnandi kophudingi. Kepha izinhlobo nazo zaba nomdwebo obalulekile. Leli siko lalibonakala linobuhlakani obukhulu, futhi ngokubonakala kwe-blackberry engahlukanisiwe (iRubus laciniatus), layekwa.
Namuhla, amahlathi ezwekazini laseNyakatho Melika kanye nasemhlabeni wonke ahlakulela izinhlobo ezakhiwe ngesisekelo se-blackberry esinsundu ne-blackberry grey, kanye nezindlela zamasiko angenameva, ngokuhlangene abizwa ngokuthi i-Thornless.
Ezimeni ezibalulekile zezinhlobo zasendle eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, amajikijolo aguqula umbala kusuka kokuluhlaza kuya kobomvu noma onsundu njengoba evuthwa, bese kuba ngumbala onsomi noma ucishe ube mnyama. Ngasikhathi sinye, isikhumba samajikijolo, njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni sombala omnyama, simbozwe ngengubo enquma igama lezinhlobo futhi ayikho kwezinye izinhlobo.
Kunomehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ekwakhekeni kwesihlahla nokubukeka kwamaqabunga. Kuyabonakala ikakhulukazi lapho ubheka i-blackberry ehlukanisiwe, ehlukile ngendlela yayo. Lolu hlobo luhlakazeke ngokuqinile emaphethelweni, oluqukethe izingcezu ezingamaqabunga angama-5-7, amabhulashi ama-berry ama-berry amaningi kanye nezithombo ezinwabuzelayo eziguqukayo.
Amajikijolo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ama-bushy nama-bluish ayizilwane ezivamile eRussia ezitholakala emaphethelweni amahlathi, imigwaqo engaphezulu kwesithokomali, ezigodini nasezigodini zemifula. Kodwa-ke, izitshalo zingene esivandeni sibonga kuphela ngokuzalanisa abakhiqizi abenze izinhlobo ezinkulu ze-blackberry nezikhiqizayo.
Izinhlobonhlobo zeGadi Blackberry
Njengoba kwasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ukutshala amajikijolo ahlukahlukene, izihlahlana zisetshenziswa zinezakhiwo ezahlukahlukene nezinhlobo zezithelo. Njengokhokho babo basendle, izinhlobo eziningi zigcina umumo wokukhamba. Izitshalo ezinamahlumela amade ukuya kumamitha ambalwa zikhule kuma-trellises, okukuvumela ukuthi uthole isivuno esiphezulu kakhulu esihlahleni esisodwa.
Izinhlobo ze-Blackberry bush zifana nama-raspberries. Izinso ezinjalo ziveza izithelo amahlumela aneminyaka emibili ubudala, agcina ijamo eliqondile noma elinamanga. Ukuphakama kwezitshalo kufinyelela kumamitha ayi-2-2,5 futhi kudinga ukuthenwa.
Ukwenza lula ukunakekelwa kokutshala kuvunyelwe ukuthola izinhlobo zamajikijolo angathumeli. Izinhlobo ezinjalo zingabonakala kalula ngegama, okufakwa kuzo isimaphambili, okungukuthi, "ngaphandle kwameva,".
Amajikijolo anesikhathi eside sokukhula. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, lokhu kuvumela isitshalo ukuthi sizivikele ekuqandeni kwentwasahlobo futhi sibuyise isimo sezulu esibandayo. Kepha ngakolunye uhlangothi, isivuno sivuthwa sekwephuzile, futhi ezingxenyeni ezisenyakatho ama-ovary, ngaphandle kokuba athululiwe, iya ngaphansi kweqhwa. Ukulungisa amajikijolo athela izithelo kuyo yonke inkathi kungaxazulula inkinga.
Namuhla, abalimi banayo izinhlobo eziningi ezithokozisayo zama-amajikijolo, enikeza i-bessert enkulu yama-dessert. Kuhlala kuphela ukufunda izithombe nezincazelo zezinhlobo ze-blackberry futhi, ngokuya ngezimo zezulu zesifunda, khetha ezifanele.
I-Blackberry Thornless evergreen
Izinhlobonhlobo ezingenakulinganiswa zamajikijolo, i-Thornless evergreen, zitholwe ngenxa yokuguqulwa kwemvelo kombala omnyama okusahlutshiwe. Ngenxa yalokhu, abalimi baseYurophu nabaseMelika ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule bathola isitshalo esihlala sikhula ngesivuno esihle kakhulu, futhi futhi ngaphandle kwameva.
Yize amajikijolo angu-3 wezinhlobonhlobo ze-blackberry eboniswe esithombeni aphansi ngosayizi nesisindo ezinhlotsheni ezintsha kakhulu, inani lawo kubhulashi alilingani. Kwelinye i-inflorescence, kungafinyelela ama-ovari angama-70, okuthi ngemuva kokuvuthwa athole umbala omnyama okwesibhakabhaka, iphunga elimnandi nokunambitheka okumnandi nokumuncu.
