I-Rhododendron, noma iRosewood

Uhlobo lwe-rhododendrons lukhulu futhi luhlukile. Kubandakanya izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza, ezihlala ziluhlaza futhi zicebisa, izihlahlana, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izihlahla. Kuhunyushwe kusuka ku-Greek rhododendron - "rosewood." Kodwa i-rose evela emndenini weRosaceae rhododendron ovela emndenini we-heather awunalutho. Axhumeke kuphela ubuhle bezimbali nezinhlobonhlobo ezinkulu zezinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo.

Isimbali seRhododendron. © Ihlathi Wander

I-Rhododendron (I-Rhododendron) - uhlobo lwezitshalo zomndeni wakwaHeather. Uhlobo olukhulu oluhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingamakhulu ayisishiyagalombili zezimbali ezihlala ziluhlaza, ezinesihlahla nesihlahla esi-deciduous neziqabayo.

Uhlobo lwe-Rhododendron luhlanganisa ama-azaleas aziwa kabanzi ezindlini kanye nasezimbizeni zezitshalo, ezihlukaniswa ngabathengisi abathile njenge-subgenus noma isigaba sohlobo.

I-Rhododendrons isatshalaliswa ikakhulu endaweni efudumele yeNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ngokuhlukahluka okukhulu kakhulu kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezibonakala eSouth China, eHimalaya, Japan, Southeast Asia, naseNyakatho Melika. Zitholakala naseSouthern Hemisphere - eNew Guinea nasenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Australia. Izitshalo ziyahlukahluka ngosayizi: ezinye izinhlobo zifinyelela ukuphakama okungama-30 m, kepha kukhona nezihlahlana ezinwabuzelayo. Ubungako bezimbali busuka kokuncane kuya kobubanzi obungaphezu kwama-20 cm.

E-Russia, ngaphansi kwezimo zemvelo, kutholakala izinhlobo ezifika ku-18, ikakhulukazi eCaucasus (ngokwesibonelo, i-rhododendron ephuzi), eSiberia naseMpumalanga Ekude.

I-Rhododendrons. © mozzercork

Ukukhetha indawo ozohlala kuyo

Iphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu - indawo efanelekile yokutshala isihlahla se-Rhododendron. AbakwaRhododendrons balawula izimo zabo, futhi bavelele ekukhetheni ukukhanyisa, inhlabathi kanye nomakhelwane - akulula ngaso sonke isikhathi ukufaka isihlahla esisha emphakathini wezitshalo osuvele usakhiwa.

Indawo yokutshala i-rhododendrons kufanele ivikeleke emimoyeni ekhona futhi elangeni eliqondile, ngaphandle kokuntengantenga kwamanzi kanye nokusabela kwe-asidi enhlabathini.

Onke ama-rhododendrons adinga ilanga, kepha ngamazinga ahlukahlukene. Imifudlana ye-Alpine ithanda ilanga ngokukhethekile. Ama-evergreens amakhulu amakhulu anezihlahla ezikhethiwe akhetha ukukhula emthunzini oyingxenye. Abanye bakhuthazelela ukubetheka ngezikhathi ezithile, kepha ama-Rhododendrons awakwazi ukuhlala esithunzini esijwayelekile - khona-ke awaqhakaze nakancane noma aqhakaze buthaka kakhulu. Amapayipi abhekwa njengomakhelwane ofanele kubo - ngaphansi kwabo kunokukhanya okwanele, futhi uhlelo olujulile lwempande aluphazamisi isihlahla esinezimbali.

Lokhu, ngendlela, kungenye yezidingo zokutshala i-rhododendrons - ukuze kungabikho zihlahla ezinkulu ezinezimpande ezingaqondile eduze nomgodi wokufika. Njengamamephu, i-linden, i-alder, i-willow, futhi ikakhulukazi i-birch - izimpande zawo ziyayiqeda kakhulu insebe yomhlabathi, kanti nama-Rhododendrons kunzima ukuncintisana nawo. Ukuvikela i-Rhododendron ekulweni okungaphansi komhlaba komakhelwane abakhulu, umgodi wokufika ungahlukaniswa kusuka ngezansi futhi ezinhlangothini ngesiqeshana esiqinile sendwangu engasindi.

