I-Saintpaulia (I-Saintpaulia) - uhlobo lwezitshalo eziqhakazayo zomndeni wakwaGesneriaceae (Gesneriaceae) Enye yezimbali ezithandwa kakhulu zasendlini. Kunezinombolo eziningi zezinhlobonhlobo ze-Saintpoly, noma, njengoba zibizwa, "Uzambara violets." Ungakhetha cishe noma iyiphi inhlobo ngosayizi ofanele nombala. Izitshalo ezikhanyayo ezibunjiwe ezingakwazi ukuqhakaza cishe unyaka wonke. Ake sibheke kabanzi ukuthi hlobo luni lwezimbali zasendlini, nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani.
Ungadideki uSantapaulia (I-Saintpaulia) nge-violet (UViola) Lezi yizinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene zemindeni ehluke kakhulu. ISaintpaulia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Uzambara violet, ingemndeni wakwaGesneriaceae futhi isitshalo esishisayo. Ngenkathi uViolet, asaziwa ngaphansi kwegama elijwayelekile "amaPansies", ungowomndeni uViolet futhi ukhule njengesitshalo sengadi.
I-Saintpaulia, noma i-Uzambara violet
Umlando wokutholwa kanye nokusakazwa kweSpapaulia
Ukuvulwa kwe-Uzambara kwavulwa ngonyaka we-1892 nguBaron Walter von Saint-Paul (1860-1940), umkhuzi wesifunda sase-Uzambara - ikoloni laseJalimane elisendaweni yaseTanzania yanamuhla, iBurundi neRwanda. UWalter Saint-Paul wabhekisisa lesi sitshalo ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Wathumela imbewu eqoqwe kuyise - umongameli weJalimane Dendrological Society, wabe eseyidlulisela kuGerman Wendland (1825-1903) kwi-botanist. UWendland wakhula isitshalo esivela embewini futhi ngonyaka we-1893 wasichaza njenge I-Saintpaulia ionanta (I-Saintpaulia violet-flowered), yahlukanisa le nhlobo kuhlobo oluhlukile, ayiqamba ngegama likababa nendodana kaSanta-Paul.
Ngokokuqala ngqa, i-senpolia yamelelwa embukisweni wezimbali wamazwe omhlaba eGhent ngo-1893. Ngo-1927, i-senpolia yafika e-United States, lapho yaqala ukuthandwa khona njengezitshalo zasendlini. Ngo-1949, izinhlobo eziyikhulu zase sezivele zabuna. Namuhla, inani lezinhlobonhlobo lidlula izinkulungwane ezingama-32, okukhona kuzo ezingaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezimbili.
Incazelo ye-Saintpaulia
ISenpolia ku-floriculture engaphakathi yathandana nosayizi wayo omncane nokuqhakaza okude (kufika ezinyangeni eziyi-10 ngonyaka). Indawo yokuqhakaza izimbali, imvamisa, iyisitshalo esinotshani esiphansi esinamahlamvu anamahlamvu, ayindilinga ambozwe nge-villi. Amaqabunga anombala oluhlaza okotshani noma onsundu atholakala ezihlahleni ezifushaniswe zenza irosette eyisisekelo.
Izimbali - ezinamaphara amahlanu, aqoqwe ngebhulashi. Umbala nokwakheka kuncike ezinhlobonhlobo. ISaintpaulia futhi inendebe enamathuna amahlanu. Izithelo ziyibhokisi elincane elinembewu emincane eminingana enegciwane eliqondile.
Ububanzi bemvelo be-senpolia bunqunyelwe ezindaweni zezintaba zaseTanzania naseKenya, kuyilapho izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane zitholakala kuphela eTanzania, ezintabeni ze-Ulugur nase-Uzambara (igama elithi "izintaba zase Usambara" livame ukusetshenziswa kumamephu wesimanje). ISenpolias imvamisa ikhula eduze neziphethu zamanzi, imifula, ezimweni zothuli lwamanzi nenkungu.
Yini okufanele uyibheke lapho uthenga i-senpolia?
Okokuqala, uma uthenga i-Uzambara violet, kufanele unake amaqabunga. Uma uthola noma yiziphi izindawo ezisolisayo noma iphuzu lokukhula eliqine kakhulu kuzo, khona-ke, ngokuqinisekile, lesi sitshalo sithintwa uhlobo oluthile lwesifo. Noma uchwepheshe kuzoba nzima ukukhulisa futhi ashiye imbali enjalo, kodwa kwabaqalayo cishe akunakwenzeka. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukukhetha isitshalo esinamaqabunga aluhlaza aqhakazile, ngaphandle kwezimpawu zokulimala kwezinambuzane.
Lapho ukhetha ingane, kubalulekile ukuthi amaqabunga angakhuphuki kakhulu - lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi isitshalo sesihlaselwe ukuntuleka kokukhanya.
Ukusabalalisa i-senpolia, kungcono ukuthatha isiqu seqabunga emgqeni wesibili ophansi. Amaqabunga aphansi anikezwa nezingane, kepha, njengomthetho, ancipha kakhulu ngenxa yobudala bawo obuhlonishwayo, ngakho-ke inzalo ngokuqinisekile izoba buthakathaka.
Futhi qiniseka ukuthi ubuza umthengisi ukuthi akhombise ukuhlangana okuhlukahlukene kwesitshalo, ukuze ungahlupheki ngokukhonjwa kwezinhlobonhlobo ze-senpolia. Abanye abaqoqi ababhalwe ileveli bakhombisa usuku lokutshalwe kwengane.
Kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa amabhokisi, iziqukathi zepulasitiki noma ezinye iziqukathi ezingeke zivumele ukusikwa ukuthi kwephule lapho kuthuthwa izithuthi zomphakathi zokuhambisa ukusikwa kweshidi le-SaintPoly. Uma isitsha esinjalo singekho, khona-ke cela umthengisi ukuthi afake isikhwama sepulasitiki asibambe siqine, lapho-ke isibambo singalimali khona ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Uma, noma kunjalo, amaqabunga ephukile, khona-ke kufanele asuswe endaweni yokuphuma.
I-Saintpaulia, noma i-Uzambara violet
Lapho ukhetha amabhodwe e-Uzambara violet, ubukhulu bawo bubalulekile, okungukuthi ububanzi. Kufanele kube ngu-5-6 cm ezinganeni nasezitolo ezisencane, kuzitolo zabantu abadala kungabi ngaphezu kuka-12 cm. Ngokufanelekile, ububanzi bebhodwe ekukhutshweni kwabantu abadala kufanele bube buncane izikhathi ezintathu kunobubanzi bokuphuma uqobo.
Zombili izimbiza zepulasitiki nezinobumba zilungele i-senpolia. Njengamanje, abaqoqi bakhetha ukukhulisa i-Uzambara violets ezimbizeni zepulasitiki, ngoba ashibhile futhi alula kakhulu.
Izimo ezikhulayo nokunakekela iSpapaulia
Ukutshala kwe-Uzambara violets (senpolia) kudinga umzamo othile. Uma ufuna i-senpolia iqhume kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho elandelayo.
Imodi yokushisa kufanele kube bushelelezi, kungashisi kakhulu ehlobo futhi kungabandi kakhulu ebusika. Ukushisa kwe-Optimum + 18 ... + 24 ° C. Ama-warts we-Uzambar awathandi ukuguquguquka okubukhali ekushiseni nasekubhaliwe.
Uzambara violet ukhetha ukukhanya okukhanyayokepha ayithandi ukukhanya kwelanga okuqondile, ngakho-ke, uma isitshalo sime efasiteleni elangeni, kufanele sibilishwe, bese ebusika kunesifiso sokukhanyisa okwengeziwe ngamalambu we-fluorescent ukuze ukukhanya kwemini kwama-violets kube amahora ayi-13-16. Kulokhu, i-senpolia izoqhakaza ebusika.
Ukunisela abadala kudinga umfaniswano. Ungqimba lomhlabathi kufanele lube lomswakama njalo, kepha futhi akunakwenzeka ukugcwalisa isitshalo. Amanzi ngokucophelela ngaphansi kwempande. Amanzi amaningi aphuma epanini kufanele akhishwe. Amanzi okunisela akufanele abande futhi mhlawumbe athambile, kunoma yikuphi, kufanele avikelwe. I-Uzambara violet, ishiya ikakhulukazi, ayikubekezeleli ukufafazwa. Uma amaconsi amanzi ewela emaqabunga, angabola. Ukuqinisekisa umswakama owanele womoya, kuhle ukubeka amabhodwe ane-senpolia phezu kwodoti wamanzi, kodwa ukuze ibhodwe lamanzi lingathinti noma libeke imvuthuluka emanzi ku-tray. Ungafaka amabhodwe ku-peat emanzi.
Inhlabathi ye-uzambar violets kumele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezikhethekile. Kufanele ikhulule, idlule umoya kahle futhi imunce amanzi kalula. Ungathenga ingxube yobumba eyenziwe ngomumo eyenziwe nge-senpolia, noma ungayenza ngokwakho kusuka kweshidi ne-turf land, humus, isihlabathi, namalahle, isidlo sethambo ngokufakwa kwe-superphosphate. Izilinganiso zingokulandelayo: 2; 0.5; 1; 1. Faka izinkomishi ezi-0,5 zokudla kwamathambo ne-1 isipuni se-superphosphate ebhakedeni lenhlanganisela yobumba elungiselelwe.
Ngemininingwane mayelana nokondla i-Saintpaulias
Ezweni le-senpolia likhula ezinhlabathini ezinothile, ngakho-ke, lapho benza izingxube zomhlaba, ama-amateurs azama ukungabaniki izakhi zomzimba eziningi. Kepha njengoba uhlelo lwezimpande zesitshalo lukuvolumu encane yesakhiwana esingaphansi komhlaba, khona-ke ngokuhamba kwesikhathi umhlaba ezimbizeni uyaphela kancane kancane. Ngakho-ke, kufanele ukondle izitshalo ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa-ke, ngokushesha ngemuva kokufakelwa, umuntu akufanele ondle - izinyanga ezimbili kuzoba nokudla okwanele kwe-senpolia.
Lapho usuthisa izitshalo, umuntu akufanele akhohlwe ukuthi ukweqisa izakhi zomzimba kungadala imiphumela ehlukahlukene engathandeki. Isibonelo, ukweqile kwe-nitrogen kuholela ekukhuleni ngokushesha kwamaqabunga kulimaze izimbali. Izitshalo "ezidluziwe" zihlala zingazinzile ezifweni nasezinambuzaneni. Ngokudlulela okuphakeme kwe-phosphorus, iminyaka ye-senpolia ishesha, ukuqunjelwa kuyawa, amaqabunga amancanyana awonakalisiwe. Uma kune-potassium eningi, izitshalo ziyeka ukukhula, amaqabunga aphenduka aphuzi.