I openwork, kodwa kunalokho amahlamvu aminyene ale nhlobonhlobo yamabhungane agcina umbala okhanyayo ngaphansi kweqhwa, ngakho-ke isitshalo siqala kabusha ukukhula entwasahlobo nakumaqhakaza.
Lesi sitshalo sinezinzuzo eziningi, phakathi kwazo - ukukhiqiza, ukuntuleka kwameva, ukumelana nesithwathwa kanye nekhono lokuhambisa amajikijolo. Umdwebo oyinhloko, ngaphezu kwesibalo esincane sezithelo, yimbewu enkulu ye-blackberry imbewu i-evergreen Thornless.
I-Blackberry Black Satin (i-Black Satin)
Amahlumela amnyama angenamkhawulo alezi zinhlobonhlobo anesimo esakaza isigamu futhi akha isihlahla esinamandla. Kuze kube yilapho izingcembe ze-satin emnyama zifinyelela ekuphakameni kwamamitha ayi-2, isitshalo sigcina ukubukeka okuqondile. Njengoba bekhula, amahlumela aqala ngesikhathi sokuqhakaza izithelo afinyelela kumamitha ayi-4 - 5 ubude. Amajikijolo aphakathi nendawo aphakathi nendawo anesisindo esingu-5 kuya ku-8 amagremu. Ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ezi-oval eziyindilinga noma eziyindilinga kuyenzeka kancane kancane, ngakho-ke isivuno sivuna kaninginingi.
Amajikijolo avuthiwe anomunambithi omnandi futhi omuncu wokuvuselela izinhloso zomhlaba wonke.
UBlackberry Natchez
Ngo-2007, ososayensi baseMelika abavela e-Arkansas bethule ibanga elisha le-Natchez blackberry. Isici sesiko ukuvuthwa kokuqala kwekhulu, enesisindo esingu-8-10 amagremu webhusha. Ukuvunwa kuqala ezinsukwini eziyishumi zokuqala zikaJulayi futhi kuqhubeke kuze kube uSepthemba. Amajikijolo amnyama acwebezelayo walezi zinhlobonhlobo anomumo obala, imbewu encane, uginindela omnandi we-dessert flavour nephunga eliqhakazile, elinesimilo.
Kuvunwa ngaphandle kokulahleka kwekhwalithi kugcinwa izinsuku eziningana futhi kungahanjiswa.
IBlackberry Agaveam
Amajikijolo ama-oblong acwebezelayo omnyama we-Agawam uvuthwe ngo-Agasti. Amahlumela anamandla akhula aze afike kumamitha amathathu athela izithelo ngonyaka wesibili wokuphila futhi abekezelele ukuvuna okuningi. Kodwa-ke, ebusika ngaphandle kokukhosela, izihlahla zilinyazwa yiqhwa futhi zidinga indawo yokukhosela. Izinhlobonhlobo ezikhonjiswe esithombeni zibonakaliswa kancane kancane, okuhlala cishe inyanga, isivuno nokunambitheka okuhle kwamajikijolo asemhlabeni jikelele.
URubber Ruben (uRuben)
I-Rubbrid blackberry Ruben ithela izithelo kumahlumela weminyaka yokuqala neyesibili yokuphila. Isivuno sokuqala singoJulayi, lapho-ke sikhulu kakhulu, sinesisindo samagremu ayi-10 kuya kwayi-16 amajikijolo avuthwa ngasekupheleni kwehlobo bese uwaqoqa kuze kube ngu-Okthoba. I-Blackberry yokulungisa ayihlukaniswa kuphela ukukha amajikijolo aphindwe kabili, kodwa futhi nesivuno esikhulu.
Amabhasi anamandla anesimo esiqondile, isasasa ngokusekelwa futhi abekezelela kahle ama-qhwa.
UBlackberry Navaho
I-Beshipnaya blackberry Navajo yakha isihlahla esikhulu, esiqondile esinokuphakama kwamamitha amabili nesiqingatha. Lesi sitshalo asinambulelo, sidinga ukulungiswa kancane futhi asidingi ukuxhaswa. Isilimo samajikijolo amakhulu, a-oval noma oyindilinga avuthwa ngo-Agasti, futhi ukuqoqwa kwawo kugcina cishe enye inyanga. Isisindo se-berry esinsomi-esimnyama singama-5-7 amagremu. Izithelo zimnandi, zinoshukela nge-acidity encane.
Izinzuzo zalokhu okuhlukahlukene kwama-amajikijolo akhiqiza kakhulu, ukunambitheka okuhle nohlobo lwamajikijolo.