Iminyaka yokuhlangenwe nakho kukhombisa ukuthi lezi zitshalo zizizwa zilungile eduze kwamachibi lapho umoya umswakama. Ngakho-ke, batshalwa eduze kwamachibi namachibi, imifudlana namachibi. Uma kungekho manti eduzane, ama-Rhododendrons ahlala etshizwa afafazwa kanye ngeviki ngaphambi kokuqhakaza. Kepha izimbali eziqhakazayo akumele zimbozwe ngamanzi; kungcono ukunisela izihlahla kaningi.

I-Rhododendron © Ngokucacile Kuyamangaza

Izici Zokufika

Isikhathi esihle sokutshala i-rhododendrons yintwasahlobo. Ngesikhathi sokutshala kwentwasahlobo, izitshalo ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kahle nezimpande endaweni entsha. Futhi uzoba nethuba lokuncoma izimbali zokuqala. Izitshalo ezinesistimu yezimpande evaliwe (esitsheni) zingatshalwa kamuva.

Endaweni ekhethiwe, imigodi yokufika ilungiselelwe kusengaphambili. Uhlelo lwezimpande ze-rhododendrons luyicwecwe impela, ngakho-ke, ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezinde, kwanele ukumba umgodi ongaba ngu-50 cm ngokujula nama-70-80 cm ububanzi.Ibanga phakathi kwezitshalo lincike ekuphakameni nasentanjeni yomqhele wesihlahla nokuphakama kusuka kumamitha angama-0.7 kuya kwayi-2. kudingeka imigodi: ungqimba lwezitini ezaphukile nesihlabathi esingu-15- 20 cm, uma umgodi wokufika ujule, khona-ke ungqimba wokudonsa amanzi lukhuphuka lufika ku-30 - 40 cm futhi lufaka amatshe amahle noma itshe elichotshoziwe (kepha alinendaba)!

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi emvelweni imvelo i-rhododendrons ikhula ezinhlabathini ezinomhlaba ogcwele ubuthi, obunama-humus, abakhululekile, abanomoya-kanye namanzi. Ngakho-ke, isendlalelo engadini kufanelekile: ingxube yenhlabathi enamaqabunga, isicaka sehhashi, udoti wezihlahla zezihlahla ze-coniferous (3: 2: 1) ngokufakwa komanyolo ogcwele wamaminerali: 70 g emgodini ngamunye. I-acidity efanele yenhlabathi 4.5 - 5.0.

Ngaphambi kokutshala, ibhola lempande le-Rhododendron elisuswe ebhodweni kufanele ligcwaliswe kahle ngamanzi. Uma sesomile, sicwiliswa emanzini bese silinda ukuqedwa kokukhishwa kwama-bubble air. Isihlahla sitshalwe emgodini ogcwele substrate, siqinisekise ukuthi intamo yezimpande ayijulile, kepha iphakeme ngo-2 cm kunezinga lomhlabathi, kucatshangelwa ukujula kwalo. Eduze kwesihlahla yenza isiqu esiseduze kahle ngemiphetho ephakanyisiwe futhi sinisele kakhulu.

I-Rhododendrons inohlelo lwezimpande olungashoni (30-40 cm), olukhula ikakhulu emgqonyeni kadoti kanye nasesikhathini somuntu. Ngakho-ke, ezungeze izihlahla ezitshaliwe, impahla ye-mulching empeleni iyathululelwa, igcina umswakama, ivimbele ukweqisa kwenhlabathi nokukhula kokhula, ivikela izimpande ekulimaleni kwemishini, kunciphisa ukujula kokuqothulwa kwenhlabathi. Njenge-mulch, i-pine bark noma i-chip yezinkuni, udoti we-coniferous, i-peat ifaneleka kahle, ngenkathi ungqimba lwe-mulch kufanele lube okungenani yi-5 cm.