Ukuqoqwa kwekhambi lezakhi zokugqoka eziphezulu kuya ngezici eziningi, ikakhulukazi ngosayizi webhodwe, ukwakheka kwengxube yobumba. Ekugcineni, cabanga ukuthi i-senpolia isho izitshalo ezingakwazi ukubekezelela okuqukethwe usawoti okuphezulu. Izisombululo ezigxile kakhulu (ngaphezu kwe-1.5-2 g kasawoti nge-1 litre yamanzi) ziyingozi ezitshalweni.
I-Saintpaulia, noma i-Uzambara violet
Uma usayizi omncane webhodwe nenani lomhlaba okulo, ubuncane bezinga likasawoti kufanele (kepha udinga ukondla kaningi). Izitshalo enhlabathini evulekile zingondliwa kaningi kunalezo ezisindayo - okokuqala, umanyolo uyahlanzwa masinyane.
Lapho unisela i-Saintpaulia ngesisombululo esigxile kakhulu, izimpande ziyonakaliswa ezitshalweni, amaqabunga athambile. Uma izinyathelo eziphuthumayo zingathathwanga, isitshalo singafa. Kulokhu, kuyadingeka ukuthi uchithe inhlama yobumba ngamanzi afudumele (0.5-1 l.) Ngezingxenye ezincane. Ngemuva kwalokho imbiza ibekwa endaweni enomthunzi.
Iqoqo elifanele lomanyolo we-senpolia lingabhekwa njenge-1 g yamakha amaminerali kasawoti, ehlanjululwe 1 litre. amanzi. Ukugqoka ngakunye okuphezulu okulandelayo kuleli cala kwenziwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-15-20. Ukondla ngezixazululo ezibuthakathaka kuyasebenza futhi (1 g nge-3 amalitha amanzi). Izisombululo ezinjalo zingathelwa kaningi - emva kwezinsuku ezingama-5-6. Ukugqoka okuphezulu okungaphezulu njalo ngokunisela nakho kuyaphawuleka - kulokhu, 1 g womanyolo uqedwa kumalitha angama-6-8. amanzi.
ISenpolia kufanele bondliwe kuphela ngesikhathi esihle sonyaka sokukhula kwabo. Ngakho-ke, emgqeni ophakathi nendawo kungakuhle ukuthi ufake umanyolo kusuka ngoMashi kuya kuSepthemba.
Ukufakelwa okungcwele
Kukuliphi imbiza futhi nini ukufakelwa i-senpolia?
Adpen senpolia njalo ngonyaka, kungakuhle ukuthi udlulisele engxube yobumba entsha. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uhlelo lwabo lwezimpande lutholakala ezweni elincane, okuthi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lilahlekelwe yisakhiwo salo kanye nokudla okunempilo. Ngokuvamile kutshalwe kabusha entwasahlobo, kepha uma zikhula ngokukhanya okufakwayo, lokhu kungenziwa nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka.
Iphutha elivame kakhulu kusiko le-senpolia ukusetshenziswa kwamabhodwe ngokweqile. Khumbula ukuthi amabhodwe ahluke ngamanani ahambelana nobubanzi bembiza engxenyeni ephezulu. Izitshalo ezincane (nos. 5 noma 6) zanele izitshalo ezincane ezisanda kuhlukaniswa iqabunga lomama. Kamuva, lapho izitshalo zikhula, zingadluliselwa ezitsheni uNo 7 noma u-8. Ubukhulu bembiza enkulu kakhulu yezinhlobo zabantu abadala obukhulu nguNombolo 9 noma u-11. Izitsha ezinkulu kakhulu zingavusa ukubola kwezimpande.
Ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa, amabhodwe amasha wobumba kufanele afakwe emanzini ashisayo imizuzu engama-30 kuya kwengama-40, bese evunyelwa ukuthi apholile futhi omile. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, khona-ke ngemuva kokutshala izindonga zamabhodwe kuzokha amanzi amaningi kuze kulimaze isitshalo. Kwesinye isikhathi kufanele usebenzise iziqukathi ezinemiphetho yazo ezihlanganiswe ngokuthinta usawoti. Ngakho-ke, kufanele zihlanzwe kahle ngendwangu yokugeza kanzima emanzini ashisayo, futhi i-plaque kufanele isuswe ngebhulashi noma ngommese ovuthayo.
Ukudonswa kwamanzi ngokufanele
Lapho udlulisa i-senpolia, okokuqala, ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe ukukhipha amanzi. Isendlalelo sokudonsa, esithululelwa ngaphezulu komjondolo osimboze umgodi ongaphansi, sisebenzela ukukhipha amanzi amaningi kusuka ezingxenyeni eziphansi zomhlaba. Ikhuthaza ukufinyelela okungeziwe komoya ezimpandeni, kuvimbela ukuhlangana kwengxenye yangaphansi ye-coma yobumba, futhi kubaluleke kakhulu lapho ukutshala ezitsheni zepulasitiki.
