Intwasahlobo yisikhathi sokutshala izihlahla zezithelo; lesi yisikhathi esishisa kakhulu kubahlali basehlobo. Izilimo ezivame kakhulu engadini emzileni ophakathi ziyizihlahla zama-apula, ithini lamapheya, ama-cherries kanye ne-plums. Njenganoma yiliphi ibhizinisi, kubalulekile ukulandela imithetho yokutshala izihlahla zezithelo - kulokhu kuphela ngemuva kwenkathi ethile abazokujabulisa ngesivuno esiningi futhi bazothela izithelo njalo.
Inhlangano yanoma iyiphi ingadi iqala ngezihlahla. Ukutshala kwentwasahlobo kwezihlahla zezithelo nezihlahla kuyinto ebaluleke kunazo zonke, yize kungenziwa ehlobo nasekwindla. Enye yezinzuzo eziphambili zokutshala kwentwasahlobo yezithombo zezihlahla zezithelo ukuthi ngesikhathi sasehlobo iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lwezimpande, amagxolo, okwenza kube ngcono ukubekezelela ubusika bokuqala. Ngemuva kokutshala izithombo, kuyadingeka ukuthi uzifake ezintweni ezikhuthaza ukukhula nokukhula kwezitshalo.
Umgomo oyinhloko wensimu ukukhulisa izihlahla ezinempilo nezinhle ezinikeza isivuno esihle futhi zijabulise iso. Ukuze utshale isihlahla, udinga ukumba umgodi wokufika. Ukujula nobubanzi bawo kuncike kuhlobo, izinhlobonhlobo nobudala besithombo. Lapho utshala izithombo zezihlahla zezithelo entwasahlobo, umhlaba owembiwe ungqimba oluvundile olungaphezulu ubekwa ngokwahlukana nenhlabathi engaphansi. Faka i-10-12 kg ye-humus enhlabathini engaphezulu yesendlalelo, hlanganisa kahle, emva kwalokho ingxenye yengxube ithululelwa ngaphansi komgodi ngesilayidi. Ungangeza umanyolo wezimbiwa zezihlahla zezithelo ngenani elishiwo kwimiyalo. Ukuze ugobe isithombo ngemuva kokutshala izihlahla zezithelo kulelo gumbi, kufakwa isikhonkwane emgodini wesikhungo, okufanele ukhuphuke ngaphezu komhlaba kuze kube okungenani amamitha ayi-1.
Lapho sehlise isithombo emgodini, udinga ukuqondisa ngokucophelela izimpande zalo egqumeni lomhlaba elithululiwe. Ukusuka ngaphezulu, ingxenye esele yeleya evundile (enomquba nomanyolo) kufanele ithululelwe ezimpandeni. Ngemuva kwalokho, yisithombo esiniselwa ngokuphelele (amabhakede ama-1-2 wamanzi) bese inhlabathi yesendlalelo esingaphansi ithululelwa ngaphezulu. Inhlabathi ezungeze isihlahla inyathelwa ngokucophelela, futhi isithombo siboshwe ngesikhonkwane. Ungakhohlwa ukubuka ibanga elifanele lapho utshala izihlahla zezithelo, ukuze zingabi nabantu abaningi kamuva.
Umgomo wokutshala izithombo zezihlahla zezithelo uyafana, kepha umgodi udinga ukwenziwa ube mncane. Eduze kwesiqu, kunconyelwa ukuthulula igquma lomhlaba ukuvikela umnkantsha wezimpande ezingekho kahle kuwo.
Ukutshala nokunakekela izithombo zezihlahla zezithelo akuyona inkimbinkimbi njengoba kungabonakala ekuqaleni kokuqala. Kunconywa ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo ngaphansi kokuvikela ezinye, ezingamelana kakhulu nesithwathwa, njenge-ash ash noma i-spruce. Kunezindawo eziningi zokutshala ezivikela izivande engadini ebandayo ebusika. Izakhiwo zingasebenza njengokuvikelwa okunjalo.
Entwasahlobo, kunconywa izihlahla zezithelo ezinjenge-apula, eliphakathi kwe, iplamu kanye ne-cherry.
Ungatshala kanjani i-apula nethanga esiqeshini
Izihlahla ze-Apple namapheya ziyizitshalo ezivame kakhulu engadini. Umuthi we-apula kanye neparele zingatshalwa cishe kuzo zonke izifunda ezingxenyeni yaseYurophu yezwe lethu, ngaphandle kwalezo ezisenyakatho kakhulu. Isihlahla sama-apula sihlahla esihle esingamelana neqhwa. Ukhetha inhlabathi engathathi hlangothi enothile ngezinto ezi-humus nezokulandela umkhondo, ibekezelela kabi amaxhaphozi nomhlaba ngezinga eliphakeme lamanzi aphansi (ngaphansi kwamamitha ayi-1).