I-Rhododendron © izincwadi zokubhala

Ukunakekelwa kweRhododendron

Ama-Rhododendrons atshalwe kahle akhula kahle. Uma i-substrate yenhlabathi yenziwe kahle, ngeke idinge ukunakekelwa okukhethekile.

Ehlobo elishisayo nelomile ngisho nezinyanga zasekwindla, kuyadingeka ukuthi uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi engaphansi kwezihlahla ayomile. Kodwa-ke, ungathathwa - ukuthambisa ngokweqile kuyingozi kubo.

Njengoba lezi zitshalo zihlala ezintabeni ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama ophezulu, njengomthetho, ziphendula kahle kakhulu ekufafaza sonke isihlahla ngamaqabunga nezimbali. Ngokwemvelo, lokhu akufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwelanga elishisayo noma amanzi eqhwa.

Iniselwa kakhulu ngemvula noma ngamanzi omfula. Amanzi avela emthonjeni wobuciko noma ophahleni lwamanzi aqukethe usawoti amaningi we-calcium ne-magnesium - kulokhu, inhlabathi izoqala ukukhipha i-alkalize ne-saline, futhi ama-rhododendrons azolahlekelwa ukusebenza kwawo kokuhlobisa. (Ekuqaleni, akukho okubonakala sengathi kuyenzeka, kepha ngemuva kweminyaka engama-2-4, amanzi anzima azokwenza iqhinga.)

Ukuze umugqa wenhlabathi ungashisi, amanzi okunisela kumele acutshwe - okungcono kakhulu konke nge-sulfuric acid. Kunzima ukukhombisa ukuqoqwa kwe-acid ngqo - kuya ngezinga lobunzima bamanzi. Indlela elula yokusebenzisa iphepha lesikhombisi se-litmus. Inkomba ye-hydrogen (pH) yamanzi kufanele ibe ngu-3.5-4.5.

Ama-inflorescence anesinaphi anciphisa ukuhlobisa kwesitshalo kumele aphulwe noma asikwe ngokucophelela, egcina amaqabunga e-axillary emaqabunga aphezulu. Lokhu kunomthelela ekukhuleni okukhulu kanye nokuqhakaza kwama-rhododendrons ngonyaka olandelayo.

I-Rhododendron

Rhododendrons ebusika

Ubusika yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu empilweni yama-Rhododendrons. Ukuqhakaza konyaka olandelayo kuncike kuwo.

Njengomthetho, izinhlobo ezinqabayo ebusika zingcono impela maphakathi nenyakatho kunamaqabunga ahlala eqabile. Ama-rhododendrons anqabile anjengeDaurian, iJapan, aphuzi, iCanada, iLedebour, iSchlippenbach akadingi ukumbozwa - uma kwenzeka, umboza kuphela indawo yomsuka wempande ngamaqabunga owomile noma ubala.

Okuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunjalo nge-evergreen rhododendrons. Ngisho nobusika-Hardy (eCaucasian, iKatevbinsky) bukhule kangcono nendawo yokukhosela. Ebusika, azibambi kangako njengoba zoma - zidinga isivikelo emoyeni naselangeni. Ngale njongo, izindlu zilungile, zadilizwa phansi kusuka emabhodini futhi zambozwa ngophahla.

Ama-Rhododendrons angaphansi kobusika abaqinile ngeke avikele indawo yokukhosela enjalo. Bazodinga izindlu ezimbozwe ngumbala wokufaka we-porous (polypropylene, foam polyurethane, njll.). Izitepisi ezintekenteke (i-polystyrene) azifanele. Ishelter kumele ibe nohlaka, uma kungenjalo iqhwa eliwile lizoyibhubhisa igqekeze isihlahla.