Imvamisa, ukudonswa kwamanzi kuthatha i-1/5 yevoti lembiza. Isimo sengxube yobumba, i-acidity yayo, incike kakhulu kwikhwalithi yayo. Njengengqimba yokudonsa, kungcono ukusebenzisa ama-shards achotshoziwe kusuka ezimbizeni zobumba, awaguquli i-acid ye-substrate. Isanti elihlanzwe kahle elingahlanzwa lingasetshenziswa (izingxenyana ze-1-2,5 mm). Imiganu emincane yobumba olwandisiwe, impahla ekhanyayo en brown, nayo kufanelekile; Ukudonswa kobumba okwandisiwe kudinga ukushintshwa minyaka yonke, ngoba ngokuqhubeka kwesikhathi, kuhlanganiswa ubuthi ku-senpolia buthelela kuwo.
Kwezinto zokwenziwa, imvuthuluka ye-polystyrene (resin yokufakelwa) ne-polystyrene ijwayele ukusetshenziswa. Lesi sakamuva sichotshozwa ngesandla yizimvuthuluka (5-12 mm). I-polyethylene ye-granular inzima kakhulu ukuyifinyelela - into engenamakhemikhali engenzi izinto zokwenziwa eziqinile (usayizi wegreyimitha 3-5 mm).
I-Saintpaulia, noma i-Uzambara violet
Izinto zokwakha: imvuthuluka yegxolo likaphayini, amantongomane, ukhokho, izingqimba zikaphayini oqoshiwe, njll. - kungenzeka ukusebenzisa amanzi, uma nje, njengomthetho, ziqinisa inhlabathi futhi azihlali zinikeza umphumela omuhle. Ngokudonswa okunjalo, kungcono ukwengeza izingcezu ezincane zamalahle kwivolumu. Itshe le-gravel ne-granite ochotshoziwe livame ukuqukatha izinhlayiya ezenza i-substrate, ngakho-ke zingasetshenziswa emhlabathini wenhlabathi. Isigaxa sezitini siqinisa kakhulu inhlabathi, ngakho-ke ayinconywa.
Lapho utshala i-Saintpaulia emabhodweni amancane (amasentimitha angama-5-7), kwanele ukuvala umgodi wokukhipha nge-shard yobumba. Ukuphela kwevolumu kuhlalwa yingxube yobumba. Ezitsheni ezikhulu (8-11 cm), kuthelwa ungqimba lwamanzi (1.5-2 cm) ngaphezulu komjondolo (obekwe nge-concave side up), kubekwa izingcezu eziningana zamalahle cishe ngo-0.5 cm ngosayizi (amalahle e-adsorbs amagesi ayingozi) .
Ukufika kweSenpolia
Okubaluleke kakhulu ukujulwa kokutshala kweSpapaulia. Ngokujula okuyilo, ama-petioles amaqabunga aphansi kufanele abe ngaphezu komphezulu womhlaba noma awuthinte kancane. Uma isitshalo esitshaliwe singazinzile, ungafakwa ungqimba olwengeziwe lwe-sphagnum moss elingange-1 cm ngaphezu komhlaba.Ngasikhathi sinye, singamboza kancane ama-petioles amaqabunga aphansi. Izitshalo eziphakeme kakhulu zivame ukungazinzi, okwehlisa ukukhula kwazo nokukhula kwazo.
Lapho inisela izitshalo ezitshalwe kakhulu, izinhlayiya zenhlabathi ziwela maphakathi nendawo okuphuma kuyo, zingcolise. Amapheshana amancane endaweni yokukhula anciphile, ukukhula kwawo kuncipha. Imvamisa ekujuleni kwe-senpolia, amagundane wokukhula athi, “ukugqwala” avela kumapheshana amaphakathi asenkabeni, amaqabunga ayaphela, isiqu sezimbali - isitshalo siyafa.
Ukusakazwa kwe-senpolia
Ukukhiqizwa kwe-Uzambara violet kusuka ukusikwa kwamaqabunga
Indlela ejwayelekile yokusakazeka kwe-Saintpaulia ukusikwa kwamaqabunga. Ukuze wenze lokhu, udinga iqabunga eliphilile nelivuthiwe (noma ngabe isitshalo sikamama siqhakaza akunandaba). I-Petiole kufanele ibe ngu-3-4 cm ubude, ngokusikwa kwe-oblique. I-cutlery kungcono ukuyifaka emanzini kuze kube ukwakhiwa kwezimpande. Uma isiqu sesitshalwe ngokushesha emhlabathini, khona-ke, okokuqala, umhlabathi kufanele ukhululwe, ungahlanganiswa, futhi okwesibili, isiqu sibekwa enhlabathini ukuze sijule ngo-1.5 - 2 cm, hhayi ngaphezulu. Imbiza ephethe isibambo ithululelwa ngamanzi afudumele futhi imbozwe ngesikhwama sepulasitiki ukuze kulondolozwe umswakama, izinga lokushisa akufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-20-21 ° C. Ukwakhiwa kwezimpande kanye nokukhula kwezingane kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-1-2.
Wonke umuntu angazikhethela indlela elula kakhulu, engabizi futhi ethembekile yokusika izingqimba ze-Saintpaulia. Uma le ndlela ingakhethwanga kahle, kwesinye isikhathi abasanda kufika bayadumala lapho isiqu ngokushesha siqala futhi sife.
Ngezimo zasekhaya, indlela ebiza kunazo zonke ukususa izithombo emanzini abilisiwe. Emadolobheni lapho ungathenga khona ama-substrate element, abathandi abaningi be-Uzambara violets izimpande ezisikiwe ku-agroperlite (ingxenyana enkulu) noma i-vermiculite. Ukubamba imbumbulu ku-sphagnum moss oqoshiwe kunikeza imiphumela emihle.