Umhluzi weBlackberry Triple Thornless
Olunye uhlobo lwe-blackberry e-American lasungulwa ngabazalisi be-Oregon. Isitshalo esikhiqiza izilimo ezinzile sakha isihlahla esinesiqingatha esisakazeka sifinyelela kumamitha amathathu ubude. Ukuze uthole okuningi kuyo, amahlumela ama-Triple Black Crown athunyelwa kuma-trellises noma izixhaso eziqinile ezingamelana namabhulashi namajikijolo amakhulu wokuvuthwa engxenyeni yesibili yehlobo.
Isici sezinhlobonhlobo ukumelana kwamajikijolo emazingeni okushisa aphakeme nokuhamba, ukunambitheka okukhanyayo kwezithelo nosayizi wazo omkhulu kakhulu phakathi nenkathi yokuvuthwa. Ngokwesilinganiso, isivuno esihlahleni cishe singama-10 kg amajikijolo e-dessert angashintshi ukunambitheka noma ngabe sikhule ngaphandle kokubola.
I-Blackberry Triple Crown, njengezinhlobo eziningi zaseMelika, ayinayo i-hardness yasebusika ephezulu futhi idinga ukufakelwa amandla.
UBlackberry Chester (UChester Thornless)
Ingadi ijikijolo iqhathaniswa kahle nezinhlobo zasendle ngokuya ngosayizi wamajikijolo nesivuno. Ezinye izinhlobo, ezifana ne-Chester blackberry, azinawo ama-spikes, okwenza lula ukuthi kulinywe futhi kulondolozwe amahlathi atshaliwe. Isiko libhekisela ezinhlotsheni zokuvuthwa sekwephuzile. Amajikijolo okuqala anesisindo esingu-5 kuya ku-8 amagremu alungele ukuvunwa maphakathi no-Agasti, izithelo ezimnandi zokugcina ezimnandi zingajatshulelwa eduze kuka-Okthoba. Izithelo zigcinwe kahle, gcina ukuma kwazo nobumnandi. Izihlahla ezinomqhele obanzi kulula ukunakekela futhi zifihle kalula ebusika.
Blackberry Karaka Mnyama
Ngokutadisha izincazelo nezithombe zezinhlobonhlobo ze-blackberry, awukwazi ukwazisa kuphela ubuhle nobuthakathaka besiko, kodwa futhi wenze nokutholwa okumangazayo. Isibonelo, i-blackberry entsha iKaraka Black ingowokudabuka eNew Zealand, kanti kulolu hlobo lwesitshalo ayenezihlobo zayo ezisondelene kuphela, kepha futhi nzalo etholakala ngokuwela ama-amajikijolo ngama-raspberries.
Le ndlela yososayensi isivumela ukuthi sifinyelele amajikijolo amakhulu kunabo bonke, sithuthukise iphunga labo elibucayi futhi senze izithelo zikufanelekele ukuhamba. Isisindo se-berry ende, esihlwabusayo sezinhlobonhlobo ze-blackberry esikhonjiswe esithombeni cishe singama-gramu ayi-10. Isikhumba simnyama, sicwebezelwe mnyama. I-pulp inoshukela, imnandi.
Ngenxa yokuvuthwa kancane kancane, isivuno esiphakeme njalo sivunwa izinyanga eziyi-1.5-2.
Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ze-blackberry i-Loch Ness (i-Loch Ness)
Iphunga elikhanyayo, ukunambitheka okuhle kakhulu ne-tart tint kanye nenhlaka enhle, ehambisanayo yamajikijolo enesisindo esukela ku-5 kuya ku-10 wesisindo kuyizici zesimo se-blackberry le-Loch Ness ngaphandle komoya, ngenxa yokuthi izinhlobonhlobo zazaziswa kakhulu yiBritish Royal Society of Gardeners.
Kusuka esihlahleni ngasinye ekhishini lasehlobo ungathola cishe ama-15 kg amajikijolo avuthiwe, ezimweni zokulima kakhulu, umkhiqizo ukhuphuka ufike kuma-25-30 kg. Ngasikhathi sinye, izithelo zigcina ukubukeka kwazo nokunambitha izinsuku eziningana, okubalulekile ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiso kokutshala. Ngokusho kwencazelo, ijikijolo yeLech Ness isilungele ukuvunwa maphakathi no-Agasti.
I-Blackberry Polar (Polar)
Abafuyi bezindawo basePoland bafulela umjikijolo wePoland, othakazelisa abalimi baseRussia ngenxa yokumelana nokuqandeka kakhulu kwesithwathwa kanye nokuthi kungenzeka kwezihlahla ezikhulayo ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala eyengeziwe. Izitshalo ezikhula ngokuqinile zinikeza ezithelweni ezinzile zamajikijolo amakhulu amile okweqanda ngesikhumba esimnyama esimnyama nokunambitheka okumnandi okuhle. Izithelo zingasetshenziselwa ukuwafaka kwasekhaya bese udla okusha.