Amaqhwa angalimaza uhlelo lwezimpande lwama-rhododendrons, womabili ama-evergreen ne-deciduous, ngakho-ke kufanele afakwe kuqala. Ngokushesha lapho kumiswa amazinga okushisa aphansi, izimpande zifakwe nge-peat ye-asidi noma iqabunga elomile (okungcono i-oki) ngesendlalelo okungenani esingu-10-15 cm.

Kufanele uvale futhi uvule nini izihlahla?

Asikho isidingo sokujaha nganoma yisiphi. Amafriji akhanyayo (aze afike ku-10 ° C) awayona ingozi kuma-Rhododendrons. Kepha uma indawo yokukhosela isethwe kusesekuseni kakhulu, intamo yezimpande izoqala ukuqina bese isitshalo sifa. Ungazami ukubamba iqhwa lokuqala, kwesinye isikhathi eliwela ngo-Okthoba. Ungabheka iqhwa, kepha indawo yokukhosela ngesikhathi esifanele - maphakathi no-Novemba.

Ukuvula izihlahla entwasahlobo nakho akukubi kakhulu. Kwangathi ilanga likaMashi lingakulingi. NgoMashi, izimpande zisabindeka emhlabathini owakhiwe yiqhwa futhi azikwazi ukumunca amanzi. Uma ususa indawo yokukhosela ngalesi sikhathi, amaqabunga obuthakathaka bama-Rhododendrons ahlala ewela ngaphansi kwemisebe evuthayo - futhi "aqhume", awume abe mnyama. Kungcono ukususa indawo yokukhosela kusuka ezihlahleni zeRhododendron lapho inhlabathi incibilikisiwe ngokuphelele futhi ifudunyezwe kancane, futhi isimo sezulu ngosuku olukhethiwe sizoba namafu.

I-Rhododendron © Tie Guy II

Ukuzala kabusha kweRhododendron

Kusatshalaliswa imbewu futhi ngokushaqekile (ukuhlelwa, ukusikwa). Izinhlobo zasendle zivame ukusakazwa ngembewu, futhi izinhlobo zivame ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokusikwa.

Ukuhlwanyela imbewu kwenziwa entwasahlobo ezindebe noma emabhokisini, uma kunenqwaba yembewu; imbewu encane ihlwanyelwa ebusweni be-substrate noma ifafazwe kancane ngesihlabathi esihlanzekile, esishisiwe, esiningi esinamanzi, mhlawumbe sithambile (imvula noma iqhwa elincibilikile). Amanzi ompompi afakwa acidic ngokungeza i-3-4 g ye-oxalic acid nge-10 l lamanzi. Amabhokisi ambozwe ngengilazi noma ngefilimu ukuze alondoloze umswakama ophezulu. Ingxube ye-peat nesihlabathi ethathwe ngamanani alinganayo kufanelekile njenge-substrate. Ngaphambi kokugcwalisa amabhokisi, ingxube yenhlabathi ifakwa ngesisombululo esinamandla se-potanganum permanganate. Ekushiseni kwegumbi, izithombo zivela ngemuva kwamasonto angama-3-4, kwezinye izinhlobo - ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-18. Lapho kuvela amaqabunga okuqala ezithombo, kufanele adluliselwe egumbini elinamazinga okushisa aphansi, cishe ngu-8 - 12 ° C. Ngemuva kwalokho izithombo azonakaliswa kalula yisifo. Ehlobo, amabhokisi anamahlumela angathathwa ayiswe engadini abekwe endaweni evikelekile, akhanyiswe ngokwanele, kepha angawi elangeni eliqondile. Ama-Rhododendron amahlumela mancane kakhulu futhi awubuthakathaka, futhi kufanele aniselwe ngepani, awugcwalise ngamanzi kuze kube yilapho wonke umugqa usugcwele, emva kwalokho kukhishwe amanzi amaningi. Noma ukomisa okukodwa kuholela ekufeni kwezitshalo ezincane, kepha akufanele uhlele ukubhukuda, okuzoholela ekufeni kwezimpande. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe kangcono izithombo, kufanele zikhanyiswe ngamalambu we-fluorescent, azibeke kude ne-10-15 cm. Isikhathi sokukhanya kosuku kufanele kube amahora ayi-16-18. Ngezinsuku zobusika obumnyama, ukukhanya kwasemuva kukhanyiswa kangcono ekuseni. Ukukhetha kuqala izithombo kwenziwa ngoJuni. Zitshalwe emabhokisini kude ne-1.5 cm. Ebusika, izithombo zibuyiselwa egumbini elifudumele futhi zigcinwe endaweni yokushisa engeqi ku-18 ° C. NgoFebhuwari - Mashi bakha isivuno sesibili, bebeka izithombo kude nge-3-4 cm ukusuka komunye nomunye. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, kunikezwa ingubo yokugqoka ephezulu nge-humate, futhi ehlobo - izimpande - Kemira-universal, ngesilinganiso se-2 g nge-2 amalitha amanzi. Ngonyaka wesithathu ngemuva kokuhlwanyela, izithombo zingatshalwa endaweni yokugcina izingane ukuze zikhule. Kakade ngonyaka we-3 - 4 wokuphila, amanye ama-Rhododendrons akhulwe kusuka ezinhlanyelweni (iDaurian, Canadian, Japan kanye nezinye) angena kokuqhakaza kokuqala, okuvame kakhulu ukuba buthaka futhi kunconyelwa ukususa izimbali zokuqala ngokushesha ukuze isitshalo sikwazi ukugcina amandla isikhathi esande neside okuqhakaza eminyakeni eyalandela.