Baningi kakhulu abathandi bezimpande ezisikiwe ezingxenyeni ze-peat-humus, lapho ubungozi bokubuna kwamahlamvu buncishiswa.
Umthetho ojwayelekile kunazo zonke lezi zindlela ukungashiyi isiqu eside. Izingane zizovela ngokushesha futhi zikhulu uma ubude be-petiole bungadluli amasentimitha ayi-4. Ukusika kumele kwenziwe ngeraba ebukhali noma nge-scalpel.
Kubalulekile lapho ukusikwa kwe-mizizi ye-Santapaulia ukunikeza umswakama okhulayo womoya kanye nokushisa + 20 ... 24 ° C. Kunconywa ukubeka ukusikwa okugxilile endaweni ebamba ukushisa noma esikhwameni sepulasitiki.
Kuvela izingane, ngokwesilinganiso, ngemuva kwamasonto angama-4-6. Lapho ziba namandla futhi zikhula, zizodinga ukuhlukaniswa ngokucophelela ngeqabunga, ukuzama ukunciphisa ukulimala ezimpandeni zengane. Ngemuva kwalokho kufanele ubeke ingane ebhodweni elihlukile. Ububanzi bebhodwe lengane akufanele bube ngaphezu kwama-6 cm. Ishidi (uma liqinile) lingabekwa ekubambeni ngokweqile.
Lapho utshala ingane, kubalulekile ukubeka amanzi ngaphansi kwembiza (i-moss-sphagnum, izingcezu zegobolondo le-polystyrene noma ubumba olunwetshiwe olunwetshiwe). Inhlabathi yezingane kufanele ivele iqonde futhi inomsoco, kungu-1/5 ingxenye ye-vermiculite nengxenye engu-1/5 ye-perlite ingezwe kwi-substrate. Uma kukhona i-sphagnum moss, khona-ke kufanele futhi kufakwe kwi-substrate, ngaphambili eyayinqunywe ngesikhafu, ngesilinganiso se-1/5 yevolumu ephelele yengxube.
Izingane ezitshaliwe zaseSaintpaulia zidinga ukufakwa kwigreenhouse eluhlaza okotshani ukuze izingane zizijwayeze lapho emavikini angama-2-3. Beka i-greenhouse nezingane kufasitela elikhanyayo (mhlawumbe hhayi eningizimu, lapho udinga khona umthunzi ama-Uzambara violets ukuze kungabikho okushayo emaqabungeni). Ebusika, qiniseka ukuthi ungashayi usuka efasiteleni, ngoba i-senpolia iyazwela kakhulu ku-hypothermia yohlelo lwezimpande. Izingane ezivuthiwe zingajwayela kancane kancane izimo zamakamelo, zikhipha umoya ohlaza okotshani nezingane imizuzu engu-15, bese kuba imizuzu engama-30.
Ukuzala Saintpaulia
Ukusatshalaliswa kweSpapaulia ngamakhosi
Ekusakazeni i-uzambar violet, hhayi ukusikwa kwamahlamvu kuphela, kodwa futhi nama-stepons angasetshenziswa. Ukuze uthole impumelelo umzali wokutholwa kwezindebe kufanele ube namaqabunga ama-3-4. Ukwehlukanisa indodana yokutholwa esitolo, udinga ukuba ne-awl noma i-scalpel ebukhali. Lapho ususa indodana yokutholwa, kufanele ungazami ukulimaza ukusikwa kwamaqabunga kwendawo ephumayo.
Ukusiphula indodana yokutholwa yase-Saintpaulia, ungasebenzisa ithebhulethi yokulondolozwa kwe-peat noma imbiza ene-substrate. Ukuze ukwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezisebenza kahle kanye nasekwenzeni ukhula lwenqubo yokuqala, indodana yokutholwa etshaliwe kufanele igcinwe endaweni ebamba ukushisa emavikini angama-3-4
Izifo ze-Saintpoly
Izifo ezithathelwanayo
Ama-causative agents wezifo ezithathelwanayo zezitshalo angaba ngamagciwane, isikhunta, amagciwane, anomthelela ekusakazweni kwawo ngokushesha okukhulu.
Ukubola okumpunga
Isifo fungal esithathelwanayo, esaziwa ngokuthi i-grey bola, sibangelwa ukhunta lwe-Fusarium. Izimbali nezimbali zimbozwe ngubumba obumpunga, izindawo ezithintekayo ziyafa. Imvamisa, ukhunta uthelela lesi sitshalo, uwela izimbali ezigulisiwe ezigulayo namaqabunga alimile. Lesi sifo sikhula kakhulu emazingeni okushisa aphansi komoya (ngaphansi kuka-16 ° C), ukuthambisa okuningana, ngaphansi kwezimo zomswakama omningi, Umanyolo we-nitrogen ngokweqile, nokusakazeka komoya omubi.
Ukuvikela ukubola okungatheleleki, imibuso yokunisela, izinga lokushisa, umswakama kufanele ibhekwe ngokuqinile. Uma kutholakala isikhunta, izingxenye ezithintekile ziyasuswa, lesi sitshalo siphathwa ngesisombululo se-sodium phosphate (1 g nge-litre elilodwa lamanzi) noma ezinye izinhlobo zokukhunta (i-benlat, njll.).