UBlackberry Loch Tay
I-Blackless blackberry Loch Tey yemvelaphi eyinkimbinkimbi ye-hybrid inika amajikijolo amnandi amakhulu nge-pulp emnyama nesikhumba esimnyama esimnyama. Izithelo ezidliwayo ezihlanganisiwe ziqala ukuvuthwa eminyakeni eyishumi eyedlule kaJulayi, ngokuzayo iqoqo alihlali cishe inyanga. Amabhishi asabalalisa inhlabathi ayakhiwa kusuka emahlumela aqinile, anukayo enza umqhele ohlangene, okulula ukunakekela.
I-Thornfree Blackberry Variety Incazelo
Enye yezinhlobonhlobo zokuqala zomkhumbi ezinsonsakalo ezingenamkhawulo, ezisathandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabahlali basehlobo. Ngokwencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, i-blackberry Thornfrey yakha isihlahla esikhulu esingamile esiqukethe amahlumela afinyelela kumamitha ayi-5 ubude.
I-Rigid ivela ngokuqinile ekuqineni kobunzima bokuvinjelwa kwamajikijolo ovuthiwe ngo-Agasti-Septhemba kusuka ku-5 kuya ku-8 amagremu.
Izinhlobonhlobo ziphikisana nokuvikelwa kwezifo nokukhiqizwa okuphezulu.
Kwibhulashi elilodwa kungasuka amajikijolo angama-30 kuye kwangama-120. Izithelo eziyindilinga emnyama zinenyama enomnandi futhi ukunambitheka okumnandi kakhulu nokumuncu, kepha lapho sekuvuthiwe ngokuphelele, amajikijolo asheshe aqhekeke futhi awagcinwanga.
BlackBerry Giant (Bedford Giant)
Amahlamvu eBlackberry Bedford Giant afakazele ngokulinganayo kahle engadini yezimboni neyangasese. Ngokwencazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, iBlackberry Giant iyisitshalo esinezimpaphe ezinwabuzelayo ezinwabuzelayo, lapho ukuvuthwa kwamajikijolo amnyama amnyama afinyelela ku-7 amagremu kuqala ngoJulayi. Izithelo zinambitheka omuhle kakhulu, iziqu zikhula kahle futhi zibekezelele ubusika.
Blackberry Arapaho (Arapaho)
Izinhlobo ze-Blackberry zokukhethwa kwaseMelika ziphakathi kwezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni. IBlackberry Arapaho, eyatholwa ososayensi abavela esifundazweni sase-Arkansas ngonyaka ka-1993, yafakwa ochungechungeni olunabile lwezitshalo eziqanjwe ngezizwe zamaNdiya aseMelika. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo ezingenakubalwa, lokhu kuhlukahluka kuthathwa njengokuqala.
Ama-Berlin anesisindo esingama-gramu ayi-7 avuthwa engxenyeni yesibini kaJulayi. Izithelo ezimnandi ezinesikhumba esimnyama esikhanyayo zinesimo esibanzi se-conical nenyama enamanzi, ukunambitheka kwayo akuthinteki neze ngembewu encane.
Amabhishi akhiqiza kakhulu awazesabi izifo futhi angamelana neqhwa aze afike ku-24 ° C.
UBlackberry Kiowa
Okunye ukuhlukahluka kososayensi be-Arkansas kuzonikeza abalimi amajikijolo amakhulu kakhulu angabizwa ngokuthi ama-berries aqoshwe. I-Kiova blackberry ithela izithelo ezinesisindo esingama-gramu angama-20 ngembewu ephakathi nendawo, isikhumba esiminyene nokunambitheka okuhle enyameni. Amajikijolo avuthwa kancane kancane, abekezelele izinto zokuhamba kahle futhi angakhuli amancane ngokuphela kwesizini. Izihlahla ngokwazo, ezakhiwe ngamahlumela amile afinyelela ku-160 cm ukuphakama, zingamelana neqhwa phansi ziye ku-23 ° C.
Blackberry Apache (Apache)
Ukuhlukahluka kwe-Apache emelana neqhwa e-United States kwaqala ukwenziwa emphakathini wezamasiko ngo-1999. Isithsaba esingenantambo esinezimpande eziqinile ezihluma kahle sinikeza amagremu amakhulu, aze afinyelela ku-10 ngesisindo esimnandi esimnandi. Izithelo ezinamafutha anamakha zilungele ukusetshenziswa okusha nokubandwa. Izinhlobonhlobo zimelele isivuno saso esihle kakhulu ngokuqhathanisa nezinhlobo zezentengiso ezihamba phambili, kanye nokumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme.