Izitshalo ezithathwe ekusikeni okunezimpande zingaqhakaza ngonyaka olandelayo. Isendlalelo se-rooting: i-Peat nesihlabathi (1: 1), noma i-sawdust nesihlabathi (3: 1), noma ingxube ye-peat, i-perlite, isihlabathi (2: 2: 1). Kwezihlahla ezisikiwe, kusetshenziswa izingcezu ze-semi-lignified rhododendron cutways. Basikwa engxenyeni yesibili kaJuni, ubude bezinsika zingama-5-8 cm, i-slanting yenziwa ngezansi. Amaqabunga aphansi esibambo asuswa, kuthi phezulu angaphezulu ashiywe ngokuphelele. Ama-cuttings aphathwa ngezinto ezikhulisayo: i-indolylbutyric, indolylacetic, i-presinic acid ekuqoqweni okungu-0,02% futhi ibambe amahora angama-12-16, ngezinhlobo zezinhlobo ezinzima zokuqothula, okuhlushwa kungu-2-4%. Ngemuva kwalokho ukusikeka kucwiliswa engxenyeni engaphansi engacishe ibe ngu-30 °, kucindezelwe, kuthelwe ngamanzi bese kumboza ibhokisi ngengilazi noma ngefilimu. Izimpande ezisikiwe zingcono kakhulu emazingeni okushisa angama-24 - 26 ° C, futhi izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphansi kwama-2 degrees. Isidingo sokuqala umswakama ophezulu womhlabathi kanye nokusikwa komoya okuzungezile. Ukulahla ukusikeka (60 W ngamahora angama-4-5 ngosuku) kushesha inqubo yokubamba kwezimpawu. Ama-Rhododendrons anqabayo amila ngezinyanga eziyi-1.5, ama-evergreens ezinyangeni ezingama-3-4,5. Imiphumela ye-rooting incike ezinhlotsheni nasezinhlotsheni. Kwi-Rhododendron, izimpande zikaDaurian zakha ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-50. Izinga le-midzi yi-85%. Izinhlobo ezisikiwe ezakhiwe zenziwa ezitsheni ezigcwaliswe ngengxube ye-acid peat (izingxenye ezi-2) nezinaliti zikaphayini (noma ukubumbeka kukaphayini) - 1 ingxenye. Ukugqoka okuphezulu emasontweni ama-2 ngemuva kokufakelwa ezitsheni nge-2% urea. Faka izitshalo kumazinga okushisa ayi-8 - 12 ° C. Entwasahlobo batshalwa emibhedeni yokukhula noma baqhubeke nokugcinwa ezitsheni eminye iminyaka engu-1-2 kuze kube yilapho betshala endaweni engapheli engadini.