Iparele inokumelana nesithwathwa esiphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezibunjiwe, kepha eliphakathi kwehla ngokushesha kunomuthi we-apula, ngakho-ke, izihlahla zezithelo emhlabathini otshisayo akufanele zitshalwe emgodini wokutshala, kodwa egqumeni elithululelwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lapho ukutshala izihlahla zama-apula kanye namapheya, noma yimuphi umhlaba otholakala kusiza, umquba, i-peat, isihlabathi, ungasetshenziswa njengesiqalo sendaba enjalo. Izitini ezibomvu ezaphukile, izingcezwana zesilayidi kanye namathayela e-ceramic, namatshe aphakathi nendawo ajwayele ukusebenza njengesisekelo ezindaweni ezimanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabeka amahlumela amakhulu aqoshiwe, ama-trimmings kanye nezingcezwana zamabhodi, amagatsha, ukusikwa.
Ungqimba olandelayo ngotshani obomile, imfucumfucu yokudla, i-newsprint ebhobozekile futhi eshayekile (ngaphandle kwemifanekiso enemibala). Zonke izingqimba zimbozwe ngomhlaba nesihlabathi. Okokugcina, ungqimba oluphezulu luhanjiswa ezweni lengadi evundile enobude okungenani be-0.5 m, ngokunokwenzeka luhlanganiswa ne-peat. Okungenani isizini eyodwa igquma kumele lime ukuze umhlaba uzinze. Njengoba izihlahla zitshalwe entwasahlobo, igquma kufanele lilungele ukuwa.
Ngemuva kokutshala isihlahla, udinga ukuthulula inhlabathi egqumeni njalo ngesizini, hhayi ngaphansi kwesiqu kuphela, kodwa futhi nxazonke komngcele womqhele.
Ibanga phakathi kwama-apula namapheya lapho utshala
Ngaphambi kokutshala ama-apula namapheya ngokufanele, nakekela ikhwalithi yezithombo - kungcono ukuthenga izithombo kwizithombo zokubeletha, ukhetha izinhlobo ezihlanganisiwe ezikhulile ezitsheni, hhayi ubudala kuneminyaka engama-2-3. Izithombo ezinjalo zikubekezelela kangcono ukuthutha nokufakelwa, futhi ukuzithenga enkulisa kuqinisekisa ukuthi umuthi uhambisana nezinhlobo ozifunayo.
Uma amanzi asemhlabathini esondele kakhulu, igquma lithululelwa ngendlela efanayo naleyo eyake yenzeka ngayo ngaphambili, kodwa ingaphezulu lingasuswa ngaphambili, futhi izingcezwana zesilayidi noma ezinye izinto ezifanayo zibekwa phansi komgodi owakhiwe ukuvimba izimpande zesihlahla ukuba zingakhuli ngokujulile.
Le ndlela inecala ikakhulukazi lapho utshala uphaya. Kulesihlahla, izimpande zikhula ikakhulukazi zibheke phansi, futhi ngale ndlela, izimpande eziphambili zisakazeka ngaphezulu komhlaba futhi zingamanzi. Ibanga phakathi kwama-apula namapheya ngesikhathi sokutshala kumele okungenani libe yi-4 m ukusuka komunye nomunye, futhi ukusuka kwezinye izihlahla noma ezakhiweni.
Izihlahla zezithelo zitshalwa iminyaka engama-20-25. Ngokuyisisekelo, izithombo ze-apula nezapile ngemuva kokutshala ziqala ukuthela izithelo zineminyaka emi-5, ngakho-ke, udaba lokukhetha izinto zokutshala nendawo yokutshala isihlahla kumele lusondelwe kakhulu.
Imithetho yokutshala izithombo ze-cherry
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ama-cherries akhetha imithambeka emincane yendawo encane ukusuka eningizimu-entshonalanga, eningizimu noma entshonalanga. Ngokwemithetho yokutshala ama-cherries, kufanele kubhekwe i-aeration enhle, ngoba inhlabathi ezindaweni ezinjalo ifudumala kangcono, okuthinta izitshalo kahle. Kodwa-ke, ukutshala ama-cherries emhlabathini ophakeme akunconywa, ngoba ebusika uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo lungase lube yiqhwa ngenxa yokuthi iqhwa liqhuma egqumeni lomoya.
Uma izithombo ze-cherry zitshalwe eduze kocingo, kufanele zibekwe ohlangothini olukhanyiswe kahle. Ukuvimbela ukumiswa kwama-cherries nezinye izihlahla (ngokwesibonelo, izihlahla zama-apula), ezitshalweni zibekwa ohlangothini oluseningizimu. Uma utshala i-cherry ohlangothini olusenyakatho, umuthi uyolula futhi ngeke uze uthele izithelo. Izihlahla zedraw kanye ne-semi-dwarf nazo zidinga ukukhanyiswa okwanele nokufudumala.
UCherry ukhula kahle enhlabathini yezinhlobo ezahlukahlukene, kodwa-ke, ukuthola isivuno esikhulu kanye nokuqina okuzinzile, kutyalwe enhlabathini evundile enezimpawu eziphakeme zomzimba, zomile ngokwanele, ezithola umoya omningi. Izakhiwo ezinjalo zine-chernozem, ukukhanya okukhanyayo nenhlabathi yamahlathi.