I-Powdery hlobo
I-Powdery mildew - isifo sokukhunta, izibonakalisa ngesimo sendwangu emhlophe ezimbali, izimbotshana kanye namaqabunga e-senpolia. Kubukeka sengathi kufafazwe ngefulawa.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-powdery mildew kusizwa uthuli nokungcola ezitshalweni, kumawindows nasemafelofini lapho atholakala khona. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzigcina uhlanzekile. Izimbiza namaphayileji kufanele kugezwe ngezikhathi ezithile ngamanzi afudumele.
Ukuvela kwalesi sifo kubuye kube nomthelela wokukhanya okunganele (ngemuva kwekamelo), amahora amafushane okukhanya kwelanga (amahora angama-7-8 ngosuku), noma umswakama ophakeme ngamazinga okushisa aphansi (14-16 ° C).
Lesi sifo sidalulwa kakhulu uma ingxube yobumba iqukethe i-nitrogen eningi, kepha ayanele i-potassium ne-phosphorus.
I-nitrogen ethe xaxa ingxube yobumba inganqunywa ngokubonakala kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi, ngesimo samaqabunga amancane lapho kukhula khona. Ngokukhula okujwayelekile kwe-senpolia, amaqabunga amancane akhula ngokulinganayo, akhula kahle. Ngenxa ye-nitrogen ethe xaxa, la makhasi axega futhi aqhephuke, aphumule ngokumelene nohlu lwamaqabunga alandelayo. Kamuva, amaqabunga amancanyana akhubazekile ayakhululwa ekuqhekekeni. Isitshalo siyakhula, sishiya sikhule ngokweqile ngosayizi, siba lukhuni futhi sibe brittle. Izimbali ezingama-Saintpaulia ziba buthakathaka, izimbali zincane kunokwejwayelekile, kuvela inzalo eseceleni (ama-stepons).
Ukuqeda i-powdery hlobo, kuyadingeka, ikakhulukazi, ukusebenzisa isikhunta. Kwesinye isikhathi udinga ukunakekela ukunciphisa okuqukethwe yi-nitrogen. Ukuze wenze lokhu, isigaxa sobumba siyachithwa ngamanzi afudumele (30 ° C) - amalitha angama-0,3 ngembiza ngayinye. Kamuva, iphakelwa ngomanyolo we-phosphorus ne-potassium (1 g nge-1 litre lamanzi).
Kuma-fungicides asetshenzisiwe yilezo, ngemuva kokucutshungulwa, ezingalimazi amaqabunga entekenteke we-senpolia futhi ungashiyi amabala. Isixazululo esisebenzayo se-benlate (fundozole, 1 g nge-1 litre lamanzi) siyasebenza, esisetshenziselwa ukwelapha amaqabunga ezitshalo kanye nokuthambisa isigaxa sobumba. Imvamisa, ukufafaza okukodwa kwanele, kepha uma imiphumela oyifunayo ingatholakali, iphindwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10.
I-Fundozol isiza futhi izitshalo zezinye izifo ezithile zokukhunta. Awathinti amaqabunga e-senpolia, kepha kwesinye isikhathi ishiya amabala acashile athi kamuva akhishwe ngamanzi.
I-fungicide etholakala ngentengiso - i-sodium disodium phosphate (indlela yokulawula i-Powesty isikhutha sezithelo, amajikijolo nezilimo ezihlobiso) ilula ngoba nayo isebenza njengomanyolo we-phosphate. Ngemuva kokwelashwa ngale ndlela yokulungiselela, amaqabunga awonakali, kepha izindawo ezishisayo eziqhakaza eziqhakaza kungenzeka. Izimbali eziqhakazile neziqhakaza zikhula ngokujwayelekile.
Lapho usebenzisa i-sodium disodium phosphate, ukuqoqwa kwekhambi lamanzi akumele kudlule. Ukwelashwa kwamaqabunga, thatha i-1 g yesidakamizwa ngama-1.5 amalitha amanzi, nezitshalo zokuphuza - 1 g nge-1 litre yamanzi. Imvamisa ukwelashwa okukodwa kwanele, ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, kungaphindwa ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10-12. Akunconyelwanga ukucubungula i-senpolia kaningi. Lesi sidakamizwa futhi sichitha isikhunta ebusweni bomhlaba.
Ngemuva kokufafaza ama-violets ngama-fungicides, izimbali nama-pedicels athinteka kakhulu yi-powdery hlobo kumele asuswe. Izisombululo ezinamanzi zokucubungula kufanele zifudumale kancane. Ukugwema ukushiswa okulula kwamaqabunga ngemuva kokugeza, bavunyelwe ukuba bome endaweni enezihlahla.
I-Saintpaulia, noma i-Uzambara violet
Izifo ezingalawuleki
Izifo ezingalawuleki zivame ukwenzeka ngenxa yokuphazamiseka kobuchwepheshe bezolimo. Zingavela kwikhophi elilodwa bese zingadluliselwa kwabanye.
Ukujikeleza isiqu nohlelo lwezimpande
Ukujikeleza kwesiqu nezimpande zohlelo lwe-senpolia. Isibonakaliso sokuqala sokubola kwesiqu, ukuthanda kwamaqabunga aphansi. Ziba buthuntu, kube njengothuli, kube sengathi isitshalo sidinga ukuthambisa (yize inhlama yobumba isimanzi). Ukujikeleza kwezimpande nesiqu kungabonakala ngesikhathi sokufakelwa. Izizathu zingaba ukutshala enhlabathini eminyene esindayo, inqwaba yamanyolo engxenyeni yobumba, amabhodwe amakhulu, aniselwa ngamanzi abandayo, izinga lokushisa lomoya elinganele (ngaphansi kuka-20 ° C), ukutshala kujule kakhulu.