I-Rhododendron © di ukuzingela

Ukuhlobisa

Ama-Rhododendrons amahle kakhulu abukeka njengamaqembu ahlelwe ngokukhululeka. I-Landing ifiseleka ukuvusa ngasemaphethelweni wotshani, eduze kwezindlela nezindlela. Njengoba i-Rhododendrons izitshalo ezithanda umswakama, kungcono ukuzitshala eduze kwemizimba yamanzi: amachibi, amachibi, imithombo, lapho ehlobo ngenxa yokwanda komswakama nomoya okushisa ngokulinganayo izimo zithandwa kakhulu. Okungenani kufanele kube nezitshalo okungenani ezi-3, kuthi okungenani i-1 sq.m inikezwe isabelo ngasinye. Uma kungenazo izinhlobonhlobo zabantu abadala, ungasebenzisa amapulangwe aminyene wabasha ngethemba lokuthi zizothela lapho zikhula.

Lapho udala amaqembu, akunconywa ukuthi uhlanganise ama-rhododendrons aqinile futhi ahlala eqinile. Uma izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zitshalwe eduzane, lapho-ke zidinga ukukhethwa ngobude: enkabeni - ephakeme kunazo zonke, emaphethelweni - phansi. I-Rhododendrons ihlobisa kakhulu eduze kwamaConifers: isiporingi, uphayini, thuja, umuthi wew. Ngokuphikisana nesizinda sobumnyama obumnyama, izitshalo ezinemibala ebonakalayo zihlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile. Izihlahla ezihlala ziluhlaza nezihlahla ezitshaliwe ezivela eningizimu, empumalanga noma entshonalanga zivikela ama-Rhododendrons emimoyeni ebandayo, ukomisa ubusika kanye nokushisa kwelanga kwentwasahlobo. Njengoba i-penumbra ekhanyayo ifaneleka ukukhula okujwayelekile nokukhula kwama-Rhododendrons, angatshalwa ngempumelelo phakathi kwezihlahla ezinkulu, ezindala noma ohlangothini olusenyakatho lwezakhiwo. Insimu eseceleni oluseningizimu ayinconywa ukuthi itshalwe, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo zezitshalo ezihlala ziluhlaza. Kulokhu, izitshalo zitholakala kalula ezifweni, amaqabunga azo aphenduka aphuzi, ukukhula nokukhula kwezimbali kuya buthaka.

Lapho ubeka ama-rhododendrons ngamaqembu, kufanele uqinisekise ngokuqinile ukuthi akhiwa ngezinhlobo nezinhlobo ezihambelana ngombala wezimbali. Umakhelwane ohlobisa kakhulu izitshalo ezinombala onsomi, opinki kanye nomhlophe noma ngemibala ehlukahlukene ehlukile. I-Rhododendrons enemibala ephuzi norenji yezimbali ibukeka kahle ngokumangazayo ezitebisini. Amathoni aphuzi athambile kahle akhanya ngokukhanya.

AmaRhododendrons muhle hhayi ngamaqembu kuphela, kodwa nakwezokutshala kwe-tapeworm.Zinhle ikakhulukazi ngotshani basemhlabathini, kodwa kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi umphumela wokuhlobisa uphezulu lapho usebenzisa umuntu omdala (ongekho ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-10), mhlawumbe isitshalo eside (1.5-2.0 m), uma kungenjalo “siyolahleka” otshanini. I-Rhododendrons nayo isetshenziselwa ukudala uthango nama-slide amatshe. Ezingadini zama-rock, izinhlobo ezincane ezikhula kancane ezihambisana nezinhlobo ze-alpine zezitshalo ze-herbaceous zifaneleka kakhulu. Ekutshaleni okunjalo, ama-rhododendrons kufanele atshalwe kuphela ngamaqembu, okuthi ngesikhathi sezimbali anikeze umphumela omkhulu.