I-Cherry ayibekezeleli inhlabathi enobumba esindayo, kanye ne-acidic. Amathafa nezigodi ezingaphansi akufanelekile ukutshala lesi sitshalo, ngoba umoya opholile kanye nomswakama kugxiliwe kulezi zindawo. Izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhula okuphelele nokukhula kwama-cherries asemhlabathini onokusabela okuncane noma okusondele kokungathathi hlangothi.
Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ze-cherry lapho utshala
Izinto zokutshala ezinhle kakhulu zokuhlelwa kwengadi yezithelo ezingama-cherry, kokubili eningizimu yeRussia kanye nomgwaqo ophakathi nendawo, yizithombo zaminyaka yonke ezinomqhele owakhiwe kahle. Kodwa-ke, ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, kungcono ukutshala izithombo ze-biennial.
Ngaphambi kokutshala izithombo, kubalulekile ukuhlola ukujula kwamanzi aphansi komhlaba. Kufanele zibe kude kumamitha ayi-2 ukusuka ebusweni bomhlaba. Izithombo zilungiselelwe ukutshala ngale ndlela elandelayo: zisusile lapho kubhekwa khona ubusika, zihlolwa ngokucophelela, izimpande ezilimele ziyagawulwa, kanye namagatsha angeziwe omqhele.
Ukutshala kwenziwa ezigabeni zokuqala, njengoba izithombo ezimbiwe zingaqala ngokushesha futhi ziqale ukukhula. Uma ufike sekwephuzile ngokutshala, izithombo zingahle zingathathi izimpande (ngisho nangokunakekelwa kwazo okugculisayo).
Ukulima inhlabathi ngokufaka umanyolo wamaminerali kanye ne-organic, kanye ne-lime, uma kunesidingo, kwenziwa iminyaka eyi-1.5-2 ngaphambi kokutshala izihlahla, futhi kungakadluli uSepthemba wonyaka owedlule.
Uma inhlabathi inesilinganiso sokuzala, umquba, umquba noma ama-humus asetshenziswa njengamanyolo, ngokuvamile anikela ngama-5-6 kg nge-1 m2. Esimweni lapho inhlabathi incishisiwe, isilinganiso samanyolo anjalo angama-8-9 kg nge-1 m2. Umanyolo wamaminerali usetshenziswa inani eliphindwe izikhathi ezi-2 ngaphansi komanyolo we-organic
Ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ze-cherry lincike ezinhlobonhlobo. Izihlahla ezinomqhele obanzi, izinhlobo ezinhlobonhlobo zamakherubhi njengeYubileinaya, Vladimirskaya neShubinka, atshalwe kude nobude obuyi-3.5 m ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ibanga lapho ukutshala ama-cherries ohlobo lwe-semi-dwarf abaphakathi kwama-2,5 m.
Lapho utshala ama-cherries, ungalandela uhlelo olubandakanya ukuhlelwa kwezihlahla okuhlangene. Imvamisa lokhu akuthinti ukunambitheka kwezithelo.
Ukutshala izihlahla zezithelo: ibanga phakathi kwezithombo ze-plum
Izithombo zePlum, ezithengwe ekwindla, zibanjiswa ubusika emgodini wangaphambi kokumba obunjengobude obungama-45 cm. Zibekwa emgodini ohlangothini, bese zimbozwe ngenhlabathi engxenyeni yesiqu. Lapho-ke inhlabathi ezungezile iyathathelwa. Ebusika, izithombo zimbozwe yiqhwa - ngakho-ke zizovikeleka kangcono eqandeni. I-Upland, inhlabathi elula ye-loamy ilungele amaplamu akhulayo. Ukutshala izihlahla entwasahlobo. Ibanga lapho utshala iplamu okungenani li-3 m ukusuka komunye nomunye.
Ukuze batshale isithombo, bmba umgodi ojulile ngo-60 cm no-90 cm.Ungqimba olungaphezulu lomhlabathi oluvundile lubekwa kolunye uhlangothi phansi ezansi. Ngemuva kwalokho, maphakathi nomgodi, kufakwa isigxobo sokufika bese izingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zezingqimba eziphezulu zigcwele inhlabathi. Ngaphambili, kumanyolo womanyolo kanye nezezimbiwa kwengezelelwa kuwo: 12 kg womquba womquba noma womquba, 1 kg we-superphosphate, 0.5 inkomishi ye-potassium chloride noma izinkomishi ezi-5 zomlotha wokhuni.
Ukutshala izithombo ze-plum kulungele ezimbili. I-sapling kumele ifakwe ohlangothini olusenyakatho, izimpande zisatshalaliswa ebusweni bendunduma, bese inhlabathi evundile ithululelwa emgodini. Lapho itshalwe ngokufanele, intamo yezimpande ye-seedling isebangeni elingama-4-5 cm ukusuka ngaphezulu kwenhlabathi. Ngemuva kokutshala, kugaywa umgodi ezizungeze isihlahla esisha, ngemuva kwalokho isithombo siyoniselwa. I-Garter plums ukufaka isandla yenziwa kusetshenziswa i-twine noma ifilimu. Uma izinga lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba engadini lingaphezulu kwe-1.5 m, inhlabathi ngaphambi kokutshala iplamu ikhuliswa ngo-0.5 m.