Ngokucatshangelwa kwabantu abadala kwe-senpolia, iziqu nazo zibola ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa komhlaba, lapho kungekho ukufinyelela kwamahhala ezimpandeni. Kulokhu, ingxenye yesiqu esisemhlabathini iyagoba, izimpande zikhula kuphela engxenyeni engenhla yobumba (i-coma yobumba ingene kakhulu ngaphakathi), ama-rosette amaqabunga alahlekelwa ukuhlobisa kwawo nokuqina emhlabathini. Zitshalwa kahle kakhulu zingxubevange zobumba ezintsha. Uma lokhu kungenziwa, ukhula lwesiqu kanye nesitshalo siyafa.
Ukushiswa nokubola kwamaqabunga aphansi
Kwisitshalo esinempilo, ngaphansi kwezimo zokuqukethwe okujwayelekile, umugqa ophansi wamaqabunga usebenza kahle, imvamisa cishe unyaka. Kube sekufika ukubuna kwabo kwemvelo. Amaqabunga eSenpolia aguqula umbala, izindawo eziphuzi zivele ngezimpawu zokubola noma ukomiswa komphetho. Njengoba zikhula, la makhasi asuswa ngokuqhekeka phansi esisekelweni.
Ama-petioles amaqabunga aphansi aphansi avame ukulinyazwa ezindaweni zokuxhumana nemiphetho yesitsha sobumba, ikakhulukazi uma zingalingani. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, imiphetho yamabhodwe obumba ihlanganiswa ngaphambili ngezendlalelo eziningana ze-varnish noma ingxube ebunjiwe ye-wax yemvelo (izingxenye ezingama-0,2), i-rosin (ingxenye eyi-1) ne-wax yokubopha (izingxenye ezi-2). Ingxube ayikwazi ukufuthelana ngokweqile (ukuletha kumathumba) - lokhu kubangela ukuthi kube namaqamuza emaphethelweni amabhodwe, okuyinto engathandeki. Ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa, ibhodwe elingene ngaphakathi lifakwa engxenyeni ebunjiwe ngu-0,5-1 cm bese ligxiliswa ngokushesha emanzini abandayo.
Ngale ndlela ungacubungula imiphetho yamabhodwe, uwafake ku-wax wokubumba okuhlanganisiwe oxutshaniswe nengxenye engu-1/8 ye-wax noma i-wax emsulwa. Iparafini encibilikisiwe inika imiphumela emibi kakhulu, njengoba kuqhekeka izingcezu, izingcezu zindiza, isikhunta ne-algae kungakhula kule ndawo.
Abanye abalimi benza izinto ngendlela ehlukile. Bathatha ithhubhu elincane elincibilikayo, balisike bese belikhipha ucezu olwalufana nokujikeleza kwebhodwe, balubeke emaphethelweni, ngaleyo ndlela bavikele ama-petioles amaqabunga. Kwesinye isikhathi abathandi bafaka izixhaso ezikhethekile zamaqabunga kusuka kumawele aminyene ukuze bangaqini emaphethelweni ebhodwe, kepha lokhu akubukeki kuyinto enhle kakhulu.
Ngesikhathi sokutshala, ama-petioles amaqabunga aphansi avame ukulimala kuyi-senpolia. Ngokuzayo, amaqabunga anjalo aqala ukubola esiqwini. Kufanele zisuswe, zifafaze isiqu endaweni lapho ziqhuma khona ngamalahle.
Amacembe aphuzi aseSpapaulia
Izizathu zingukukhanya ngokweqile, lapho ukukhanya kwelanga ngqo kulesitshalo, noma ukubola okubuthakathaka, kanye nokuntuleka okungapheli komswakama noma izakhi emhlabathini. Ngokuntuleka kwezakhi ezakhiweni zobumba, kunconywa ukugqoka okungaphezulu (ukungagxili kakhulu) Uma, ngemuva kwalokhu, imiphumela emihle ingabonakali, khona-ke i-acidity yengxube yenhlabathi kufanele ihlolwe. I-Too acidic (pH ngaphansi kwe-4) noma i-alkaline (pH ngenhla kwe-7) umhlaba kufanele ungene esikhundleni.
I-Saintpaulia ibala indawo
Ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwamaqabunga kukhona imivimbo, amabala ayindilinga wesimo esingajwayelekile, omhlophe, ophuzi noma onsundu ngombala. Imvamisa, lokhu kungumphumela wokuchayeka elangeni eliqondile (ikakhulukazi uma bawela emacembe amanzi ngemuva kokunisela), ukugeza ngamanzi abandayo noma ukufafaza. Izindawo ezinjengalezi zingavela futhi ebusika, lapho umfutho womoya obandayo uqondiswa ezitshalweni ngesikhathi somoya omncane. Uma amanye amabala engadlula, kufanele ulinde kuze kuqhamuke amahlamvu amasha aluhlaza. Ukuze uvimbele ukwenzeka kwamabala, kudingeka ulondoloze izinga lokushisa lomoya elihlala njalo, eliphakeme ngokwanele, umise izitshalo elangeni eliqondile, ungafaki izitshalo ezinamaqabunga amanzi efasiteleni.