Izifo Nezinambuzane

I-Rhododendron bug - Enye yezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu ze-Rhododendron. Izinambuzane ubude 3.6 mm. Kushiya amabala amancane ancibilikile emaqabungeni. Ehlangothini olungaphansi, bug ibekela amaqanda ansundu ngalobusika emaqabungeni eqabunga. Kuvela isizukulwane esisha ehlobo.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukufafaza nge diazinon.

I-Mealybug - inkathazo encane ephansi engu-2-4 mm ngosayizi. Abesilisa nabesifazane bahluke kakhulu komunye nomunye. Izinsikazi azinamaphiko futhi azihambi. Abesilisa banamaphiko amabili, eselula. Lesi sinambuzane sinikeza izizukulwane ezi-2-5 ngonyaka. Ihlala emithanjeni yamaqabunga, amaqabunga amadala kanye namahlumela amasha we-Rhododendron, igibela imifantu yamagxolo nemiqumbe, incela ujusi wamaselula. Ngokuzala kabusha okukhulu, kubangela ukuqothuka kwamaqabunga nokufa kwezitshalo.

Izindlela zokulawula: fafaza i-malathion izikhathi ezi-3-4 ngonyaka.

Ukhiphe i-weevil, noma i-bevel ekhubazekile - Ibhungane labadala, elingama-8-10 cm ubude, limnyama (abantu abancane baphuzi-nsundu), abanamabala aphuzi emaphikweni aminyene esikhumba futhi ekhaleni iDemo. Abantu abadala abasebenzi, kepha bayandiza. Badla ngasemaphethelweni amaqabunga, kwesinye isikhathi badla ama-buds, ama-buds nezimbali, ukuququda kwamagxolo. I-larvae 1-1.4 cm ubude, ngaphandle kwemilenze, ngokubukeka kufana nezibungu zebhungane likaMeyi. Badla amagxolo asentanjeni yezimpande nezimpande uqobo, okuholela ekutheni isitshalo ekufeni. I-Weevil ibeka amaqanda kulo lonke ihlobo. Izibungu zihlala nobusika emhlabathini, futhi ifomu le-pupae entwasahlobo. Kuvela amabhungane ngoMeyi-Juni.

Izindlela zokulawula: izitshalo ziniselwa nge-0,0-0.3% emulsion ye-malathion. Ebusuku, phakathi nesikhathi somsebenzi wabantu abadala, bavele bahlunge impova nge-0,3% malathion emulsion. NgoJuni-Agasti, isixazululo se-0.1-0.15% se-bazudine sifafazwa ukuthambisa inhlabathi noma ungqimba we-mulch. Imiphumela emihle inikezwa ngokufafaza nge-diazinon ne-furadan.

Isikhala sesicabucabu - inambuzane efinyelela ku-0.5 mm ubude, obomvu, ophuzi noma obomvu oluhlaza okotshani. Abadala abanemilenze engu-8, basebenza kakhulu. Kubonakala engxenyeni engaphansi kweshidi, isimboza ngewebhu elincanyana seluliwe kuzo zonke izinkomba. Idla ujusi wamaqabunga, oba nsundu-mpunga bese uwa.

Izindlela zokulawula: sishaye nge-agravertine, diazinon.

Ingadi yaseKhrushchik asian - polyphage ebanzi. Izilimo ezilimaza kakhulu izitshalo, zidla izimbobo zesimo esingajwayelekile emaqabungeni amancane, zivame ukuthinta iqabunga lonke, zishiya kuphela imithambo yazo. Izibungu zilimaza izimpande neziqu zeRhododendron.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukufafaza nge diazinon.

Isilima silime -Ilimaza amaqabunga amaningi ezitshalo ezincane, iququde ukuvuleka. Idla ikakhulu ebusuku noma ngezinsuku ezinamafu. Kuyingozi ngoba ngesikhashana nje kungabhubhisa izitshalo ezincane.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukuchelela ngesisombululo se-0.8% se-TMTD, ukuqoqa abantu abadala.

Ukujija okumnyama - Ngokuvamile inkathazo ebamba ukushisa, kepha isanda kutholakala emhlabathini ovulekile. Abantu abadala bancane (1-1,5 mm), bansundu. Izibungu ziphuzi, zincanyana kunezinambuzane zabantu abadala. Izinambuzane zidla ngamaqabunga, okuholela kwizimbobo ezimpunga ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwephepha, nezimbobo ezimnyama ohlangothini olungezansi. Amacembe aphenduka isiliva grey, aphenduke aphuzi bese ewa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-thrips abangela ukungalungi kwezimbali nokukhiqiza okuqinile ekukhuleni kwamahlumela.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukufafaza ngesisombululo se-nicotine esingu-0-0-0.3% noma emulsion eyi-0,2%.

Umvukuzi onamaphiko amancane. Amacimbi amasha anqamula emaceleni afana nomhubhe, adle i-parenchyma yamaqabunga, agcine indawo yawo, asonta imiphetho yeshidi abe yimbhobho yokuqunjelwa. Kushiya amahlamvu omile, aqhekeke futhi awele.

Izindlela zokulawula: izitshalo ziyafafazwa noma zithanjiswa ngesibabule.

I-chlorosis exubekile. Amabala aphuzi avela emaphethelweni nasemaphethelweni amaqabunga. Zingavela ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezakhi (i-nitrogen, potassium), ezigezwa kalula ngaphandle kwenhlabathi ngesikhathi sokunisela. Esinye isizathu kungaba ukuqina kwamanzi ezimpandeni. Ngokuvamile, i-chlorosis ibonakala igqamile engxenyeni yesibili kaJulayi noma ngo-Agasti, lapho amaqabunga efinyelela osayizi abajwayelekile. Amabala akhanyayo aphuzi futhi aphuzi ngokuqinile phakathi kwemithambo yeqabunga kwenzeka lapho kunokushoda kwensimbi noma i-magnesium enhlabathini, futhi lapho uhlelo lwempande luhlanganisiwe, noma uma ukusabela kwenhlabathi kudluliselwe ohlangothini lwe-alkaline. Kwesinye isikhathi kubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-calcium (kuCaroline rhododendron).

Izindlela zokulawula: Ukugqoka okungaphezulu kwe-foliar top ne-ferrous sulfate (7.5 g / l), magnesium sulfate (6.5 g / l).

Umphumela wokuntuleka kwezakhi zomzimba emhlabathini amabala abomvu emithanjeni, ukudidiyelwa kwamaqabunga esikhungwini, kumiswa ngaphandle kwamagatsha. Ngokudalwa kwendlala kwe-nitrogen, amaqabunga e-Rhododendron aya ngokuya mancane, ukukhula kungaphansi, ukuqhakaza kuthambile, ezitshalweni ezihlala zihlala, amaqabunga amahlumela agcina iminyaka emi-2 kuphela, hhayi engu-3-5, njengasemvelweni noma ngokunakekelwa okujwayelekile kwezitshalo kusiko.

Izindlela zokulawula: ukugqoka okuphezulu nge-ammonium sulfate noma i-nitrate, noma i-potrateum nitrate.

INecrosis - Ukufa komthambo omkhulu weqabunga, lapho uhlangothi olungaphezulu lweqabunga luphenduka lube nsundu. Kungadala ukwehla okukhulu komoya ekushiseni komoya nenhlabathi (ikakhulukazi ezinhlotsheni ezinobusika obunzima be-Rhododendron).

Isimo sezitshalo singathintwa yimimoya enamandla, isomiso, okuqukethwe kukasawoti omningi enhlabathini, ukungasebenzi kahle komhlaba wesakhiwo, ukulimala kwemishini ezimpandeni, ukushoda noma, kunalokho, izakhi zomzimba ezedlulele enhlabathini. Esimweni ngasinye, kuyadingeka ukubona imbangela futhi uyiqede.