Amabala eTranslucent emaqabungeni ase-Saintpaulia
Izindawo ezinjalo zibonakala ngokucacile ku-lumen. Zivela ngokuphuza okusindayo okuningana, ikakhulukazi uma umhlaba uthambekele ekubeni omuncu (ngokwesibonelo, uqukethe amaqabunga amaningi angaboli ngokuphelele). Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukuthulula isigaxa sobumba ngesisombululo esibuthakathaka se-potassium permanganate (epinki), ulungise imodi yokunisela noma ushintshe ingxube yobumba.
I-Saintpaulia, noma i-Uzambara violet
Ukuvulwa okungaphelele kanye nokomiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwezimbali zase-Saintpaulia
Lokhu kushukunyiswa ukoma okuphezulu nokushisa komoya okuphakeme (izimo ezinjalo zivame ukwenzeka ebusika, ngokushisa okuphakathi), amahora amafushane emini (ngaphansi kwamahora we-9 ngosuku), nenhlabathi ene-acidic (pH ngaphansi kuka-4.5). Inhlabathi evundiswe kakhulu equkethe i-nitrogen eyeqile nayo inomphumela omubi.
Ukuwa kwezimbali kanye efihlekile of Saintpaulia
Isizathu esikhulu ukuguquka okubukhali kwezimo zangaphandle. Isibonelo, i-senpolia yakhula futhi yaqhakaza egumbini elinomswakama omningi (endaweni ebamba ukushisa), kodwa yabe isithuthelwa egumbini lapho umswakama womoya uphansi kakhulu. Kuphakathi kokuthi i-senpolia isuka endaweni epholile yathuthelwa lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, noma lapho indiza ebusika, kwavela umfudlana womoya obandayo kuleso sitshalo. Ukunisela izitshalo kuholela ekuweni kwezimbali nama efihlekile nge isixazululo kukamanyolo sokuhlushwa okwandisiwe.
Izinhlobo nezinhlobo ze-Saintpaulia
I-Saintpaulia inezinhlobo ezingaba ngamashumi amabili zezitshalo.
Izinhlobo ezidume kakhulu:
- ISerpaulia imnyama (I-Saintpaulia confusa) - isitshalo esinohlamvu oluqonde kahle esifinyelela ku-10 cm. Izimbali ziyi-brownish-violet, enama-anthers aphuzi, aqoqwe emabhulashini amane.
- I-Saintpaulia violet-flowered, noma i-Saintpaulia violet (I-Saintpaulia ionantha- - emvelweni, lesi sitshalo sinezimbali ezimbala ngokuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kepha umbala wezilimo ezitshaliwe ungahluka kakhulu: mhlophe, upinki, ubomvu, luhlaza okotshani. Amacembe aluhlaza ngaphezulu, aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi.
- USenpolia Magungen (I-Saintpaulia magungensis) - isitshalo esinezihlahla ezinamagatsha anamanzi afinyelela ku-15 cm ukuphakama futhi sishiya sinobubanzi obungu-6 cm onemiphetho ye-wavy. Izimbali zingububende, ziqoqwe kabili noma kane.
- I-Saintpolitheitei (I-Saintpaulia teitensis) - ukubuka okungavamile kusuka ezifundeni ezintabeni eningizimu mpumalanga yeKenya, kuvikelwe.
I-Saintpaulia, noma uzambara violet
Njengamanje, izinhlobo eziningi ze-senpolia sezizalwe, eziningi zazo zingama-nzalo. Kuma-nzalo anjalo, iziqondisi ze-violet zivame ukusebenzisa ukubizwa I-Saintpaulia hybrid.
Izinhlobo ze-senpolias zihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana, ngokuyinhloko ngombala kanye nokwakheka kwezimbali nohlobo lwazo. Ngokwalesi simiso, ama-senpolias ama-classical, amise okwezinkanyezi, ama-senpolias nama-senpole-chimera ahlukaniswa ngokufana.
Ngokuya ngohlobo lwamaqabunga, izitshalo, okokuqala, ziyehluka ngokuthi "abafana" kanye "namantombazane". Izitshalo “zamantombazane” zinendawo egqamile ohlangothini olungaphezulu lwesisekelo samaqabunga, izinhlobo zeqembu "labafana" zinamaqabunga aluhlaza ngokuphelele.
Izinhlobonhlobo zibuye zihlukaniswe ngosayizi nobubanzi bokukhishwa: iziqu ezinkulu, ama-miniature nama-microminiature.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-Saintpaulia:
- "Chimera Monique" - Izimbali zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zinama-lilac petals anomngcele omhlophe.
- "Chimera Myrthe" - Izimbali zalokhu okuhlukahlukene zinama-petals abomvu-bomvana anomngcele omhlophe.
- "URamona" - okunhlobonhlobo ngezimbali ezimnyama zepinki, phakathi nendawo lapho ama-anthers aphuzi ebukeka kahle khona.
- "Nada" -Ihlukahluka ngezimbali ezimhlophe.
Siyethemba ukuthi i-athikili yethu enemininingwane nge-senpolia izokusiza ukuthi ugweme amaphutha amaningi lapho ubakhulisa. Ithini elihlangene nelikhanyayo le-Uzambar violets lizokujabulisa ngezimbali zalo unyaka wonke.
